Rio Tinto battery swap trial advances low-emission mining

Rio Tinto Battery swap

Rio Tinto battery swap trial at Oyu Tolgoi signals a step-change in low-emission surface mining. The Rio Tinto battery swap trial, launched with China’s SPIC Qiyuan, will test electric haul trucks in demanding operating conditions. As a result, the Rio Tinto battery swap trial could become a blueprint for fleet decarbonisation across global open-pit operations.

Battery swap technology at Oyu Tolgoi

The Rio Tinto battery swap trial introduces electric haul trucks that can change batteries in under seven minutes. Battery swapping avoids long fast-charging pauses and keeps haul trucks in near-continuous operation. Over the past year, Rio Tinto and SPIC Qiyuan deployed eight 91t Tonly trucks, 13 800kWh batteries and a swap station. This infrastructure also includes a static charger and supporting grid connections at the Mongolian copper mine.

The trial will initially support tailings dam construction and topsoil movements at Oyu Tolgoi. These tasks provide repeatable cycles that are ideal for testing battery performance and swap logistics. Meanwhile, the project will generate real-world data on duty cycles, energy use and maintenance needs. That data will be critical for scaling battery swap systems into harsher and deeper mining environments.

Scaling battery swap across Rio Tinto’s global truck fleet

Rio Tinto sees its 700-truck global fleet as a major opportunity for wider battery swap deployment. If successful, the Rio Tinto battery swap trial could enable progressive replacement of diesel trucks in high-volume pits. Battery swap systems also align with grid-connected power strategies at large copper and iron ore operations. However, scaling will depend on local power availability, grid stability and renewable energy penetration.

Partnership with SPIC Qiyuan gives Rio Tinto access to China’s fast-moving battery and power electronics ecosystem. Chinese suppliers have already commercialised battery swap technology in logistics and urban transport fleets. Therefore, this mining-focused collaboration may accelerate standardisation of battery packs, swap stations and digital control platforms. That standardisation would reduce costs and support adoption by other global mining companies.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This trial confirms that decarbonising mining fleets is shifting from concept studies to large-scale pilots. Battery swap technology addresses one of mining’s hardest problems: keeping heavy haulage electrified without sacrificing productivity. If Oyu Tolgoi proves the model, expect copycat projects in copper, iron ore and coal, especially where grid power and renewables are available.

Shidai Ruixiang Launches LMFP Battery Material Plant in Gansu

Baiyin Nonferrous Group

China’s Shidai Ruixiang has launched a new LMFP battery material plant with a production capacity of 20,000 tonnes per year. Located in Baiyin city, Gansu province, this marks the first phase of what will become the world’s largest LMFP facility. Once complete, the site will scale to 100,000 t/yr in lithium ferro-manganese phosphate production for next-generation EV battery applications.

The LMFP battery material plant is operated by Shidai Ruixiang, a joint venture between Gansu Elephent Energy and Baiyin Nonferrous Group, a major Chinese state-owned metals producer. The full project will be developed in three phases, although details for the next stages remain undisclosed. This launch reinforces China’s dominant position in advanced battery cathode material (CAM) supply chains.

China Expands LMFP Footprint in Global EV Market

LMFP materials offer higher energy density and longer driving range than traditional LFP cathodes, while keeping manufacturing costs low. However, they have shorter life cycles and reduced charge-discharge capacity, making them more suitable for mid-range EVs or power tools. Despite this, China’s battery sector is accelerating investment in LMFP research and production.

Other major CAM players such as Hunan Yuneng and Ningbo Ronbay are also expanding LMFP production. Ronbay announced a dual LMFP and sodium-ion CAM plant in Xiantao, Hubei, while Yuneng is constructing a dedicated LMFP facility. These efforts position LMFP as a potential mainstream solution for future battery platforms balancing cost, safety, and range.

Strategic Role of State-Backed Metals Companies in CAM Expansion

The Shidai Ruixiang LMFP battery material plant highlights growing integration between state-backed metals enterprises and energy storage innovation. Baiyin Nonferrous brings decades of expertise in copper and zinc processing—critical metals for battery infrastructure—into the cathode materials space. The partnership reflects China's strategy to leverage existing industrial assets for clean tech scalability.

As battery chemistries diversify in response to cost and performance demands, China’s control over both upstream raw materials and downstream manufacturing provides a distinct competitive edge in the global energy transition economy.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The LMFP battery material plant in Gansu represents a strategic shift toward diversified CAM solutions for scalable EV deployment. As Chinese producers push LMFP into the mainstream, global automakers and battery buyers will need to weigh performance trade-offs against cost and availability.

Stellantis Solid-State Battery Progress Advances with Factorial Validation

Factorial Energy

Stellantis solid-state battery progress has reached a major milestone as its partner Factorial Energy successfully validated automotive-scale solid-state battery cells. This development strengthens Stellantis goal of integrating next-generation batteries into vehicles by 2026.

Validated Cells Offer High Energy Density and Fast Charging

The newly validated cells deliver an impressive energy density of 375Wh/kg and can fast charge from 15% to 90% in just 18 minutes. These figures highlight the potential for significant improvements in electric vehicle (EV) range and charging convenience. The validation confirms the scalability of Factorial’s solid-state battery technology for automotive applications.

Stellantis, which invested $75 million in Factorial in 2021, views the collaboration as central to its electrification roadmap. The validated battery cells will power a demonstration fleet by 2026, showcasing the performance and safety of solid-state chemistry over conventional lithium-ion systems.

