Zhangyuan Tungsten Sales Rise as Manufacturing Demand Supports Downstream Products

Zhangyuan Tungsten

Zhangyuan tungsten sales increased in 2025 as robust manufacturing demand lifted shipments of tungsten powder, tungsten carbide and cemented carbide products. The Chinese producer sold 4,928t of tungsten powder during the year, up 24% from 2024.

Zhangyuan tungsten sales also rose across higher-value downstream products. Tungsten carbide sales increased by 18% to 5,812t, while cemented carbide sales climbed by 20% to 1,363t.

Zhangyuan tungsten sales show that demand for cutting tools, industrial components and hard materials remained firm even as raw material prices corrected from record highs. The result highlights the importance of downstream tungsten products in China’s manufacturing supply chain.

Cemented carbide bar sales rose by 16% to 893t. Cemented carbide cutter sales also recovered strongly, reversing a 3% decline in the first half of 2025 to end the year up 22% at 27.11mn pieces.

Downstream Capacity Outpaces Internal Concentrate Supply

Zhangyuan has significant downstream tungsten capacity. The company has nameplate capacity of 12,000 t/yr of ammonium paratungstate, 15,000 t/yr of tungsten powder and 13,000 t/yr of tungsten carbide.

That scale makes the company a major consumer of tungsten raw materials. Its own tungsten concentrate output is not enough to meet internal demand, so it relies on external feedstock including APT and tungsten concentrate.

Zhangyuan produced 3,691t of tungsten concentrate in 2025, down slightly by 48t from a year earlier. This small decline reinforces the company’s dependence on purchased raw materials to support its downstream operations.

The operating structure matters because tungsten producers with strong downstream demand still face raw material exposure. Concentrate and APT availability can affect margins, procurement timing and product pricing.

Tungsten is strategically important for cemented carbide tools, drilling equipment, machining, aerospace, defence, electronics and high-performance industrial applications. Stronger sales from Zhangyuan therefore reflect continued demand from China’s manufacturing base.

Price Correction Slows Feedstock Buying After Record Highs

Zhangyuan lowered its term bidding price for 55% tungsten concentrate to 845,000 yuan/t for the second half of April, down from 930,000 yuan/t in the first half of the month. Its APT bidding range also fell to 1.35mn yuan/t from 1.44mn yuan/t.

The move reflected a wider correction in China’s tungsten market. Prices for 65% wolframite concentrate fell sharply after reaching record highs in March, while APT prices also declined over the same period.

Market participants reported limited spot deals and fewer term deliveries. Buyers slowed feedstock purchases because they expected further downward price corrections after the earlier price surge.

This creates a short-term tension in the tungsten chain. Downstream demand remains supported by manufacturing activity, but raw material buyers are cautious because prices moved too far too quickly.

For Zhangyuan, the key challenge is balancing strong downstream sales with disciplined feedstock procurement. If raw material prices continue to fall, margins may improve for processors that avoid overbuying at peak levels.

The broader market signal is clear. Tungsten demand remains industrially strong, but price volatility can disrupt buying behaviour across the concentrate, APT, powder and carbide chain.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Zhangyuan’s results show that China’s tungsten demand is being driven by downstream manufacturing, not only raw material speculation. The price correction may cool feedstock buying, but cemented carbide and cutting tool demand still point to tungsten’s strategic role in industrial production.

Acute Tungsten Shortage Drives Record Prices Across Global Supply Chains

Tungsten

The acute tungsten shortage is pushing global tungsten prices to record highs in 2026. Supply remains extremely tight across concentrate, APT, and downstream products. Low inventories and restricted Chinese export licences are worsening the squeeze. As a result, the acute tungsten shortage is becoming one of the most severe specialty metals disruptions in the market.

The current problem starts at the raw material level. Global production of tungsten concentrates has declined, while available western supply remains far below demand. Market participants now describe an estimated shortfall of around 13,000t of contained tungsten in the western market. Therefore, the acute tungsten shortage is no longer a regional issue. It is a structural supply crisis.

Pricing shows how quickly the market has tightened. Tungsten concentrate prices in Rotterdam surged to record levels in late January. European APT prices also climbed sharply as concentrate costs and export restrictions combined. Consequently, global tungsten prices are rising across the entire value chain.

Chinese Supply Constraints Are Tightening the Tungsten Concentrate Shortage

Chinese supply constraints remain the core driver of the tungsten concentrate shortage. China produces about 80pc of global tungsten supply and still dominates export availability. However, domestic ore shortages have intensified after mine shutdowns and weak new project development. Meanwhile, China’s 2025 mining quota fell from the previous year.

Trade data reinforces that tightening pattern. Chinese exports of tungsten concentrate declined sharply in 2025, while Chinese imports rose strongly. That means even China is pulling in more raw material to support its own processing base. As a result, less material is reaching overseas buyers.

APT export licences have added another bottleneck. Western customers may secure limited licences, but actual shipment still depends on concentrate availability. That creates a second layer of uncertainty on top of already weak feedstock supply. Therefore, the tungsten concentrate shortage is now feeding directly into delayed APT deliveries and higher prices.

Consumers are also paying much more for feedstock. Payables for concentrate have risen sharply as buyers compete for scarce supply. That shift reflects a market where sellers hold stronger leverage and buyers have fewer alternatives. Consequently, procurement conditions are becoming more difficult even for experienced consumers.

Japan and Europe Face Growing Pressure as Recycling Lags Demand

Japan and Europe are now feeling the full pressure of the acute tungsten shortage. Europe faces critically tight APT availability because it depends heavily on Chinese supply and licensing. Japan faces similar pressure after new Chinese restrictions on dual-use exports added more uncertainty. Therefore, both regions are competing harder for a smaller pool of material.

Japan’s position is especially sensitive. The country has no domestic tungsten mining base and depends heavily on imported tungsten products. Buyers are now seeking tungsten-containing scrap, but that market is also tight. As a result, recycling cannot yet solve the immediate supply problem.

