Rhenium Deficit Persists, Boosting Recycling Prospects

Rhenium Recycling

Rhenium, a rare metal critical for aerospace, medical, and catalyst applications, is facing a growing supply deficit, driving prices to new highs. As demand continues to surge, particularly from the aerospace and medical sectors, the need for rhenium is expected to increase further, creating a shortage that could significantly impact long-term contracts and stockpiles. The rising costs and limited supply of primary rhenium have prompted a renewed focus on recycling, with many buyers turning to secondary sources to secure supplies.

Strong Demand Drives Price Surge

Over the past few months, rhenium prices have seen a sharp rise, with strong demand from aerospace and medical applications leading the charge. From late June to early September 2024, prices surged in major markets including the U.S., Europe, and China. Although prices have stabilized recently, consumers, especially in the aerospace sector, are becoming more concerned with availability rather than the spot price. Rhenium producers have reported depleted stockpiles, exacerbating the ongoing supply squeeze.

A major contributing factor to the shortage has been the dramatic increase in Chinese rhenium imports, with China importing over 26 tons of rhenium from Chile in 2023—about one-third of the world’s annual output. This surge is linked to China’s efforts to boost its aviation engine technology and reduce dependence on foreign suppliers for both civil and military aircraft.

Medical Sector Adds to Growing Demand

Rhenium’s role in medical implants has also become a significant driver of demand. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of the molybdenum-rhenium (Mo-50Re) alloy in medical implants in August 2024, marking a breakthrough that could replace cobalt-chromium and titanium-based materials in various implants. The medical sector’s rhenium demand is expected to range from 10 to 20 tons over the next two years, further tightening the already constrained supply. While the medical market in China remains uncertain, the country’s growing consumption in this field could add pressure to global supply chains.

Supply Constraints and the Need for Recycling

Rhenium’s supply is highly inelastic, meaning it cannot quickly adjust to changes in demand. The metal is primarily extracted as a by-product of copper and molybdenum sulphide concentrates, and its production process is complex and costly. As a result, it is difficult to ramp up production quickly in response to spikes in demand, and with long-term contracts already accounting for most of the world’s rhenium output, spot sales are limited.

With limited primary supply available, many consumers in the aerospace and medical sectors are now turning to secondary materials. Rhenium recycling has emerged as a viable solution in an environment of rising prices. According to James Peer, director of Maritime House, recycling serves as a natural hedge in a market with an unreliable primary supply. Dandy Roh, CEO of DongASpecialMetal, also confirmed that with prices on the rise, recycling is becoming increasingly attractive.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reported that approximately 25,000 kg of secondary rhenium was produced worldwide in 2023, reflecting growing interest in recycled material. However, despite the potential for recycling to ease supply pressures, there is no direct substitute for rhenium in many of its critical applications, particularly in superalloys and catalysts. This lack of alternatives compounds the challenges posed by the supply crunch.

Future Outlook: Higher Prices and Potential Substitutes

Given the continued supply constraints, rhenium prices are expected to rise further. However, prices would need to increase significantly before end-users consider switching to substitute materials. While alternatives such as gallium, germanium, and indium are being evaluated for use in rhenium catalysts, they are not yet seen as viable substitutes in superalloys. Consequently, the increasing demand for rhenium across various sectors suggests that the metal’s value will continue to rise, reinforcing the case for recycling as a key strategy to mitigate supply risks.

As rhenium prices continue to climb, recycling will likely play an essential role in meeting the growing demand, providing a necessary hedge for industries dependent on this critical metal.

New Medical Device Demand to Disrupt Rhenium Market

Spinal Implants

MoRe Alloys Spark Medical Breakthroughs

New demand for rhenium in medical applications is poised to reshape the global rhenium market. Historically driven by superalloys used in aerospace engines, rhenium is now being adopted for advanced medical devices. Molybdenum-rhenium (MoRe) alloys, particularly Mo50 Re, have recently gained US FDA approval for use in spinal implants and cardiovascular stents.

Several devices using MoRe alloys have entered the US market in the past 18 months, signaling a structural demand shift. According to the MMTA conference in Lisbon, these devices could soon rival aerospace in total rhenium consumption. MiRus, a leader in MoRe medical technology, has already received multiple FDA clearances for spine and structural heart treatments.