Design Collaboration Targets Weight and Efficiency Gains

Stellantis and Factorial are also focusing on optimizing battery pack architecture through joint engineering work. The goal is to reduce system weight and enhance efficiency—key factors in improving vehicle range, handling, and energy management.

This partnership exemplifies a growing trend among automakers to co-develop advanced battery platforms with startups. Stellantis is betting on solid-state batteries to gain a competitive edge in EV performance, safety, and manufacturability.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Stellantis solid-state battery progress marks a turning point in commercializing next-gen EV batteries. With validation secured, the Stellantis–Factorial alliance positions itself among leaders aiming to bring high-density, fast-charging solid-state solutions to market within the decade.

Volkswagen Secures Long-Term Lithium Supply with Patriot Battery Metals

Patriot Battery Metals

Volkswagen, through its battery subsidiary PowerCo, has sealed a decade-long offtake agreement with Patriot Battery Metals, a Canadian lithium explorer, to source 100,000 metric tonnes per year (t/yr) of spodumene concentrate (SC). This deal is a strategic move to secure critical lithium resources as Volkswagen continues to expand its electric vehicle (EV) and battery production globally.

Patriot’s Shaakichiuwaanaan Asset Powers the Deal

The spodumene concentrate will be supplied from Patriot's Shaakichiuwaanaan Mineral Resources in Quebec, Canada. Notably, this resource is the largest lithium pegmatite deposit in the Americas and the eighth-largest globally, making it a vital supply chain asset for lithium-ion battery production. The concentrate will have a target grade of 5.5% lithium oxide, ideal for battery applications.

PowerCo plans to use the raw materials to fuel its gigafactories in Europe and North America, including its St. Thomas, Canada facility, which is set to be its largest cell factory, boasting a production capacity of up to 90 GWh per year.

Volkswagen Invests in Patriot and Future Lithium Conversion

As part of the partnership, Volkswagen has invested $48 million for a 9.9% stake in Patriot Battery Metals, signaling its commitment to long-term lithium sourcing. The deal also hints at future collaborations, including the potential development of a lithium conversion facility to ensure supply chain resilience and further vertical integration.

Volkswagen’s EV Push Faces Challenges

Volkswagen has delivered 506,500 battery electric vehicles (BEVs) globally from January to September 2024, a 4.7% decline year on year. Despite overall growth in North America, BEV deliveries in the US fell by 26%, reflecting competitive challenges in the region.

In Europe, Volkswagen remains dominant with a 19% market share in the BEV segment, reaffirming its stronghold. To bolster its EV ecosystem, the German automaker also formed a $5.8 billion joint venture with Rivian in November 2024 to advance software and electronics architectures for scalable EV platforms.

Strategic Significance

This agreement underscores the importance of securing stable, long-term access to critical minerals like lithium as automakers ramp up EV production. It also highlights Canada’s growing role as a key player in the global battery supply chain, thanks to its abundant natural resources and strategic partnerships with major manufacturers like Volkswagen.

Scania Acquires Northvolt Battery System Division to Boost Off-Highway Electrification

Scania

Scania Expands Battery Capabilities for Heavy-Duty Sectors

Scania, the commercial vehicle division of Volkswagen, has acquired the Industrial Division of Northvolt Systems to accelerate its electrification strategy. This division focuses on battery systems for heavy industries such as mining, construction, and material handling—key sectors in Scania’s future growth plan.

The acquisition includes production assets, an R&D center, and around 260 employees, all of which will support Scania’s Power Solutions division. With this move, Scania strengthens its capacity to offer electrified off-road solutions tailored to demanding industrial environments.

Northvolt to Maintain Industrial Operations Post-Deal

Despite the ownership shift, the Industrial Division will continue to operate independently under Northvolt Systems existing framework. This ensures minimal disruption to ongoing projects and partnerships across the battery supply chain.

While financial terms were not disclosed, the acquisition underlines Scania’s strategy to gain vertical integration in energy systems, particularly for sectors underserved by traditional EV platforms.

Strengthening Europe’s Battery Ecosystem

The deal also represents a broader consolidation trend in Europe’s battery manufacturing ecosystem, driven by increasing demand for localized, high-performance systems. With global supply chains tightening, OEMs like Scania are moving quickly to secure core technologies in-house.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Scania’s acquisition of Northvolt’s industrial battery unit marks a decisive step toward electrifying heavy industry. As global decarbonization pressures mount, OEMs must go beyond road transport—and Scania is doing just that.

Idemitsu to Build Lithium Sulphide Plant in Chiba to Support Toyota’s All-Solid-State Battery Rollout

Idemitsu, Lithium Sulphide Plant

$142 Million Facility to Produce Key ASSB Material for 3GWh Annually, Backed by Japanese Government Subsidies

Idemitsu Advances Battery Strategy with New Lithium Sulphide Facility

Japanese energy firm Idemitsu Kosan has announced plans to construct a large-scale lithium sulphide production plant in Chiba, with completion targeted for June 2027. The project is part of Idemitsu’s broader strategy to establish an integrated supply chain for all-solid-state battery (ASSB) production—a technology expected to define the next generation of electric vehicle (EV) batteries.

The plant will produce lithium sulphide at volumes equivalent to powering 3GWh of ASSB output annually, reinforcing Japan’s position in the global battery supply chain. The ¥21.3 billion ($142 million) investment will be partially supported by ¥7.1 billion in government subsidies, according to Idemitsu.