Recycling capacity may grow, but it will take time. Japan is expanding tungsten recycling capability in response to lower Chinese exports. However, significant new output will not arrive quickly. Meanwhile, downstream consumers still need metal today, not years from now.

This means the market will likely remain strained for some time. Concentrate shortages, limited export licences, and weak scrap availability are all reinforcing one another. Therefore, the acute tungsten shortage is likely to keep global tungsten prices elevated unless primary supply improves materially.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Tungsten is now showing how vulnerable specialty metal supply chains become when one country dominates both mining and exports. This market is not just tight. It is structurally exposed. Unless new western supply or faster recycling emerges, tungsten buyers may face prolonged price pressure and continued allocation risk.

China’s policies are reshaping the global tungsten market

International Tungsten Industry Association

China’s tightening controls are fundamentally reshaping the global tungsten market and forcing buyers to rethink supply strategies. The global tungsten market now faces record prices, acute shortages outside China and rising geopolitical risk. As a result, investors and consumers across the global tungsten market are reassessing where to source and where to deploy capital.

China’s export controls on ammonium paratungstate (APT) and tungsten trioxide have sharply reduced export availability. At the same time, China’s surging appetite for tungsten concentrates has deepened shortages in Europe and other consuming regions. Therefore, tungsten prices have climbed to record levels in both APT and concentrate markets.

Meanwhile, import data show that China has become an aggressive buyer of concentrates, with first-half 2025 imports up 75pc year on year. This shift has pushed European and Japanese buyers to pursue alternative strategies, including buying concentrates instead of APT and intensifying recycling and non-Chinese partnerships.

Supply shock exposes vulnerabilities in the global tungsten market

China accounts for roughly 80pc of global APT supply and is now exporting far less material. Since Beijing expanded its export licence regime in February, APT exports dropped by 42pc in January-June 2025 versus a year earlier. Similarly, exports of tungsten trioxide fell by 76pc, leaving European consumers scrambling for units.

As a result, European APT prices have surged to fresh highs of $580–645/mtu duty unpaid Rotterdam. This represents a roughly 20pc increase since the start of the year and a jump from $550–600/mtu only days earlier. European tungsten concentrate prices have followed, rising to $500–520/dmtu in-warehouse Rotterdam, up nearly 30pc year on year.

Consequently, downstream consumers and midstream processors are re-engineering their sourcing models. Buyers are shifting from APT to concentrates where possible and are strengthening ties with alternative suppliers such as Vietnam. Meanwhile, Japanese buyers are boosting recycling rates and deepening co-operation with smelters in Germany and the US to reduce exposure to China.

However, traders find themselves squeezed as limited material flows directly to end users. Many trading houses are sidelined in spot activity and instead look to position themselves with long-term strategies and optionality. This structural shift underlines how fragile and concentrated current tungsten supply chains remain.

Uncertain outlook complicates investment in non-Chinese tungsten projects

On paper, today’s high prices and tightness strongly support new western tungsten projects. Yet equity and debt investors remain wary about whether current conditions in the global tungsten market are durable. Many tungsten mining projects are years from production, and investors fear that a shift in Chinese policy could quickly loosen fundamentals.

Geopolitics further clouds the investment case. The evolving US-China trade conflict and Europe’s position “in the middle” both influence tungsten flows but do not offer clear long-term signals. The US is accelerating efforts to secure domestic supply and support new mines, while Europe is also expected to attract investment as it seeks strategic autonomy. Still, long-term policy direction remains uncertain.

At the same time, Chinese producers stress that tightness reflects genuine domestic demand, not a short-term export tactic. China’s industrial strategy has moved from low-cost manufacturing toward high-value sectors such as photovoltaics. Forecasts suggest tungsten-wire demand from the PV sector could grow 40–50pc annually over the next five years, requiring around 8,000t of tungsten by 2027.

Therefore, it appears unlikely that China will import large volumes of concentrates only to flood European markets later. While China clearly has the ability to do so, conference participants see that scenario as implausible given the strength of its internal consumption. For now, the base case is high but stabilising prices, with the next few months likely to shape long-term procurement and investment decisions.

The Metalnomist Commentary

China’s gradual pivot from “world’s tungsten factory” to voracious downstream consumer is forcing a structural repricing of risk. For miners and financiers outside China, the challenge is to move before the window closes, yet not overbuild into a market still governed by Beijing’s policy choices. Buyers who secure diversified, traceable tungsten supply now may find that this period of pain ultimately buys them strategic resilience.

Tungsten Offtake Deal Strengthens EQ Resources’ Role in Tight Western Supply Chains

EQ Resources

Tungsten offtake deal activity is accelerating as Western buyers seek secure supply in a market facing concentrate shortages and sharp price increases. EQ Resources binding agreement with Traxys highlights how tungsten has moved from a niche industrial metal into a strategic supply-chain concern for Europe, North America, and advanced manufacturing sectors.

The Australian producer will sell 3,500 t/yr of tungsten oxide in concentrate to Traxys for five years. Pricing will follow ammonium paratungstate indexes, giving the agreement direct exposure to a market that has rallied sharply over the past year. EQ Resources estimates the deal at A$678mn, or about $479mn.

The tungsten offtake deal also includes a €15mn prepayment that will support refinancing of EQR’s Saloro mining complex in Spain. This matters because European tungsten supply has become increasingly important as buyers face limited concentrate availability and rising concerns over Chinese export restrictions on downstream tungsten products.

Traxys Agreement Supports Saloro Financing and Market Access

The Traxys agreement gives EQ Resources a stronger commercial platform for its tungsten output. Offtake deals are especially important in tight specialty metal markets because they can support financing, improve customer visibility, and reduce marketing risk for producers.

Saloro remains a key asset in this strategy. The Spanish operation gives EQR exposure to European tungsten production at a time when the region is trying to strengthen local and allied supply chains. However, Saloro’s production fell by 13pc year on year in July-September because of declining ore grades, showing that asset optimisation remains critical.