Global Supply Faces New Pressures

China, now the top importer of rhenium from Chile’s Molymet, has ramped up consumption for its growing aerospace sector. In 2023, China imported 26 tonnes of Chilean rhenium, a dramatic increase from just 2 tonnes in 2018. Traditionally, the US aerospace industry dominated rhenium imports, accounting for 75% of global demand.

However, experts warned that aerospace users must now compete with the fast-growing medical sector. Medical-grade MoRe alloys offer superior strength, fatigue resistance, and biocompatibility. Unlike nickel, cobalt, or chromium implants, MoRe devices do not trigger allergic reactions and have shown zero breakage in trials.

Long-Term Outlook Points to Tight Supply

Rhenium's unique properties are driving innovation in smaller, fatigue-resistant implants. Titan International noted MoRe-based implants offer greater durability and precision in surgeries. As global populations age, demand for reliable orthopedic and cardiovascular devices is expected to surge.

Yet supply growth remains constrained. With no major new rhenium mines and declining grades in copper-molybdenum ores, primary output is projected to stay flat. Speakers forecast that elevated prices could eventually stimulate recycling, but short-term supply pressure remains a key concern.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rhenium’s shift from jet turbines to spinal implants underscores how material science breakthroughs can reshape strategic metals markets. With Chinese aerospace demand rising and MoRe alloys entering the medical mainstream, the global rhenium balance may tighten further. This evolution highlights the urgent need for recycling solutions and diversified sourcing strategies in the decade ahead.

Chile's Molymet to Begin Production of Highly Spherical Rhenium and Molybdenum Powders for Advanced Industries

Chile's Molymet, a leading global supplier of rhenium, is set to begin producing highly spherical rhenium and molybdenum powders this month, targeting advanced industries such as aerospace and medical sectors.

Molymet announced that it will start the production of spherical refractory powders, which are crucial in additive manufacturing processes like 3D printing. These powders are particularly valuable for industries that require high precision and specialized materials, including aerospace and medical applications.

The production will be facilitated by a plasma spheroidization system, which successfully completed its trial phase in July. This advanced system is capable of producing 1-1.2 tons of powder annually. Given that the global rhenium market is estimated at 45-70 tons per year, including secondary materials, Molymet's contribution is significant.

Molybdenum powder, which will also be produced, plays a vital role in alloying, electronics, coatings, welding, and the fabrication of specialty metals. Rhenium powder, on the other hand, is a key additive in tungsten alloys and nickel-based super-alloys. It is also critical in the production of semi-finished products like anode plates used in medical equipment.

Molymet, which controls 70% of the global rhenium supply, highlighted the increasing application of rhenium in new fields. Rhenium's biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion make it suitable for use in medical implants, pacemakers, joint prostheses, and X-ray machines. Despite these expanding applications, 70% of rhenium production remains dedicated to the aerospace industry, particularly for jet engines and gas turbines.

The rising demand from the aerospace and medical sectors, coupled with tight supply, has driven a sharp increase in rhenium prices since June.

Riverspan United Titanium acquisition targets growth in titanium fasteners

United Titanium

The Riverspan United Titanium acquisition signals fresh private equity interest in specialty metal fasteners. The Riverspan United Titanium acquisition gives the Ohio-based titanium fastener maker new strategic, operational and financial backing. As a result, the Riverspan United Titanium acquisition positions the company to chase market share and accelerate product development across high-spec end markets.

Riverspan United Titanium acquisition brings new capital and scale ambitions

The deal sees Chicago-based private equity firm Riverspan Partners acquire United Titanium for an undisclosed sum. United Titanium produces fasteners from titanium, zirconium and other specialty metals for demanding applications. Therefore, Riverspan’s capital and management support should help expand capacity, shorten lead times and deepen customer coverage.

Riverspan says it will provide “strategic, operational and financial support” to United Titanium. This language typically implies investments in manufacturing systems, sales channels and possibly bolt-on acquisitions. However, success will depend on balancing growth initiatives with the strict quality controls required in aerospace, medical and defense supply chains.

Titanium fastener specialist positioned across critical end markets

United Titanium’s product portfolio spans bolts, screws, nuts, washers, fittings and custom machined parts. It also supplies mill products in a range of titanium and zirconium alloys. This breadth gives the Riverspan United Titanium acquisition exposure to multiple high-value sectors.