ASSB Seen as Next-Generation EV Battery Solution

ASSBs offer significant advantages over traditional lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, including faster charging, higher energy density, better thermal stability, and reduced use of critical metals like nickel and cobalt. These benefits make them highly attractive for next-generation EV platforms.

In October 2023, Idemitsu and Toyota announced a partnership to commercialize ASSB for EVs by 2027–2028. Under this plan, Idemitsu will supply solid electrolytes, derived from its lithium sulphide, while Toyota integrates them into EV battery systems. Toyota’s goal is to produce vehicles capable of driving up to 1,200 km on a single charge—more than twice the range of its current EVs.

Integrated Upstream-Downstream Supply Secures Japan’s Battery Future

Idemitsu will manufacture lithium sulphide by processing lithium hydroxide sourced from its Australian mining assets with sulphur by-products from its oil refining operations. This vertically integrated model reflects Japan’s push to reduce battery supply chain dependencies on China while leveraging domestic expertise in refining and manufacturing.

As Japan’s second-largest oil refiner, Idemitsu is uniquely positioned to transform its fossil fuel legacy into a clean tech future. The company also plans to produce several thousand tonnes of solid electrolyte materials to support full-scale ASSB deployment across Toyota’s production lines.

XTC GEM CAM feedstock deal tightens China’s battery materials supply chain

XTC

XTC GEM CAM feedstock deal marks a major step in securing China’s high-end battery materials supply. Under the XTC GEM CAM feedstock deal, XTC New Energy will lock in large volumes of cobalt, nickel and lithium inputs. This XTC GEM CAM feedstock deal supports long-term cathode active material output for NCM, LCO and LFP product lines. As a result, Chinese battery makers gain greater visibility on costs and availability during a volatile raw material cycle.

Long-term CAM feedstock deal anchors XTC’s growth strategy

XTC New Energy agreed to purchase 150,000 t/yr of CAM feedstock from GEM between 2026 and 2028. The package covers cobalt chloride, nickel sulfate, cobalt tetroxide, NCM precursor and lithium salts for large-scale cathode production. This diversified basket reduces single-material risk and helps XTC balance different chemistries across consumer and power batteries. The deal also deepens an existing partnership, signalling confidence in GEM’s ability to deliver consistent quality volumes. Consequently, both companies move closer to a vertically aligned, closed-loop battery materials ecosystem.

XTC has rapidly grown sales of lithium cobalt oxide on the back of device replacement cycles and AI-enabled electronics. Government subsidies that push consumers to upgrade phones and tablets are boosting high-end cobalt-rich cathode demand. Meanwhile, combined sales of NCM and LFP cathodes also rose, reflecting broader growth across energy storage and EV platforms. By locking in feedstock now, XTC can support more aggressive volume and product planning with key OEMs.

China CAM feedstock integration deepens links with global battery OEMs

The agreement reinforces China’s position at the centre of the global CAM and precursor value chain. GEM will channel critical precursors to XTC, which already supplies ATL, Samsung SDI, Murata, LG Chem and BYD. These relationships span mid to high-end consumer devices and extend into power lithium battery producers like CALB and CATL. Therefore, the enhanced feedstock pipeline will indirectly underpin cell production for phones, tablets, EVs and stationary storage worldwide.

Tighter integration between feedstock suppliers and cathode producers can also stabilise pricing and contract structures. Long-term supply deals encourage joint planning on capacity, quality and sustainability metrics, important for global OEM qualification. At the same time, dependence on Chinese CAM feedstock raises questions for western policymakers about diversification and supply security. However, until alternative precursor hubs reach scale, China’s integrated CAM ecosystem will remain a critical anchor for lithium-ion supply chains.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This agreement shows how Chinese CAM producers and recyclers are quietly locking in the next wave of battery growth. As XTC and GEM align on volumes and chemistries, their joint leverage over cobalt, nickel and lithium flows will rise. For non-Chinese OEMs, the deal underscores the urgency of building competitive precursor and CAM capacity outside China.

Lopal and Cornex Sign Landmark LFP Supply Deal to Strengthen China’s Battery Chain

Lopal

Strategic Agreement Secures 150,000t of LFP Through 2029

Lopal and Cornex have signed a major lithium iron phosphate (LFP) supply deal, securing 150,000 tonnes of LFP cathode active material over five years. The Focus Keyphrase "LFP supply deal" reflects a growing trend of long-term procurement strategies across the EV battery value chain.

Under the agreement, Jiangsu Lopal will deliver LFP to three Cornex subsidiaries in Wuhan, Xiaogan, and Yichang between 2025 and 2029. The deal is valued at over 5 billion yuan ($694 million), marking one of China’s largest bilateral LFP commitments to date. This collaboration comes as LFP demand surges in both domestic and export EV markets.

Lopal Expands Production Footprint Across China and Indonesia

Lopal has rapidly scaled its LFP production capabilities following its acquisition of the LFP business from Shenzhen BTR New Energy Material. It now operates multiple LFP plants across Jiangsu, Shandong, Tianjin, Sichuan, and Hubei, giving it geographic reach and production redundancy.