EQR used the quarter to improve ore processing and concentrator plants at Saloro. These upgrades are important because tungsten concentrate supply is not only about mine ownership. It also depends on recovery performance, grade management, processing efficiency, and the ability to deliver consistent concentrate quality into long-term contracts.

Tungsten Price Rally Raises Strategic Value of Concentrate Supply

The tungsten offtake deal comes during an exceptional rally in ammonium paratungstate prices. Super Metal Price assessed tungsten APT at $1,700–1,900/mtu in-warehouse Rotterdam, up by about 390pc from a year earlier. That surge reflects a critical shortage of tungsten concentrates in Europe and tighter availability of downstream tungsten products.

Chinese export restrictions have added pressure to the market. Tungsten is essential for cutting tools, hard metals, defence systems, mining equipment, aerospace components, and high-temperature industrial applications. Any disruption in concentrate or intermediate product availability can quickly affect manufacturing supply chains.

EQR has already built a wider offtake base. The company previously agreed to supply tungsten concentrate to Asian, North American, and European producers, and also signed a five-year offtake deal with US producer Elmet Technologies. The Traxys agreement strengthens that pattern and reinforces EQ Resources’ position as a relevant non-Chinese tungsten supplier.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Tungsten is becoming a clear example of how specialty metals can move from overlooked inputs to strategic bottlenecks. The Traxys-EQR deal shows that secure concentrate access, financing, and processing reliability now matter as much as headline mine capacity.

Japan tungsten recycling expansion accelerates after China export controls

the International Tungsten Industry Association(ITIA)

Japan tungsten recycling expansion is now central to the country’s response to China’s new export controls. Japan has no domestic tungsten mines and historically relied on Chinese APT and cemented carbide imports. As a result, Japan tungsten recycling expansion is becoming the primary lever to secure supply and stabilise its hard-metal value chain. Japan tungsten recycling expansion also reflects a broader shift toward circularity and strategic raw material resilience.

Scrap flows highlight the scale of Japan tungsten recycling expansion

Japan is ramping tungsten scrap utilisation to compensate for lower Chinese export volumes. The country generates 3,500–4,000t of tungsten scrap annually, with about half recycled domestically and half exported. However, Japan also imports 500–1,000t of scrap each year, underscoring its dependence on global recycling networks.

China’s export controls on APT and cemented carbide have sharply reduced shipments into Japan. No other producing country has fully offset this loss, creating a structural shortfall in virgin tungsten materials. Therefore, Japanese industry is pushing harder to capture and process scrap from cutting tools and hard-metal components.

Scrap exports to overseas processors have also surged as part of this adjustment. From April to June, Japan exported 865t of tungsten scrap, double the previous quarter. Much of this material goes to the US, Germany and Taiwan for conversion into tungsten carbide powder. Meanwhile, limited domestic processing capacity means Japan must then reimport refined powders or finished tools.

Japan lacks tungsten recycling capacity comparable to leading manufacturing countries such as Germany. Market participants agree that higher prices and strong scrap demand create a window to invest in domestic plants. Companies like Mitsubishi Materials and Sumitomo Group are intensifying recycling efforts, but significant capacity additions will take time to materialise.

Strategic impact of Japan tungsten recycling expansion on supply security

Japan tungsten recycling expansion carries important strategic implications beyond near-term supply balancing. By strengthening domestic scrap processing, Japan can reduce exposure to Chinese export policies over the medium term. At the same time, enhanced recycling supports national goals on circular economy and lower carbon metal supply.

Industry leaders emphasise that Japan still needs a framework for constructive cooperation with China. However, they also stress that recycling will play a growing role in any long-term procurement strategy. As a result, Japan tungsten recycling expansion is viewed as both a defensive and forward-looking move. It protects critical industries today while aligning with future ESG requirements.

Higher tungsten prices and constrained primary supply should continue to incentivise investment in collection, sorting and processing infrastructure. Tool manufacturers and end-users will likely see tighter take-back schemes and more advanced recycling logistics. In five to ten years, today’s disruption may be remembered as the catalyst that forced Japan to build a more robust, diversified tungsten procurement system.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Japan’s response to China’s tungsten export controls shows how quickly advanced manufacturing economies can pivot toward recycling when supply shocks hit. If current investment momentum holds, Japan could evolve from a largely import-dependent buyer into a more balanced scrap-and-powder hub. Market participants should watch where new recycling plants are sited and how quickly domestic processing capacity closes the gap with Germany and other leaders.

Xianglu Expands Tungsten Wire Production in China

Tungsten Wire

Surge in Tungsten Wire Output

China’s Xianglu Tungsten has significantly expanded its production of super-fine tungsten wire at its Chaozhou facility in Guangdong province. The plant is now producing 500mn meters of wire per month, targeting an annual capacity of 30bn meters that was first outlined in September 2023. This rapid scale-up underscores Xianglu’s growing role as a leading supplier of downstream tungsten products.

The expansion has already impacted the company’s financial results. Revenues for January–March rose 4.2% year on year to 481mn yuan ($66.9mn). More notably, revenue from the tungsten wire segment surged sevenfold, though the company did not disclose the exact figure. Demand is being driven by the photovoltaic sector, where fine tungsten wire is used as a cutting tool for silicon wafer slicing.

Market Impact and Price Influence

Tungsten wires totaling 100mn meters typically consume about 4t of tungsten concentrate, highlighting Xianglu’s role as a major consumer of feedstock. Alongside peers Xiamen Tungsten and Zhangyuan Tungsten, Xianglu’s bi-monthly bidding prices significantly influence spot tungsten markets. Collectively, term contracts from these firms account for 60–70% of China’s tungsten feedstock demand, according to industry estimates.

In June, Xianglu raised its bid prices to Yn171,000/t for 50% wolframite concentrate and Yn251,000/t for APT, reflecting increases of Yn8,500/t and Yn9,500/t respectively. Xiamen Tungsten also lifted APT bids to Yn250,000/t, reinforcing an upward trend in feedstock prices. These price moves suggest sustained strength in demand, even as downstream industries navigate broader economic pressures.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Xianglu’s tungsten wire expansion highlights the intersection of renewable energy growth and raw material demand. As photovoltaic installations surge, tungsten’s strategic role is intensifying. With pricing power concentrated in a few Chinese firms, global buyers remain highly exposed to policy, energy, and cost dynamics within China’s tungsten industry.