Key end markets include defense, commercial aerospace, medical devices and broader industrial applications. Meanwhile, secular trends such as aircraft lightweighting, corrosion-resistant chemical equipment and high-performance medical implants all favour titanium fasteners. Therefore, United Titanium sits at the intersection of critical materials and regulated, long-cycle industries.

By adding private equity backing, the Riverspan United Titanium acquisition could support investments in new alloys, coatings and digital traceability. These upgrades would help meet tightening specifications from OEMs and regulators, while improving differentiation against lower-cost commodity fastener producers.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This transaction underlines how specialist titanium and zirconium fastener makers are attracting focused private equity capital. If Riverspan can scale United Titanium without diluting quality, the platform could become a more aggressive consolidator in niche aerospace and medical fasteners. Market participants should watch for capacity expansions, new certifications and potential M&A moves that signal the next phase of this growth story.

Carpenter Technology's 4Q Alloy Profits More Than Double

Carpenter Technology, a Pennsylvania-based alloy producer, has reported a substantial increase in profits for the fourth fiscal quarter, driven by robust sales in aerospace, defense, and medical-end use markets. The company's profits surged to $93.6 million, more than doubling from $38.4 million in the same period last year. Sales rose to $798.7 million from $758.1 million a year earlier.

Aerospace and defense sales soared by 28% to $376.3 million, excluding surcharge revenues, while medical-end use market sales jumped 38% to $91.7 million. However, industrial and consumer sales declined by 15.4% to $82.8 million, and transportation sales dropped 32.2% to $26.6 million.

Carpenter sold 57.2 million pounds of specialty alloys, a decrease of 7.3% from 61.5 million pounds a year earlier. Despite this, specialty alloy sales rose by 16.2% to $715.8 million. Performance engineered product volumes were down by 15.3% to 2.9 million pounds, but segment sales increased by 8.2% to $111.2 million.

For the fiscal year 2024, Carpenter posted $2.8 billion in sales and $186.5 million in profits, compared to $2.6 billion in sales and $56.4 million in profits in 2023. The aerospace, defense, and medical-end markets were the company's top performers.

Looking ahead, Carpenter expects strong results in the first quarter of 2025 due to increased productivity, product mix improvements, and pricing actions.

BTI titanium production start in 2026 reshapes Gulf titanium supply

Bahrain Titanium Factory Contract

Bahrain Titanium(BTI) titanium production start in 2026 moves closer as construction begins in Bahrain. The Interlink Metals unit reset the timeline from mid-2025 to early 2026. Stage one will produce 4,000 t/yr of CP slabs and 1,500 t/yr of 6Al-4V ingots. The BTI titanium production start in 2026 aims to supply industrial customers across the Gulf.

Stage one scope and target markets

BTI designed stage one to serve hard-wearing industrial systems. The mix covers chemical processing, desalination, marine, and power generation. As a result, CP slabs and grade-5 ingots should anchor reliable regional supply. Downstream users expect shorter lead times and reduced import risk.

Stage two, offtake, and feedstock strategy

BTI plans stage two to add billets and forgings with up to 10,000 t/yr capacity. Therefore, the company can target aerospace, medical, and defence demand. Letters of intent support early volumes from Interlink’s legacy Ukrainian customers. Meanwhile, the AMIC–Toho Titanium sponge LOI in Saudi Arabia remains active. BTI may also use Chinese sponge for non-critical industrial applications.

BTI is test-melting on a ferro-titanium furnace to widen its product slate. It is installing processing and crushing lines to feed that unit. Consequently, ferro-titanium production is slated to begin later this year. Bahrain’s US free-trade agreement further supports market access amid trade uncertainty.

BTI titanium production start in 2026 could rebalance Middle East titanium flows. The program introduces new slab and ingot capacity near end-markets. Moreover, the staged plan de-risks ramp-up while broadening alloy forms.

The Metalnomist Commentary

BTI’s sequencing is pragmatic: industrial first, certification-heavy segments later. Feedstock optionality across Saudi and China reduces sponge risk. Execution now hinges on qualifying forgings for aerospace and medical end-use.

SUPER METAL PRICE Launches 'The Metals Grade Atlas' eBook: A Definitive Handbook for the Specialty Metals Industry

eBook: 'The Metals Grade Atlas'

An 815-page authoritative guide to titanium, nickel, and iron alloys sets a new global standard in advanced materials selection.