In 2024, Lopal’s LFP output surged to 184,697 tonnes, a 56% increase from the previous year, with sales rising 65% to 178,287 tonnes. Lopal has also begun overseas expansion, completing the first 30,000 t/yr phase of an Indonesian plant, with a second 90,000 t/yr phase in planning. These moves position Lopal as a global LFP leader with diversified supply capabilities.

Term Contracts Signal Confidence from Global OEMs

Lopal has not only secured deals with domestic players but also signed term supply contracts with Ford and LG Energy Solution. These partnerships highlight Lopal’s growing credibility in supplying high-volume, high-quality LFP material for global EV platforms.

Meanwhile, Cornex—formally Chuneng—is increasing battery production in central China, supported by reliable LFP sourcing. The LFP supply deal ensures material stability for future gigafactory-scale battery production, a critical factor amid rising input volatility and tightening market conditions.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The LFP supply deal between Lopal and Cornex reflects the tightening integration of China’s battery supply chain, with long-term contracts emerging as a buffer against future material risk. As global automakers seek cobalt-free alternatives, LFP’s role will only grow, and producers like Lopal are positioning themselves at the center of this transition.

Mercedes Alabama Auto Plant Investment Strengthens US SUV Manufacturing Base

Mercedes Alabama

Mercedes Alabama auto plant investment plans will expand the German automaker’s US production footprint through 2030. Mercedes-Benz announced on 31 March that it would invest $4bn in its Tuscaloosa, Alabama, sport utility vehicle plant.

The investment forms part of a broader $7bn US manufacturing plan. The Alabama facility produces Mercedes SUVs including the GLE, GLS and Maybach GLS, and also assembles the EQE and EQS electric SUVs.

Mercedes Alabama auto plant investment is strategically important because the Tuscaloosa site is already a major export platform. Mercedes exports about 60% of the vehicles produced there, making the plant part of both US manufacturing and global premium SUV supply.

Tuscaloosa Expansion Supports Premium SUV and EV Production

The Tuscaloosa plant has assembled 4.5mn vehicles since opening in 1997. That implies average production of about 160,700 vehicles per year, although Mercedes did not disclose current annual output.

The plant employs 5,800 people and remains one of Mercedes’ most important manufacturing assets outside Germany. The new spending should support capacity, process upgrades and future model flexibility.

Mercedes Alabama auto plant investment also keeps the company positioned in the large SUV segment, where US production offers logistical and market advantages. For electric SUVs, local assembly can also support regional supply-chain strategy and reduce exposure to trade friction.

Automotive Materials Demand Remains Tied to US Assembly Growth

The investment has direct implications for automotive materials demand. SUV production requires large volumes of steel, aluminium, copper, plastics, glass, electronic components and high-performance castings.

Electric SUV production adds another layer. Battery packs, power electronics, motors and charging systems increase exposure to copper, aluminium, lithium, nickel, graphite and rare earth magnets.

For suppliers, the key opportunity is not only higher vehicle output. It is the growing materials intensity of electrified premium vehicles, where lightweight structures, electrical systems and battery platforms carry more value per unit.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Mercedes’ Alabama investment shows that premium automakers still view US manufacturing as a strategic export and electrification base. The materials story will depend on how quickly SUV production shifts toward electric platforms and higher-value lightweight components.

Lucid Motors to Double EV Production in 2025 Despite $2.7 Billion Loss in 2024

Lucid Motors

Leadership Change and Panasonic Battery Deal Signal Strategic Shift for U.S. Luxury EV Maker

Lucid Sets Ambitious 2025 Production Target Amid Financial Headwinds

Lucid Motors has raised its 2025 production forecast to 20,000 vehicles, more than doubling its 2024 output of 9,029 units. The company met its prior guidance of 9,000 units, indicating improved operational control despite ongoing financial losses.

Lucid reported a net loss of $2.7 billion in 2024, slightly down from $2.8 billion in 2023. Although losses remain steep, the consistent production performance and forward-looking targets show signs of gradual stabilization.

Executive Leadership Changes as Lucid Repositions Strategy

Peter Rawlinson, Lucid’s long-standing CEO, will transition into a new role as strategic technical advisor. The company appointed Marc Winterhoff as interim chief executive to steer Lucid through its next growth phase.

This leadership reshuffle comes at a pivotal time, as Lucid attempts to scale production, control costs, and reinforce its position in the luxury EV segment amid fierce competition from Tesla, Rivian, and traditional automakers pivoting to electric platforms.

Battery Supply Secured Through Panasonic Partnership

To support its expanded production, Lucid maintains a multi-year battery supply agreement with Japan’s Panasonic, ensuring a stable supply of lithium-ion battery cells. This deal helps mitigate potential supply chain disruptions, especially as global EV battery demand continues to soar.

With fresh leadership and a secured supply chain, Lucid aims to strengthen its foothold in the high-performance electric sedan market while positioning itself for long-term scalability.

Stellantis Net Loss Shows Cost of Resetting EV Strategy

Stellantis EV

Stellantis net loss reached €22.3bn in 2025 as the global automaker absorbed major charges linked to a strategic reset in electric vehicles. The result highlights how quickly automakers are reassessing electrification plans as customer demand, regulation, pricing, and capital discipline change across the global auto market.

Most of the Stellantis net loss came in the second half of the year, when the company reported a €20.1bn loss. Full-year charges reached €25.4bn, largely tied to what Stellantis described as a profound strategic shift to better match customer demand and regulatory realities.