China Tungsten Exports Resume in Europe with Limited Volumes

China Tungsten

China tungsten exports restarted in European markets for the first time since February stoppages, though shipment volumes remain constrained at maximum 1 tonne per delivery. The resumption of China tungsten exports follows months of supply disruption caused by Chinese export controls announced February 4th, creating acute shortages for US and European buyers dependent on tungsten ingots for defense and industrial applications.

Small-Scale Shipments Signal Cautious Market Re-entry

China tungsten exports currently originate primarily from smaller state-owned manufacturers rather than major producers. Market sources report receiving new shipments in Rotterdam while additional material remains in transit to European destinations. However, volumes stay extremely limited compared to pre-control periods, reflecting continued regulatory uncertainty and cautious export policies from Chinese suppliers.

Meanwhile, delivery timelines extend significantly with current orders potentially shipping in July for immediate purchases. Traders quote current prices at $56 per kilogram on a cost-insurance-freight basis, representing substantial increases from historical levels. The extended lead times demonstrate supply chain disruptions that persist despite the resumption of limited export activities.

Export Controls Create Ongoing Market Uncertainty

However, tungsten metal products face complex regulatory environments despite not appearing on initial dual-use licensing lists. While other tungsten products required explicit export licenses from February 4th, tungsten ingots experienced de facto export halts through administrative restrictions. This regulatory ambiguity creates persistent uncertainty for international buyers seeking reliable supply sources.

Therefore, US and European buyers continue struggling to secure sufficient alternative tungsten sources outside Chinese production. The global tungsten market's dependence on Chinese suppliers becomes evident through months of supply shortages following export control implementation. Alternative sourcing efforts prove inadequate for meeting industrial demand requirements across defense and manufacturing sectors.

Tight European Market Maintains Price Pressure

Furthermore, European tungsten markets remain extremely tight with minimal warehouse inventory available for immediate delivery. Limited stock levels mean small resumptions in Chinese exports cannot immediately relieve price pressures or supply constraints. Market participants describe conditions as "total lottery" scenarios where securing tungsten ingots depends largely on timing and supplier relationships.

As a result, prompt tungsten prices maintain elevated levels despite the resumption of small-scale Chinese shipments. The constrained supply environment supports premium pricing while buyers compete for limited available material. Industrial consumers face continued procurement challenges that affect production planning and cost structures across tungsten-dependent manufacturing sectors.

The Metalnomist Commentary

China's limited tungsten export resumption highlights the persistent vulnerability of global supply chains dependent on single-source suppliers for critical materials, particularly when geopolitical tensions influence trade policies. The constrained volumes and regulatory uncertainty demonstrate how export controls can fundamentally reshape commodity markets, forcing Western buyers to reassess supply security strategies for defense-critical materials like tungsten.

Japan Tungsten Plant to Cut Sumitomo Electric’s Reliance on China

Sumitomo Electric

Japan tungsten plant investment by Sumitomo Electric Industries will expand domestic tungsten powder capacity and strengthen Japan’s critical mineral supply chain. The company plans to build a new facility in Toyama city with about ¥15.9bn, or $100mn, in investment.

The new plant will be operated by group company Allied Material and is scheduled to start operations in the first half of fiscal 2028. Sumitomo Electric said the project will expand its tungsten supply capacity by around 50%.

Japan tungsten plant development matters because tungsten is essential for cemented carbide cutting tools, semiconductors, electronic components and advanced industrial manufacturing. The investment also reflects Tokyo’s wider effort to reduce exposure to China-dominated critical material supply chains.

Tungsten Powder Capacity Supports High-End Manufacturing

The Toyama facility will expand production capacity for tungsten powder near Sumitomo Electric’s existing plant. The company has not yet disclosed the precise capacity of the new line.

Tungsten powder is a key input for cemented carbide tools used in metal cutting and precision machining. These tools support automotive, aerospace, electronics, machinery and industrial equipment production.

The material also has strategic relevance in semiconductors and electronic components. This makes tungsten more than a tooling metal; it is part of the materials base behind advanced manufacturing and technology supply chains.

Japan Backs Domestic Recycling and Supply Security

The Japanese government will cover about ¥7.5bn of the investment through a subsidy aimed at securing critical mineral supply chains. This public support shows that tungsten is now treated as a strategic industrial material.

Global tungsten supply remains heavily dependent on China. Sumitomo Electric said it currently relies on China for about 30% of its tungsten imports.

The new Japan tungsten plant will help the company strengthen its domestic recycling system and gradually reduce that dependence. Recycling will be especially important because secondary tungsten can improve supply resilience without relying only on new mined material.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Sumitomo Electric’s investment shows that tungsten security is becoming a manufacturing competitiveness issue. Japan is not only adding capacity; it is building a recycling-backed buffer for cutting tools, semiconductors and advanced components.

ReElement tungsten deal deepens US–Uzbek strategic metals ties

Tungsten

The ReElement tungsten deal creates a new supply route for high-purity tungsten into the US market. Under the agreement, American Resources (AREC) will source tungsten concentrate from Uzbek miner TMK for refining by ReElement and other US processors. This structure supports US efforts to secure critical minerals outside traditional supply hubs.

The partnership positions the ReElement tungsten deal at the intersection of upstream mining and advanced refining technologies. TMK will provide concentrate while ReElement applies its refining capabilities to deliver high-purity tungsten products. As a result, US manufacturers in aerospace, defense, energy and hard-metal tooling gain an alternative source for one of the most strategic refractory metals.

Critically, the ReElement tungsten deal aligns with broader US policy to diversify supply chains. Tungsten remains vital for armor-piercing munitions, cutting tools and high-temperature alloys. Therefore, long-term, multi-party collaborations like this one can reduce exposure to geopolitical risk and price shocks in tungsten markets.