SUPER METAL PRICE, a global intelligence platform specializing in metals markets, has officially released The Metals Grade Atlas, a comprehensive digital reference for high-performance specialty metals used in modern industries.

A Complete Guidebook for Extreme Industrial Conditions in the 21st Century

This 815-page volume presents a systematic overview of materials engineered to withstand extreme environments, including aerospace, power generation, chemical processing, medical devices, and offshore platforms.

The Metals Grade Atlas provides essential data for materials capable of enduring ultra-high temperatures, corrosion, and mechanical stress—such as jet turbine blades operating above 1000°C, or gas turbines in power plants that function under thermal extremes exceeding 1200°C.

Covering the Full Spectrum of Titanium, Nickel, and Iron Alloys

The publication categorizes cutting-edge alloys into three key material families:

◎ Titanium Alloys – Lightweight and corrosion-resistant innovations

• Core material in aerospace applications for airframes, engine components, and landing gear
• Exceptional strength-to-weight ratio enhances fuel efficiency and payload
• Proven durability in chloride- and H₂S-rich offshore environments
• High biocompatibility and long-term stability for medical implants

◎ Nickel-based Superalloys – Designed to conquer extreme temperatures

• Resilient beyond 1200°C with excellent thermal and mechanical stability
• Ideal for turbine blades, combustors, and disks in power generation systems
• High resistance to creep, oxidation, and thermal cycling in jet engine hot zones
• Key material in high-temperature petrochemical reactors and heat exchangers

◎ Special Iron Alloys – The structural backbone of industrial infrastructure

• High-strength steels for shipbuilding, construction, automotive, and renewable energy
• Covers a wide range from ultra-high-strength to abrasion-resistant grades
• Enhanced fatigue performance and weldability in marine applications
• Delivers both weight reduction and crash safety in automotive structures
• Specialized grades for wind turbine towers and heavy-duty bearings

A Practical Data Library for Industry Professionals

Each alloy in The Metals Grade Atlas includes:

• Chemical composition and mechanical properties
• Corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance
• Fatigue strength and weldability indexes
• Real-world application examples and selection criteria
• Cost-performance considerations to support design decisions

Supporting Engineering Decision-Making

Going beyond material specifications, the book offers a structured framework for material selection in actual engineering practice. It assists professionals in benchmarking, processability assessment, and cost-performance analysis to guide optimal alloy choices.

A Strategic Companion for Industrial Innovation

SUPER METAL PRICE stated, "We sincerely hope this publication becomes a trusted and indispensable reference for design engineers, material scientists, and quality professionals striving to make precise, performance-driven, and economically sound material decisions."

The company further emphasized, "This book aims to serve as a compass for understanding, developing, and applying advanced metals in the pursuit of next-generation industrial innovation."

Global Market Insights and Future Outlook

With net-zero targets and energy transitions accelerating worldwide, demand for high-performance specialty metals is rising sharply. Policies such as the EU’s CBAM and the U.S. IRA have further highlighted the strategic value of specialty alloys. Industry experts have praised The Metals Grade Atlas as a long-awaited professional handbook that offers both comprehensive coverage and practical utility in the field.

Publication Details

• Title: The Metals Grade Atlas (eBook)
• Publisher: SUPER METAL PRICE
• Release Date: June 1, 2025
• Language: English
• File Size: 12.9MB
• Length: 815 pages

Available at: www.supermetalprice.com

About SUPER METAL PRICE

SUPER METAL PRICE is a global intelligence platform delivering in-depth analysis and real-time news on the metal markets. Its coverage spans steel, non-ferrous metals, rare earths, and energy-transition materials, with expert insights into pricing trends, tariffs, trade policies, and technical innovations across major regions including the U.S., Europe, China, and India.

Following The Metals Grade Atlas, the company plans to expand its specialty metals portfolio with future publications, including a Rare Earth Handbook and a Recycling Technology Guide.

Contact

Website: www.supermetalprice.com

eBook Purchase: Visit the digital download page

This press release is based on publicly available information from SUPER METAL PRICE.

Carpenter Technologies Sees Strong Fiscal Performance and Continued Aerospace Demand Amid Market Uncertainty

Carpenter Technologies

Carpenter Technologies Exceeds Profit Expectations

Carpenter Technologies, a leading specialty alloy producer based in Pennsylvania, has reported strong fiscal performance, with annual earnings expected to reach the high end of the company's previous guidance. This positive outlook is attributed to improved productivity, optimization of product mix, and strong demand in its first fiscal quarter, which ended on September 30.