The company’s brands include Jeep, Peugeot, and Vauxhall. Net revenues fell by 2pc from 2024 to €153.5bn, as foreign exchange pressure and first-half pricing declines outweighed gains from volume and product mix.

EV Supply Chain Resizing Drives Heavy Charges

Stellantis net loss reflects the financial cost of scaling back EV ambitions after earlier expectations proved too aggressive. The company said the charges include product plan changes, EV supply chain resizing, warranty provision adjustments, and previously announced workforce reductions.

The reset shows that automakers are moving from rapid EV expansion toward more flexible technology portfolios. Stellantis now wants to focus on customers’ freedom to choose from a full range of vehicle technologies, rather than relying on a faster linear shift toward battery electric vehicles.

This shift carries major implications for battery materials, power electronics, component suppliers, and EV manufacturing investments. If automakers slow or rebalance EV programs, suppliers exposed to batteries, motors, lightweight materials, and dedicated EV platforms may face weaker demand visibility.

Automakers Rebalance Electrification and Balance Sheet Risk

Stellantis plans to return to profitable growth in 2026 after absorbing the cost of what management called over-estimating the pace of the energy transition. The company will not pay an annual dividend in 2026 and has approved up to €5bn in hybrid bond issuance to protect its balance sheet.

This balance sheet response matters because automakers need capital for multiple technologies at once. Battery EVs, hybrids, combustion platforms, software, emissions compliance, and regional manufacturing all compete for investment. The challenge is no longer simply building EV capacity; it is allocating capital across uncertain demand pathways.

For the wider automotive supply chain, Stellantis’ reset is a warning signal. Electrification remains a long-term direction, but the transition is becoming less uniform, more regional, and more financially disciplined. Suppliers must prepare for a market where hybrid, EV, and combustion demand coexist longer than earlier forecasts suggested.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Stellantis’ 2025 loss shows that the energy transition is entering a harder capital cycle. The winners will not be the companies with the boldest EV targets, but those that manage technology flexibility, supply chain exposure, and balance sheet risk with discipline.

Comexport to assemble GM Chinese EVs in Brazil

Comexport

Comexport to assemble GM Chinese EVs marks a major shift in Brazil’s role within global EV supply chains. The Brazilian foreign trade firm will assemble GM’s new Spark EUV, a Chinese electric vehicle sold under the Chevrolet brand, at the former Ford-owned PACE industrial hub. As a result, the Comexport to assemble GM Chinese EVs deal turns a decommissioned plant into a regional platform for imported Chinese SKD units.

The project uses a flexible contract-assembly model rather than an equity partnership or joint venture. Comexport will import semi-knocked-down Spark units from China, already welded, painted and partially manufactured, and then complete final assembly at PACE. Meanwhile, GM will supervise production quality and pay Comexport per unit, ensuring OEM control over standards while limiting capital exposure. Therefore, the Comexport to assemble GM Chinese EVs contract gives GM fast market access with lower fixed costs.

PACE becomes Brazil’s first multi-brand EV assembly hub

PACE will emerge as Brazil’s first and only multi-brand vehicle assembly line once all client negotiations close. The plant, acquired by Comexport in 2024 from the state of Ceara, will serve at least three carmakers, with GM confirmed as the first anchor client. Initially, the facility will operate below its 80,000 vehicle per year capacity and gradually ramp up as the local supply chain matures.

GM plans for all Spark units sold in Brazil to be assembled as SKD imports over time. However, the company will first bring in fully built consumer-ready vehicles while Comexport stabilises processes and tooling. As the supply chain “nationalises”, more Brazilian auto-parts suppliers will enter the platform, supporting localisation targets and potentially unlocking tax and industrial policy incentives. This phased approach reduces ramp-up risk while anchoring long term EV manufacturing in northeastern Brazil.

Chinese EV platforms deepen their footprint in Latin America

The project highlights how Chinese EV platforms penetrate Latin America via global OEM brands and contract assemblers. The Spark is a Chinese-developed model from the joint venture between GM, SAIC and Wuling, sold domestically as the Baojun Yep Plus. Therefore, Brazilian consumers will buy a Chevrolet-badged vehicle that originates from a Chinese EV architecture. PACE will exclusively assemble hybrids and EVs, increasing the likelihood that future clients will also be Chinese or China-linked automakers.

For GM, this structure supports a broader strategy of leveraging Chinese small-EV know-how while maintaining brand control in key emerging markets. For Brazil, the Comexport to assemble GM Chinese EVs model could accelerate EV adoption, technology transfer and supplier upgrading, especially in battery, electronics and lightweight components. However, policymakers and local OEMs will also scrutinise the impact on domestic manufacturers and industrial competitiveness as Chinese-origin platforms gain share.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This deal illustrates how decommissioned legacy plants can be repurposed into EV assembly hubs bound into China-centric technology networks. By combining SKD imports, contract assembly and gradual localisation, Comexport and GM create a flexible template that other brands may copy across Latin America. Market participants should watch how quickly local suppliers move into higher value EV components and how Brazil balances openness to Chinese platforms with support for domestic champions.

CATL and DHL Partner to Advance Sustainable Logistics Solutions

CATL

Strategic Collaboration to Enhance Energy Efficiency in Logistics

Chinese battery giant CATL and German logistics leader DHL Group have announced a strategic partnership to develop sustainable logistics solutions worldwide. Under the agreement, CATL will supply DHL logistics parks with liquid cooling energy storage systems (ESS) and energy management platforms, aiming to optimize energy efficiency.