Beyond tungsten: pathway to germanium, lithium and rare earths

The agreement also lays groundwork for future cooperation in germanium, lithium and rare earth elements. ReElement has signalled that the ReElement tungsten deal is only the first step in a wider strategic partnership with TMK and Uzbekistan. This could eventually extend into a multi-metal platform for critical minerals.

Germanium and rare earth elements are central to semiconductors, optics and permanent magnets, while lithium underpins global battery supply chains. By starting with tungsten and then expanding scope, the parties can test logistics, quality and financing frameworks before scaling into other sensitive metals. As a result, this phased approach lowers execution risk while still supporting long-term diversification goals.

Uzbekistan trade deal provides political and financial tailwind

The ReElement tungsten deal also benefits from a supportive diplomatic backdrop. The US and Uzbekistan recently signed a broader trade and economic agreement, under which Tashkent plans to invest and purchase around $35bn in key US sectors over three years. This political framework should ease regulatory processes and encourage additional capital flows into mining and refining projects.

For Uzbekistan, TMK’s partnership with ReElement and AREC showcases its ambition to move deeper into global critical minerals supply chains. Meanwhile, US stakeholders gain access to new Central Asian resources without fully depending on legacy suppliers. If successfully implemented, the partnership could become a model for similar deal structures across other critical minerals.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This agreement illustrates how mid-tier refiners like ReElement are becoming pivotal in rewiring critical mineral supply chains. Starting with tungsten, the partnership could mature into a broader multi-metal bridge between US technology sectors and Central Asian resources. Market participants should watch how quickly the parties move from concentrate shipments to scalable, multi-metal offtake platforms.

Blue Moon tungsten project revives Nevada’s Springer critical metals hub

Blue Moon Metals

Blue Moon tungsten project ambitions are advancing with the planned acquisition of Nevada’s historic Springer mine and mill. The Blue Moon tungsten project will give the Canadian producer a ready-built processing base in Pershing County, focused on high-grade tungsten. As a result, the Blue Moon tungsten project positions the company inside the US critical minerals value chain at a time of rising strategic demand.

Blue Moon tungsten project anchors US strategic tungsten capacity

The Springer mine holds an indicated resource of 355,000t at 0.537pc tungsten trioxide. This grade underpins the Blue Moon tungsten project and offers meaningful scale for a niche metal. However, the strategic value extends far beyond ore tonnage, because the site already includes a tungsten-focused processing circuit.

The existing mill can process about 1,200 t/d of tungsten concentrates and ammonium paratungstate (APT). Therefore, the Blue Moon tungsten project inherits not only ore but also midstream capability, shortening the development timeline. In a tight tungsten market, having integrated mine and APT capacity in Nevada strengthens US supply security.

Springer mill opens multi-metal pathway for Blue Moon

The Springer mill can be modified to treat other critical metals, creating optionality for Blue Moon. The company has flagged its Blue Moon zinc-copper mine in California as a potential feedstock source. As a result, Springer could evolve into a regional hub for underground critical metals mines in the western US.

By paying $500,000 for exclusive rights, Blue Moon secured a low-cost entry into an existing asset base. Meanwhile, the ability to adapt the mill for multiple products could improve project economics and risk diversification. This flexibility will matter if tungsten prices fluctuate or if demand for other critical metals accelerates.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Turning Springer into a multi-metal critical minerals hub would give Blue Moon leverage far beyond tungsten alone. The key question is whether the company can finance refurbishment and secure steady feedstock flows quickly enough to capture strategic premiums. If executed well, this could become a template for repurposing legacy US assets into modern critical metals platforms.

Tungsten Market Faces Disruptions as China Imposes Export Controls on APT

Ammonium Paratungstate

The recent announcement by China to place ammonium para-tungstate (APT) and tungsten concentrate under strict export controls has sparked significant price increases in the European market. As buyers scramble to secure material, European consumers are seeking to build "safety stocks" to ensure supply continuity amid the uncertainty surrounding these export restrictions.

China's Export Controls Create Supply Chain Concerns

China's decision to add APT and tungsten concentrate to its list of dual-use items has left global tungsten buyers on edge. With this new regulation, Chinese suppliers have hesitated to provide fresh price quotes, waiting for clearer instructions and permits from the Chinese government. This delay in pricing is expected to persist for around 45 days, further exacerbating concerns in the tungsten market.

As the export controls limit available material, European and Japanese markets are expected to feel the greatest impact. While U.S. buyers primarily rely on tungsten scrap for their needs, prices for this resource are also expected to rise due to the overall global tightness in tungsten supply. European buyers are particularly active in sourcing material outside of China, not due to increased demand, but to secure stock ahead of anticipated supply disruptions.

Verification of End-Use Creates Delays and Bottlenecks

The new export regulations require Chinese exporters to notify authorities of the final end-user and application of the tungsten products, adding another layer of complexity to the supply chain. The verification process, which ensures that the material isn't being used for military purposes, is expected to create significant delays. With approximately 70% of Japan's tungsten imports coming from China, these controls are likely to disrupt the Japanese market the most. The European Union also faces similar challenges, with imports from China making up a substantial portion of its tungstate needs.

Impact on Global Markets and Price Forecasts

While the Chinese export restrictions are expected to drive prices up, particularly in Europe and Japan, the full impact remains uncertain. Tungsten is crucial for a variety of industrial applications, with APT serving as the intermediate material for producing tungsten oxides and powders. However, with limited available stock and supply chain disruptions, some market participants worry that the price increases could become more drastic.

The situation has drawn comparisons to China's antimony export delays, which have significantly disrupted the European market and caused prices to surge. The tungsten market may face similar challenges as supply becomes even more constrained, with both APT and tungsten concentrate prices continuing to climb.