The company now projects its operating profits for the fiscal year ending June 2025 to trend close to the maximum of its guidance range of $460 million to $500 million, following a notable increase in quarterly shipments.

Q1 Shipment Growth and Strong Demand in Aerospace

In the first quarter, Carpenter shipped 51.57 million pounds of products, a slight increase from 50.23 million pounds during the same period last year. Shipments from its Specialty Alloys Operations (SAO) rose by just under 1%, reaching 50.1 million pounds. However, its Performance Engineered Products (PEP) segment experienced a robust 15% increase, with shipments reaching 2.6 million pounds, driven by high demand for titanium solutions.

The company’s overall backlog has also increased to $2 billion, reflecting the ongoing uncertainties in the aerospace market. Despite this, Carpenter Technologies remains optimistic about the long-term macroeconomic demand for aerospace materials, particularly titanium, which continues to fuel growth in the aerospace and defense sectors.

Positive Sales Growth in Aerospace and Defense

Carpenter's Specialty Alloys Operations (SAO) segment reported a 22% increase in sales to $645 million compared to the same period last year. Sales in the aerospace and defense sectors specifically saw a 34% boost, rising to $350 million from $261 million in 2023. The aerospace and defense sectors now represent nearly 49% of Carpenter's total sales, up from 40% a year ago.

In addition to aerospace and defense, the medical and energy markets also contributed to the company’s growth. While sales in the transportation, industrial, consumer, and distribution sectors declined, gains in medical and energy-related markets helped offset these losses.

Carpenter Technologies Reports Strong Quarterly Profits

Carpenter Technologies posted quarterly profits of $84.8 million, up significantly from $43.9 million in the same quarter of the previous year. This was achieved on revenues of $718 million, a notable increase from $652 million in Q1 of 2023.

With continued strong demand in aerospace, defense, and energy sectors, along with effective management of its product mix and production schedule, Carpenter Technologies remains well-positioned for strong performance in the upcoming quarters.

Carpenter aerospace demand set to rise as 737 MAX cap increases

Carpenter Technology

Carpenter aerospace demand is poised to rise after the FAA lifted Boeing’s 737 MAX production cap. The higher build rate strengthens Carpenter aerospace demand across key jet engine and structural alloy grades. As a result, Carpenter aerospace demand should underpin a multi-year earnings and investment cycle for the specialty alloy producer.

737 MAX ramp unlocks stronger Carpenter aerospace demand

The FAA’s decision to raise the 737 MAX cap from 38 to 42 aircraft per month is a clear upside signal. Carpenter’s chief executive Tony Thene said the change is “a very significant positive” as customers move quickly to increase orders. Higher narrowbody build rates translate directly into more demand for nickel and titanium-rich alloys used in engines and critical structures.

Aerospace and defense already dominate the company’s revenue mix and will amplify Carpenter aerospace demand further. In the fiscal first quarter, aerospace and defense sales rose 11pc to $388.3mn and accounted for 64pc of total revenue. Bookings in the segment jumped 23pc quarter on quarter, supported by five large long-term agreements that lock in alloy volumes over several years.

Beyond aerospace, energy, industrial and consumer markets also contributed to growth, even as medical and transportation softened. Energy sales rose 8pc year on year to $42.5mn and industrial and consumer revenue increased 4pc to $75mn. These diversified end markets help stabilize earnings while Carpenter aerospace demand remains the main engine for margin expansion.

Melt capacity expansion supports multi-year aerospace growth

Carpenter plans to expand both primary and secondary melt capacity through brownfield projects. The company expects these investments to complete in 2027 and says work remains on budget and on schedule. Additional melting capacity will help relieve bottlenecks in high-value specialty alloys required by jet engine and defense customers.

Specialty alloys shipments fell 11pc year on year to 44.8mn lbs, highlighting current capacity tightness and product mix optimization. However, overall profit still surged 44pc to $122.5mn, showing the pricing power of aerospace-grade alloys. As new melt capacity comes online, Carpenter aerospace demand can convert more directly into volume growth rather than just price and mix gains.