Innovative Energy Storage and Battery Recycling Initiatives

CATL’s ESS technology includes battery swapping and ultra-fast charging systems, ensuring faster energy replenishment and enhanced operational efficiency for DHL’s logistics infrastructure. This partnership will support DHL’s commitment to carbon reduction and clean energy adoption.

Additionally, CATL has designated DHL as its preferred logistics provider, focusing on battery recycling innovations and advancing electric vehicle (EV) supply chain solutions.

Ford First-Quarter Sales Fell as Aluminium Supply and EV Weakness Hit Deliveries

Ford EV

Ford first-quarter sales fell in January-March as lower F-Series truck deliveries, weaker EV demand, and aluminium supply disruption weighed on the US automaker. Total vehicle sales declined by 8.8% on the year to 457,000 units.

Ford first-quarter sales were affected by production timing as the company worked to recover lost output tied to Novelis outage at its Oswego, New York, aluminium rolling facility. The disruption has exposed how dependent high-volume vehicle platforms are on stable aluminium sheet supply.

Ford first-quarter sales also reflected weaker electric vehicle momentum. Sales of all-electric and hybrid models fell by 35% to 48,000 units, while internal combustion engine vehicle sales declined by 4.3% to around 409,000 units.

F-Series Production Shows Aluminium Supply Chain Vulnerability

Ford’s F-Series truck sales fell by 16% on the year to 160,000 units in the first quarter. F-150 production declined by 11% to 137,700 trucks, while Super Duty output dropped by 17% to 74,900 units.

The decline matters because the F-Series is one of Ford’s most important profit engines. Any production disruption in the truck platform can have an outsized effect on revenue, margins, dealer inventory, and supplier scheduling.

The Novelis Oswego outage remains a key constraint. Ford expects the recovery in vehicle production to be weighted toward the second half of 2026, while warning that Novelis’ restart could be uneven.

Ford previously estimated that temporary aluminium sourcing costs could reach $1.5bn-2.5bn this year because of the Oswego fires. That cost pressure shows how one upstream rolling disruption can flow directly into automotive manufacturing economics.

EV Sales Weakness Adds Pressure to Ford’s Product Mix

Ford first-quarter sales were also hit by the company’s shift away from some EV production and the expiration of EV tax credits. Reduced availability of discontinued models added further pressure to deliveries.

SUV sales fell by 7.8% to 186,000 units, while Mustang sales rose by 50% to 14,000 units. This mixed performance shows that Ford’s portfolio remains uneven as the company balances combustion vehicles, hybrids, EVs, and high-margin trucks.

The EV decline is strategically important because automakers are still trying to manage battery costs, consumer demand, policy incentives, and production discipline. Lower EV volumes can affect demand for battery materials, power electronics, aluminium structures, copper wiring, and rare earth magnet supply chains.

For the wider metals market, the bigger lesson is clear. Automotive demand is not only shaped by consumers, but also by material availability, rolling capacity, battery economics, and policy support.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Ford’s results show that automotive production is now highly exposed to upstream material bottlenecks. The Novelis outage turned aluminium sheet supply into a direct constraint on truck output, while weaker EV sales added another layer of demand uncertainty.

GEM Ultra-High Nickel Precursor: Mass Shipments Begin from Jinmen

GEM

GEM ultra-high nickel precursor shipments have started, marking a scale breakthrough in EV battery materials. The company will ship 2,000 t/month from its Jinmen plant. As a result, the GEM ultra-high nickel precursor will supply major international battery makers. The milestone positions the GEM ultra-high nickel precursor at the center of next-gen high-energy cathode supply.

Core–shell design targets energy and safety

GEM launched a 9-series quaternary core–shell precursor at mass scale. The three-layer structure upgrades a traditional single-layer design without changing metal ratios. Therefore, manufacturers can raise energy density, cycle life, and safety. Nickel-rich NCM and NCA lines benefit, while safety has long challenged high-nickel chemistries. Meanwhile, GEM’s 8-series core–shell debuted in 2022, with the 9-series unveiled in April.

Shipments accelerate premium cathode supply chains

GEM will dedicate all 2,000 t/month to leading global firms. This supports gigafactory ramps as EV ranges push higher. Moreover, the material suits solid-state batteries under active development. GEM remains a top cobalt refiner and CAM precursor producer. Ternary precursor shipments reached 189,000t in 2024, up 5pc year over year. Consequently, downstream buyers gain volume and design flexibility without requalifying metal blends.

Ultra-high nickel platforms expand OEM options under cost and tariff pressure. However, qualification, safety validation, and powder morphology control remain critical. As a result, process stability at Jinmen will determine long-run competitiveness. Battery makers will watch swelling, thermal runaway margins, and impurity management.

The Metalnomist Commentary

GEM’s core–shell architecture balances high nickel with durability and safety, which buyers demand. Watch how quickly 9-series wins long-term offtakes beyond pilot lines. If Jinmen sustains quality at volume, rivals must match layered particle engineering, not just nickel content.

CATL BHP mining electrification accelerates heavy equipment and rail decarbonization

BHP mining

CATL BHP mining electrification advances with a new strategic collaboration. The non-binding pact targets batteries for haul trucks and locomotives. CATL BHP mining electrification also covers fast-charging, energy storage, and recycling. The partners aim to build a repeatable model for low-carbon mining.