Conclusion: A Fragile Market with Rising Prices

As the global tungsten market grapples with China's export controls, prices for APT and tungsten concentrates are likely to remain volatile. The duration and enforcement of these new controls will determine the severity of the price hikes, and the market will need time to adjust to the changing dynamics. With Europe and Japan facing the most significant challenges, the tungsten supply chain will need to adapt to avoid further disruption.

Tungsten West Requires $93M to Restart Hemerdon Mine Amid Supply Crunch

Tungsten West

UK Miner Seeks Financing as Global Tungsten Prices Surge

Tungsten West requires $93M to restart Hemerdon mine, targeting a 2026 relaunch amid tightening global tungsten supplies. The UK-based company detailed its plans to recommence production at the Hemerdon site in Devon, home to the world’s third-largest tungsten deposit. The total estimated cost excludes financing charges, with the company aiming to secure funding by the end of 2025.

Tungsten West is currently in talks with government-backed agencies in the UK, US, and EU, alongside specialist mining investors, tungsten intermediaries, and end-users. The mine is projected to produce 332,000 metric tonne units (mtu) of tungsten trioxide and 462 tonnes of tin annually over an initial 11-year span, with an additional four years of processing stockpiled material. Although the project was originally slated to restart in 2021, inflation and permitting delays pushed the timeline back.

Supply Shortages and Chinese Export Restrictions Drive Urgency

The decision comes amid tightening global tungsten supply, with prices sharply rising in response to falling inventories and limited Chinese exports. Since February, Beijing has expanded export licence requirements, further restricting global access to tungsten. As a result, European tungsten concentrate prices surged this week to $330–350/dmtu, up over 30% from January’s $260–270/dmtu levels—marking the highest since the benchmark’s inception in 2017.

Meanwhile, European APT prices climbed to $410–430/dmtu, with critically low stockpiles exacerbating upward pressure. As Tungsten West requires $93M to restart Hemerdon mine, the company positions itself as a vital alternative source for downstream consumers increasingly exposed to price volatility and supply chain risk.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Tungsten West’s financing push is timely and strategically critical. With China tightening control over exports and European inventories dwindling, the Hemerdon mine could become a cornerstone in rebalancing Western tungsten supply chains—if capital is secured before market constraints worsen.

Pioneer Minerals Springfield Tungsten Project Targets US Critical Minerals Supply

Pioneer Minerals

Pioneer Minerals Springfield tungsten project development has advanced after the Australian critical minerals explorer signed a non-binding MOU with Mineral Technologies to assess tungsten processing in Idaho. The agreement will evaluate whether tungsten concentrate can be commercially produced from ore and tailings at the site.

The Pioneer Minerals Springfield tungsten project could offer a near-term staged pathway to production if processing tests confirm viable recovery. The work will focus on technical programmes designed to assess mineral processing, concentrate quality and project development potential.

The Pioneer Minerals Springfield tungsten project is strategically relevant because US tungsten supply has tightened following Chinese export controls introduced in February 2025. Tungsten remains essential for defense, aerospace, electronics, cutting tools, hard metals and other high-performance industrial applications.

Tungsten Processing Tests Could Unlock Ore and Tailings Value

Pioneer Minerals and Mineral Technologies will assess the feasibility of producing tungsten concentrate from both ore and tailings at Springfield. This approach could improve project economics by recovering value from previously mined or stockpiled material.

Tailings recovery is especially important in critical minerals because it can reduce development timelines, lower mining intensity and make use of material already available at the site. If successful, it could support a faster route to domestic tungsten supply than a conventional greenfield mine.

The companies will also evaluate gallium mineralisation and potential recovery at the site. Gallium adds strategic value because it is used in semiconductors, optics, defense systems and advanced electronics, while non-China supply remains limited.

China Controls Raise US Tungsten Security Concerns

China remains the dominant tungsten producer, accounting for about 79% of global mined output in 2025. Its export controls, combined with declining ore grades, have increased pressure on US supply chains.

The US Geological Survey has identified tungsten as essential for economic and national security, and the metal remains on the US critical minerals list. This status could strengthen the case for government support as Pioneer prepares funding applications for domestic critical mineral production.

Pioneer’s plan fits Washington’s broader effort to rebuild critical minerals capacity through mining, processing, recycling and advanced materials projects. The main challenge will be converting technical studies into a reliable concentrate supply route that can meet industrial and defense specifications.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Pioneer’s Springfield project shows how tungsten security is becoming a processing and recovery challenge, not only a mining issue. If ore, tailings and gallium recovery can be integrated, the site could become a small but strategically useful addition to the US critical minerals chain.

Almonty Tungsten Revenue Stable at C$7.9 Million Despite US Relocation Costs

Almonty

Almonty tungsten revenue increased modestly by 1% to C$7.9 million in Q1 despite significant relocation expenses related to US incorporation. The Canadian tungsten miner's Almonty tungsten operations demonstrated resilience with mining income rising 24% to C$752,000, primarily driven by increased production at the Panasqueira mine in Portugal while managing substantial corporate restructuring costs.

Production Growth Offsets Corporate Restructuring Impact

Almonty tungsten mining operations delivered improved operational performance despite challenging circumstances. Income from mining activities increased 24% to C$752,000, reflecting enhanced production efficiency at the company's Portuguese Panasqueira facility. However, operating expenses more than doubled from C$4.3 million to C$9.5 million, primarily due to costs associated with the US incorporation process.

Meanwhile, the company reported a substantial C$34.6 million loss compared to C$3.8 million in 2024, largely attributed to non-cash losses from equity value changes during US incorporation. Almonty initiated this strategic relocation in January to enhance competitiveness in global tungsten and molybdenum markets, positioning itself closer to key North American defense contractors and technology companies.

Sangdong Project Drives Future Growth Expectations

However, Almonty tungsten prospects improve significantly with the approaching Sangdong project production in South Korea. The company secured a comprehensive offtake agreement in January, selling 100% of Sangdong Molybdenum project output to South Korean ferro-molybdenum producer SeAH. This strategic partnership provides guaranteed revenue streams and eliminates marketing risks for the high-grade molybdenum operation.