Management continues to emphasize a “strong, multi-year outlook” for aerospace, defense, medical and power generation markets. The 737 MAX ramp, together with broader fleet renewal and engine upgrade programs, should keep Carpenter aerospace demand elevated well beyond this year. The company is positioning its footprint to support higher OEM build rates and long-term aftermarket needs.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Carpenter aerospace demand illustrates how incremental changes in OEM build caps can cascade through the alloy supply chain. The 737 MAX increase looks small in monthly units, but it drives multi-year demand for complex nickel and titanium-based products. For metals suppliers, the combination of locked-in contracts, melt expansion and tight aerospace specifications points to sustained pricing power, even if some industrial segments lag.

Titanium Prices Hold as Inventory Drawdown Limits Spot Buying

Titanium

Titanium prices held steady in Europe and the US over the past month as mills, forgers and OEMs continued to rely on inventories instead of placing larger new orders. The market remained under pressure from surplus melt capacity and slower demand for standard-quality titanium used in airframe structures.

US 6Al 4V ingot prices stayed at $10-10.75/lb fob domestic producer, with some spot purchases still taking place near $10/lb. Mills kept offers broadly stable below $11/lb, although at least one producer quoted above that level for larger orders.

Titanium prices also remained flat in Europe, with 6Al 4V ingot assessed at $19.50-21.50/kg du Rotterdam. Forgers continued to work through high inventories of mill products before committing to new intermediate material purchases.

Aerospace Inventory Drawdown Keeps Pressure on Standard Titanium

Aerospace demand remained uneven as Boeing and Airbus continued inventory drawdowns. This primarily affected standard-quality titanium used in airframe structures, where consumption has been slower than in higher-specification applications.

Surplus melt capacity kept pressure on ingot prices. Market participants said lead times for basic Grade 5 ingot were around eight to 10 weeks, while some producers could likely deliver within six weeks if pushed.

Demand was stronger in premium-quality ingot for engine applications. Defence and medical markets also showed pockets of resilience, giving titanium producers some support outside standard aerospace structures.

Sponge and Commercially Pure Titanium Markets Stay Stable

Titanium sponge contract prices also remained stable. TG100 grade sponge long-term contract prices were assessed at $11-12/kg du Rotterdam in March, in line with standing 2026 contracts.

Saudi Arabian producer ATTM continued to operate normally, despite wider Middle East conflict risks and disruption around the Strait of Hormuz. The conflict has affected regional freight routes and disrupted some metals supply chains, but no direct titanium sponge impact was reported.

Commercially pure titanium ingot prices were also unchanged. CP Grade 1 ingot held at $12-14/kg cif main port, while CP Grade 2 ingot stayed at $11.10-12/kg cif main port.

Buyers avoided finalising new contracts as they focused on reducing stocks. However, inventory clearing remains difficult because lower-cost Chinese material continues to compete aggressively in downstream industrial markets.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Titanium prices are stable, but the market is not yet strong. The real divide is between standard aerospace titanium, where inventories still weigh on demand, and premium-quality, defence and medical applications, where strategic consumption remains firmer.

China’s Titanium Sponge Exports Double as Global Supply Tightens

China Titanium Sponge

China's titanium sponge exports surged 104% in 1H 2025 to 3,586t. China's titanium sponge exports filled supply gaps from Russia and Ukraine disruptions. China's titanium sponge exports now anchor aerospace-grade feedstock for global mills.

Drivers and supply displacement

War halted Zaporozhe operations and cut output at VSMPO-Avisma and Solikamsk. Consequently, international buyers pivoted to Chinese sponge to secure critical inputs. Demand came from aerospace, medical devices, and mill products manufacturers. Tighter supply outside China supported new contracts and spot lifting.

June slowdown and shifting destinations

However, June exports fell to 446t, down 33% year on year. Shipments also fell 32% from May amid absent US buying. Taiwan received 120t; South Korea 100t; the Netherlands 60t. India took 40t, and Japan purchased 25t during the month.

Meanwhile, US demand remained weak under higher tariffs and softer mill activity. First-half US receipts dropped 80% to 123t. As a result, Chinese supply rebalanced toward Asian and European customers.

The Metalnomist Commentary

We expect contract buyers to hedge with multi-source sponge as tariffs evolve. Watch aerospace backlogs, Russian repairs, and US policy for price direction. Sustained US absence could deepen Asia-centric trade flows into 2026.