Scope, technology, and capacity roadmap

The collaboration focuses on electrifying mining fleets and rail while installing fast-charge networks. CATL BHP mining electrification benefits from CATL’s projected 700–1,000 GWh capacity in 2025. CATL expands globally and builds a 40 GWh plant in Dongying. Therefore, supply depth supports prototypes, pilots, and scaled deployments.

Market drivers and North American relevance

Demand for critical minerals and storage is rising with renewables and AI data centers. China’s new-energy truck sales hit about 72,000 in January–June 2025. As a result, battery heavy-duty platforms are maturing quickly. Meanwhile, BHP targets net-zero operational emissions by 2050, reinforcing adoption timelines.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This tie-up links OEM battery scale with miner operating know-how. Success hinges on duty-cycle validation, pit-side charging buildout, and grid access. Watch TCO versus diesel, battery lifecycles, and recycling value recovery.

Aludyne Linamar auto parts deal reshapes North American chassis supply

Aludyne

The Aludyne Linamar auto parts deal marks a significant reshaping of North America’s chassis and structures supply chain. Aludyne will sell most of its North American precision casting, machining and manufacturing plants to Linamar for $300mn, with closing expected within 30 days. The transaction transfers a broad footprint of Tier 1 assets at a time when the regional automotive sector faces EV uncertainty and capacity rebalancing. As a result, the Aludyne Linamar auto parts deal strengthens Linamar’s position with OEMs while allowing Aludyne to exit capital-intensive operations.

Linamar deepens chassis portfolio with Aludyne plants

The Aludyne Linamar auto parts deal will fold Aludyne’s US and Mexican plants into Linamar’s structures and chassis division. Linamar gains established North American production of knuckles, subframes, control arms and axle housings, all core safety-critical components. This expansion enhances Linamar’s ability to offer integrated chassis solutions, which helps automakers rationalise suppliers and reduce logistics complexity.

Meanwhile, the Aludyne assets complement Linamar’s recent move into Europe through the purchase of George Fischer’s iron foundry in Leipzig. Together, these acquisitions expand Linamar’s geographic and product reach across cast and machined suspension and structural parts. Therefore, the company positions itself as a global Tier 1 partner able to support multi-platform programmes across internal combustion, hybrid and battery electric vehicles.

EV headwinds force rethink of giga-casting strategy

At the same time, Linamar is trying to divest its aluminium die giga-casting plant in Welland, Ontario, completed in 2024. That facility was originally designed to make large structural castings for EV platforms, targeting long-term supply to major OEMs. However, the end of US EV tax credits under President Donald Trump has weakened demand visibility for high-volume EV structures. This shift explains why the Aludyne Linamar auto parts deal now looks more attractive than betting solely on giga-casting growth.

As a result, Linamar appears to be pivoting back toward a diversified mix of cast and machined chassis parts, with less exposure to a single EV-heavy technology bet. The acquisition balances risk by anchoring the group in essential underbody and suspension components that remain necessary across all powertrains. For automakers, a stronger Linamar could offer greater resilience in North American sourcing, even as EV policy volatility complicates long-term platform planning.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Aludyne Linamar auto parts deal underlines how policy-driven EV headwinds are reshaping capital allocation in the auto supply chain. Tier 1 suppliers are moving away from single-technology bets toward diversified portfolios of foundational components and regional footprints. For metals suppliers and casting houses, the key will be aligning product mix with flexible, multi-powertrain platforms rather than relying on overly optimistic EV adoption curves.

ReElement tungsten deal deepens US–Uzbek strategic metals ties

Tungsten

The ReElement tungsten deal creates a new supply route for high-purity tungsten into the US market. Under the agreement, American Resources (AREC) will source tungsten concentrate from Uzbek miner TMK for refining by ReElement and other US processors. This structure supports US efforts to secure critical minerals outside traditional supply hubs.

The partnership positions the ReElement tungsten deal at the intersection of upstream mining and advanced refining technologies. TMK will provide concentrate while ReElement applies its refining capabilities to deliver high-purity tungsten products. As a result, US manufacturers in aerospace, defense, energy and hard-metal tooling gain an alternative source for one of the most strategic refractory metals.

Critically, the ReElement tungsten deal aligns with broader US policy to diversify supply chains. Tungsten remains vital for armor-piercing munitions, cutting tools and high-temperature alloys. Therefore, long-term, multi-party collaborations like this one can reduce exposure to geopolitical risk and price shocks in tungsten markets.

Beyond tungsten: pathway to germanium, lithium and rare earths

The agreement also lays groundwork for future cooperation in germanium, lithium and rare earth elements. ReElement has signalled that the ReElement tungsten deal is only the first step in a wider strategic partnership with TMK and Uzbekistan. This could eventually extend into a multi-metal platform for critical minerals.

Germanium and rare earth elements are central to semiconductors, optics and permanent magnets, while lithium underpins global battery supply chains. By starting with tungsten and then expanding scope, the parties can test logistics, quality and financing frameworks before scaling into other sensitive metals. As a result, this phased approach lowers execution risk while still supporting long-term diversification goals.

Uzbekistan trade deal provides political and financial tailwind

The ReElement tungsten deal also benefits from a supportive diplomatic backdrop. The US and Uzbekistan recently signed a broader trade and economic agreement, under which Tashkent plans to invest and purchase around $35bn in key US sectors over three years. This political framework should ease regulatory processes and encourage additional capital flows into mining and refining projects.