Therefore, the Sangdong facility represents a transformative asset for Almonty's production portfolio and revenue diversification strategy. South Korea's established metals processing infrastructure and SeAH's long-term commitment create optimal conditions for sustained project success. The molybdenum market's strong fundamentals support premium pricing for high-quality concentrate production.

Defense Applications Strengthen Market Position

Furthermore, Almonty secured critical defense sector contracts that demonstrate tungsten's strategic importance. The company signed a binding three-year agreement with Tungsten Parts Wyoming (TPW) to supply 40 metric tonnes monthly of tungsten oxide for defense applications. This contract provides stable revenue streams while supporting US national security supply chain objectives.

As a result, tungsten demand continues expanding in defense and technology sectors due to the metal's exceptional properties. Tungsten carbide applications in cutting tools leverage the material's high melting point and hardness for machining operations. Growing defense spending and advanced manufacturing requirements create sustained demand for reliable tungsten suppliers like Almonty.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Almonty's strategic US relocation, despite near-term costs, positions the company advantageously for North American defense and technology market access while the Sangdong project provides substantial production growth potential. The combination of established Portuguese operations, emerging South Korean molybdenum production, and secured US defense contracts creates a diversified revenue base supporting long-term tungsten market leadership.

Haisheng to Build Advanced Tungsten Plant in Thailand Amid Growing Global Demand

Ganzhou Haisheng

Ganzhou Haisheng, a leading Chinese tungsten producer, has received local government approval to construct a state-of-the-art tungsten processing plant in Thailand. The facility, with a total investment of 180 million yuan ($25 million), underscores China's strategic move to expand its tungsten production capacity beyond domestic borders.

The planned plant boasts an impressive production lineup, including:

•  3,000 t/yr of ammonium paratungstate (APT)
•  2,000 t/yr of tungsten powder
•  1,200 t/yr of tungsten carbide
•  400 t/yr of tungsten bar
•  300 t/yr of cemented carbide

While the exact completion and production dates remain unconfirmed, the project represents a significant milestone for Haisheng, known for its comprehensive production lines in China spanning from ore processing to downstream products like powders, metals, and wires.

Strategic Expansion Amid Trade Tensions

This development comes as Chinese tungsten exporters face increasing challenges due to trade conflicts with the United States. Since the US imposed a 25% tariff on Chinese tungsten products in September, Chinese exports have declined. Data from January to August reveals a 12% year-on-year drop, with exports totaling 11,718 tons of tungsten metal equivalent.

In response, Chinese tungsten producers are exploring overseas projects to mitigate the impact of trade barriers and diversify their markets. Haisheng's Thailand facility could serve as a model for other producers aiming to navigate geopolitical uncertainties while meeting rising global demand for tungsten, a critical material in electronics, aerospace, and industrial tooling.

A Boon for Thailand’s Economy

Thailand stands to benefit economically and technologically from Haisheng's investment. The new plant could bolster the country's industrial capacity, create jobs, and attract further foreign direct investment in the metals sector.

Conclusion

Haisheng’s move to establish a tungsten plant in Thailand highlights a pivotal shift in the global tungsten supply chain. As geopolitical pressures reshape trade dynamics, Chinese producers like Haisheng are strategically positioning themselves to remain competitive in the evolving global metals market.

Almonty Montana tungsten project strengthens US critical minerals supply

Almonty Industries

Almonty Montana tungsten project will strengthen US tungsten supply as the company acquires Gentung Browns Lake in Montana. The asset ranks among the most advanced undeveloped US tungsten projects, according to Almonty Industries. As a result, the deal positions Almonty as a key North American tungsten concentrate supplier.

Strategic acquisition terms and project timeline

Almonty Industries will acquire Gentung Browns Lake for $9.75mn in a combined cash and share transaction. The package includes $750,000 in cash and $9mn in Almonty shares, aligning seller incentives with long-term project success. However, the relatively modest entry cost underscores the value upside if tungsten prices tighten.

Almonty expects production at the Almonty Montana tungsten project could begin as early as the second half of 2026. This timing would place new US tungsten output into the market amid ongoing concerns about Chinese supply dominance. Therefore, the project fits broader US and allied efforts to diversify strategic metals sourcing.

Permits, infrastructure and processing advantages

The acquisition also includes plant permits, water rights and tungsten processing equipment from a Montana-based operator. These assets shorten the development timeline and can lower initial capital intensity for the Almonty Montana tungsten project. Meanwhile, existing permits reduce early-stage regulatory risk, always a critical factor for US mining projects.

Almonty plans to use the acquired equipment to process ore from Gentung Browns Lake once mining starts. Integrating permits, water rights and processing infrastructure allows a more streamlined ramp-up path. As a result, the project can move faster from feasibility work to cash-generating tungsten concentrate production.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This move confirms Almonty’s strategy to build a multi-asset tungsten portfolio anchored in OECD jurisdictions. For the US, incremental output from Montana will not replace Chinese supply, but it will matter for defense and high-performance alloy chains. Investors should watch how Almonty sequences capex and offtake deals as tungsten regains attention as a strategic metal.

EU Tungsten Prices Surge Amid Tight Supply and China Export Controls

EU Tungsten Scrap

Export Restrictions and Low Inventories Drive Up Tungsten Prices in Europe

European tungsten prices have surged to multi-year highs due to restricted supply, dwindling inventories, and newly imposed Chinese export controls. The Focus Keyphrase "EU tungsten prices" has gained attention from global buyers navigating a market reshaped by policy shifts and geopolitical uncertainty.

European tungsten concentrate prices are now $310–320/dmtu in Rotterdam warehouses, up from $260–270/dmtu in early January — the highest level since the index’s launch in 2017. This price rally stems from low inventories and tightening global supply, particularly as China has lowered its tungsten mining quota and extended export licensing to include more products.

Western Buyers Lock in Long-Term Contracts Amid Risk

Western buyers are responding to this supply disruption by securing multi-year offtake deals. According to Australia-based producer EQ Resources, these contracts often include large prepayments to hedge against delays in Chinese export licence approvals.