NioCorp Critical Minerals Project Secures $200 Million UK Financing

NioCorp

NioCorp critical minerals development received a major boost with up to $200 million in potential financing from UK Export Finance (UKEF). The NioCorp critical minerals project at Elk Creek in Nebraska will produce niobium, scandium, and titanium, addressing critical supply chain gaps as no US companies currently produce niobium or scandium domestically.

Strategic Partnership Advances US Critical Minerals Security

NioCorp critical minerals financing demonstrates international cooperation in securing essential materials for advanced manufacturing. UKEF expressed non-binding interest for the loan this week, contingent upon offtake agreements with UK companies for the project's output. The company has already engaged in discussions for scandium-based product agreements with potential British partners.

Meanwhile, the financing structure involves coordination with the US Export-Import Bank, creating a bilateral framework for critical minerals development. This partnership model reflects growing recognition that critical minerals supply chains require international collaboration to reduce dependence on single-source suppliers, particularly China.

Diverse Product Portfolio Targets High-Value Applications

However, the Elk Creek project addresses multiple critical mineral supply gaps across strategic industries. Niobium serves high-strength low-alloy steel production for automotive and structural applications, while scandium enhances aluminum alloys for aerospace manufacturing. Titanium finds applications in aerospace, defense, medical devices, and industrial pigments.

Therefore, NioCorp's integrated approach maximizes project economics by targeting multiple high-value end markets. The company also plans to extract rare earth elements from end-of-life rare earth magnets at the facility, creating additional revenue streams while supporting circular economy principles in critical minerals recovery.

Project Significance for Domestic Supply Chain Resilience

Furthermore, the Elk Creek facility addresses a critical vulnerability in US manufacturing supply chains. Currently, no American companies produce niobium or scandium domestically, creating dependencies on foreign suppliers for materials essential to aerospace, automotive, and defense industries. The project's development aligns with US government priorities for critical minerals supply chain security.

As a result, the UK financing arrangement demonstrates how allied nations can collaborate to strengthen collective supply chain resilience. The offtake requirement ensures British companies gain access to reliable critical minerals supplies while supporting American domestic production capabilities in strategically important materials.

The Metalnomist Commentary

NioCorp's potential $200 million UK financing arrangement exemplifies the evolving geopolitics of critical minerals development, where traditional export credit agencies support strategic resource projects beyond their borders. This bilateral approach to financing critical minerals infrastructure represents a pragmatic model for Western nations seeking to diversify supply chains away from Chinese dominance while creating mutually beneficial commercial relationships.

5N Plus Poised for Increased Tellurium Orders from First Solar Amid China Export Controls

5N Plus

US Solar Panel Giant May Boost Spot Demand as 5N Plus Expands Non-Chinese Supply and Space Solar Capacity

5N Plus Expects Surge in Tellurium Spot Sales from First Solar

Canadian semiconductor materials producer 5N Plus anticipates additional spot tellurium orders from US-based solar panel leader First Solar, as the latter moves to diversify its supply chain away from China. The shift comes after Beijing imposed new export controls on tellurium, following similar restrictions on gallium and germanium.

First Solar uses cadmium telluride (CdTe) in its thin-film solar panels and partners with 5N Plus to refine tellurium by-product sourced from Rio Tinto’s Kennecott mine in Utah. 5N Plus already has a minimum-volume supply agreement, which was increased by 50% for the next two years, effectively tripling the contract volume compared to 2022.

According to CEO Gervais Jacques, First Solar is “most likely to request more than the minimum,” signaling robust demand as the U.S. seeks to reduce reliance on Chinese critical minerals.

5N Plus Expands Non-Chinese Supply Chains and Space Solar Production

While First Solar evaluates potential disruptions from China’s export policy, 5N Plus has strengthened sourcing of key materials. It procures germanium from Europe and Canada, while maintaining a stable bismuth supply outside of China. These measures are part of a broader strategy to insulate the company from geopolitical supply risks.

Additionally, 5N Plus is scaling up its space solar division, which manufactures advanced germanium substrates used in high-efficiency satellite applications. These substrates are layered with materials such as AlInGaP, AlGaAs, and InGaAs. The company expects this business to grow by 30% in 2024, with capacity expansions ongoing through Q4.

Bismuth Chemicals to See Steady Demand from Health Sector

Beyond semiconductors, 5N Plus projects continued bismuth demand growth driven by pharmaceutical and healthcare markets, in line with global GDP trends. The company’s Lübeck, Germany facility is positioned to support this growth, supplying high-purity bismuth chemicals used in medical applications.