For Uzbekistan, TMK’s partnership with ReElement and AREC showcases its ambition to move deeper into global critical minerals supply chains. Meanwhile, US stakeholders gain access to new Central Asian resources without fully depending on legacy suppliers. If successfully implemented, the partnership could become a model for similar deal structures across other critical minerals.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This agreement illustrates how mid-tier refiners like ReElement are becoming pivotal in rewiring critical mineral supply chains. Starting with tungsten, the partnership could mature into a broader multi-metal bridge between US technology sectors and Central Asian resources. Market participants should watch how quickly the parties move from concentrate shipments to scalable, multi-metal offtake platforms.

Stellantis SUV plant shutdown exposes parts shortage risk in US auto supply chains

Stellantis

The Stellantis SUV plant shutdown in Warren highlights growing fragility in US auto supply chains. Stellantis idled its Warren, Michigan truck plant for three weeks because of a continuing parts shortage. As a result, production of Jeep Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer SUVs will pause during the outage window.

Parts shortages hit Jeep Wagoneer production plans

The shutdown at Warren directly disrupts Jeep Wagoneer and Grand Wagoneer output during a key planning period. The company has not specified whether the Stellantis SUV plant shutdown links to supply issues after the September fire at Novelis' Oswego hot-rolling mill. However, the Oswego facility is a major supplier of automotive-grade aluminium sheet, which remains critical for large SUV platforms. The lack of clarity underscores how opaque component flows can complicate risk management for automakers and suppliers.

Meanwhile, Stellantis still plans to expand its US footprint despite the temporary halt. The group recently announced a $13bn US investment package over four years, targeting a 50pc increase in vehicle production. The plan includes $100mn to retool the Warren plant for a new large SUV that will offer both internal combustion and electric variants. Therefore, the Stellantis SUV plant shutdown sits awkwardly alongside a strategy built on higher output and electrification.

Supply chain stress tests the EV and large SUV strategy

The Warren outage serves as a real-time stress test of Stellantis’ North American manufacturing strategy. Large SUVs are a profit pillar, so any extended Stellantis SUV plant shutdown risks lost margin and dealer inventory imbalances. At the same time, retooling for electric and hybrid large SUVs will likely increase dependence on specialised materials such as aluminium, battery metals and power electronics. These shifts make secure supply of rolled products and critical components even more strategic.

As automakers push for higher utilisation, parts disruptions can cascade quickly across model lines. However, the three-week Warren pause may also give Stellantis and its suppliers time to rebalance flows and rebuild safety stocks. Investors and materials suppliers will watch closely whether the company diversifies key inputs, signs longer-term supply contracts, or localises more upstream capacity after this incident.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Warren case shows how a single plant outage can ripple through premium SUV and aluminium value chains. For metals producers, it is a reminder that OEM electrification plans mean little without robust, diversified midstream processing. The next phase of the US auto transition will likely favour suppliers that can offer both volume and resilience under stress.

Uber Rivian Robotaxi Partnership Signals New Demand for Lidar Minor Metals

Uber Rivian Robotaxi

Uber Rivian robotaxi partnership plans mark a renewed US push into autonomous vehicle deployment after years of setbacks across the sector. Uber will invest up to $1.25 billion in Rivian to place 50,000 autonomous robotaxis on the Uber platform from 2028, beginning in San Francisco and Miami.

The Uber Rivian robotaxi partnership will start with 10,000 midsize SUVs. The companies can later negotiate up to 40,000 additional vehicles from 2030, with purchases handled by Uber or its fleet partners.

The investment is tied to autonomy milestones, showing that Uber wants exposure to robotaxi growth without rebuilding its own self-driving division. For Rivian, the deal offers potential volume, investor momentum, and a clearer route to monetize its autonomous vehicle technology.

Rivian Autonomy Suite Adds Metals Exposure to Robotaxi Growth

Rivian will supply the robotaxis through its third-generation autonomy suite, launched in December 2025. The system uses cameras, radars, Lidar sensors, and Rivian’s own high-powered inference chips.

This technology stack makes the robotaxi business a materials story as well as a software story. Lidar-rich autonomous platforms increase demand for advanced semiconductors, optics, sensors, and specialty materials.

Minor metals such as gallium, indium, and germanium are especially relevant because they support components used in optoelectronics, power electronics, infrared sensing, and Lidar-related systems. As autonomous driving hardware becomes more complex, these materials gain strategic importance in the EV supply chain.

US Autonomy Push Follows China’s Lidar-Rich EV Trend

Uber’s move reflects a broader return of US interest in autonomous mobility. The company sold its self-driving division in 2020 after high costs and safety problems, but it is now using partnerships to re-enter the market.

Rivian’s use of Lidar places it closer to the hardware trend already visible in China, where carmakers have added Lidar to midrange EVs to differentiate vehicles in a crowded market. That trend has already drawn attention from suppliers expecting stronger demand for gallium, indium, and germanium.

The partnership also arrives as Rivian looks for new growth after deliveries declined last year. Alongside the robotaxi plan, Rivian is pushing its smaller R2 platform and expects to use LG Energy Solution’s 4695 cylindrical cells for future production.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Uber Rivian robotaxi partnership shows that autonomous vehicles could reopen a new demand channel for specialty metals and sensor materials. If robotaxi fleets scale, the strategic bottleneck may shift from vehicle assembly to Lidar, chips, battery cells, and the minor metals behind advanced sensing systems.