Meanwhile, the defense sector's growing demand for tungsten is driving further contract activity. Almonty Industries, for instance, has signed a multi-year agreement to supply tungsten oxide to U.S.-based TPW for military applications. These agreements underscore the metal's strategic importance and the urgency among buyers to secure long-term supply.

However, some traders question how long the upward momentum can last. While markets like Vietnam remain willing to pay premium prices, others find current rates difficult to accept.

APT Prices Rise as Chinese Controls Disrupt Market

The price of ammonium paratungstate (APT), a key tungsten intermediate, has also spiked. European APT prices now range between $395–405/dmtu, a 20% increase since January and the highest since 2013. China’s restrictions have further worsened European availability, leading to extremely low warehouse stock levels.

As a workaround, some buyers have started importing ammonium tungstate (ATM), which is not currently subject to export controls. Although ATM cannot be converted into oxide, it is usable in limited applications. Industry sources caution that ATM could be restricted if the trade environment worsens.

Adding to the cost pressure, concentrate payables have jumped to 80–85% of APT price, up from the typical 70%, reflecting the sharp increase in feedstock costs.

The Metalnomist Commentary

EU tungsten prices are being reshaped not just by market forces, but by geopolitics. With China tightening control over its critical minerals, Western buyers are being pushed into a new era of strategic procurement. As APT and concentrate prices continue to climb, Europe’s reliance on Chinese tungsten remains a vulnerability — one that may prompt diversification strategies and renewed investment in local supply chains.

EQ Resources Secures Global Offtake Deals Amid Tightening Tungsten Supply

EQ Resources

Australia's Leading Tungsten Producer Signs 9,400t Supply Contracts Across Asia, North America, and Europe

EQ Resources Expands Global Tungsten Reach

Australian-listed tungsten producer EQ Resources (EQR) has signed five major offtake agreements totaling 9,400 tonnes of 50% grade tungsten concentrate over two years. These deals span key markets, with 50% of the material going to Asia, and the remaining split evenly between North America and Europe.

EQR did not name the buyers but confirmed on 19 March that they are all leading manufacturers in the tungsten industry. These strategic agreements will bolster EQR’s global footprint at a time of mounting supply chain risks.

EQR Adds Value with Ferro-Tungsten Production

This is not EQR’s first offtake success. In September 2024, the company secured a five-year supply contract with Elmet Technologies, a US-based manufacturer. Additionally, EQR acquired Tungsten Metals in November 2024, gaining control of a 4,000 t/yr ferro-tungsten facility. This vertical integration enhances EQR’s ability to deliver processed tungsten alloys directly to customers.

These moves come as China, the world’s largest tungsten supplier, introduced export restrictions in February in response to rising US tariffs. EQR’s ability to secure multi-region supply deals highlights its growing strategic importance outside China’s tungsten ecosystem.

Almonty Tungsten Oxide Supply for US Defense Strengthens Critical Mineral Chain

Tungsten Parts Wyoming

Strategic Agreement Secures Domestic Defense Supply

Almonty Industries has signed a binding deal to supply tungsten oxide for US defense programs through Tungsten Parts Wyoming (TPW). The agreement ensures a monthly minimum of 40t of tungsten oxide for three years, reinforcing North America's critical mineral security. The agreement includes a hard price floor and automatic annual renewal, though pricing details remain undisclosed.

Multi-National Processing and Supply Chain

TPW will send the tungsten oxide to Metal Tech, an Israeli processor, for conversion into tungsten metal powder. Processing will occur in Israel or the US, after which the powder will feed into TPW’s products used in US military programs. These include tungsten super shot, blasting media, and specialized components for defense-grade applications.

Sandong Mine to Anchor Long-Term Supply

Tungsten oxide deliveries will begin once Almonty launches commercial-scale output from its Sandong mine in South Korea. The mine targets 2.3mn t/yr of oxide in its first phase, with nearly half committed to US-based Global Tungsten & Powders. Almonty also signed an offtake agreement with South Korea’s SeAH for all molybdenum output from the same project.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This deal marks a critical step toward onshoring and diversifying tungsten supply chains for US defense. As geopolitical risks mount, multi-national processing and guaranteed offtakes offer essential redundancy and resilience.

China Increases Tungsten Mining Quotas for 2024: A Strategic Move Amid Tightening Supply

Chinese Tungsten

The Chinese government has officially raised its tungsten mining quotas for 2024, marking another year of strategic resource management. According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, the new quota is set at 114,000 tons of tungsten trioxide (WO3) equivalent, up from 111,000 tons in 2023. This increase follows previous increments from 109,000 tons in 2022 and 108,000 tons in 2021, highlighting China's ongoing efforts to control and optimize its critical mineral resources.

Key Distribution Across Provinces

The updated quotas have been distributed across 15 provinces, with Jiangxi province—home to the leading producer Jiangxi Tungsten—receiving the largest allocation of 40,300 tons. This represents 35% of the total national quota. Hunan province, another significant region in China’s tungsten production landscape, was allocated 30,000 tons, up from 27,300 tons in 2023 and 26,100 tons in 2022, comprising 26% of the total quota.

The Importance of Quota System

China introduced the tungsten production quota system in 2002 to safeguard its valuable resources. Despite the quotas, actual production has often exceeded these limits. For example, China produced 117,109 tons of tungsten in 2023, 127,300 tons in 2022, and 138,900 tons in 2021, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. However, the gap between quotas and actual production has been narrowing, partly due to the frequent closures of smaller mining operations driven by stringent environmental policies and rising production costs.

Impact on Tungsten Supply and Prices

The tightening supply of tungsten concentrate, exacerbated by the depletion of high-grade resources and the shutdowns of smaller mines, has led to a steady increase in tungsten prices. Nevertheless, the downstream demand from the manufacturing sector, which is the primary consumer of tungsten, remains moderate. This is largely due to ongoing uncertainties in global economic growth, which continue to impact the broader market dynamics.