Phoenix Tailings Raises $76M to Launch First US Standalone Rare Earth Metals Plant

Phoenix Tailings

Phoenix Tailings rare earth plant to meet US defense demand

US-based startup Phoenix Tailings has raised $76 million in Series B funding to build a rare earth metals plant in New Hampshire. The Exeter facility will be the first standalone US rare earth refinery capable of producing finished metals directly from diverse feedstocks. Once fully operational, the site will have a 500t/yr production capacity—matching the entire annual demand of the US defense sector.

Exeter facility to refine key rare earth elements for magnet manufacturers

Initial output from the Phoenix Tailings rare earth plant will start this summer at 200t/yr, ramping up to 500t/yr in time. The facility will produce neodymium-praseodymium, ferro-dysprosium, dysprosium, and terbium—all essential for permanent magnets used in defense, electric vehicles, and medical devices. It will process feedstocks from mines, coal ash, recycling streams, and other industrial byproducts, offering flexible sourcing.

Global investors back strategic US supply chain expansion

The oversubscribed $76 million Series B round was led by Envisioning Partners of Korea and included Escape Velocity, Builders Vision, Yamaha Motor Ventures, M Power, and Sumitomo’s Presidio Ventures. This strong international investor support highlights the growing urgency to establish domestic rare earth supply chains. Phoenix Tailings already runs a 40t/yr commercial facility and sources concentrates from allied nations.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Phoenix Tailings rare earth plant represents a major step in reshoring critical mineral processing to the US. Its feedstock flexibility and defense-aligned production profile could reduce dependence on China’s REE dominance. This deal also shows that global capital is actively fueling secure and resilient rare earth value chains.

BaoTi titanium mill products cut as demand weakens in 1H25

BaoTi Titanium

BaoTi titanium mill products output fell as downstream demand cooled, and BaoTi titanium mill products sales also dropped on pricing pressure, pushing first-half revenue lower and squeezing margins despite operational discipline. BaoTi titanium mill products output declined by 4.3% to 16,633t and sales fell 11% to 15,843t as chemical and 3C demand softened, while operating revenue slid 21% to Yn2.967bn on weaker realized prices. Civilian segments underperformed as discretionary spending slowed, although aerospace demand provided only a limited offset in the mix and did not prevent margin compression.

Supply context and market balance

China’s upstream titanium cycle remained resilient, with national titanium ingot output rising 6% to 160,000t in 2024, marking a tenth straight annual increase and highlighting supply firmness. Ti-6Al-4V represented 46% of ingots, commercially pure grades accounted for 43%, and other alloys made up 11%, underscoring a tilt toward higher-spec applications even as some end markets cooled. Major mills produced 172,000t of titanium mill products in 2024, up 8.1% year on year, indicating that supply expansion continued into 2025 and intensified competitive pressure on pricing and product mix.

Outlook and strategic implications

BaoTi is likely to emphasize higher-spec and value-added grades to stabilize margins while weak chemical and 3C demand persists, and disciplined cost control with selective contracting could support cash generation near term. A tighter focus on aerospace, medical, and premium corrosion-resistant alloys may help offset softer civilian segments, but sustained national output growth and firm competitor utilization cap pricing power until demand normalizes.

The Metalnomist Commentary

BaoTi’s near-term lever is mix upgrade, not volume, given broad Chinese supply strength. Watch mill discipline, aerospace call-offs, and any recovery in chemical and 3C orders for the next margin inflection.

BaoTi titanium mill products cut as demand weakens in 1H25

BaoTi titanium

BaoTi titanium mill products output fell as downstream demand cooled, and BaoTi titanium mill products sales also dropped on pricing pressure, pushing first-half revenue lower and squeezing margins despite operational discipline. BaoTi titanium mill products output declined by 4.3% to 16,633t and sales fell 11% to 15,843t as chemical and 3C demand softened, while operating revenue slid 21% to Yn2.967bn on weaker realized prices. Civilian segments underperformed as discretionary spending slowed, although aerospace demand provided only a limited offset in the mix and did not prevent margin compression.

Supply context and market balance

China’s upstream titanium cycle remained resilient, with national titanium ingot output rising 6% to 160,000t in 2024, marking a tenth straight annual increase and highlighting supply firmness. Ti-6Al-4V represented 46% of ingots, commercially pure grades accounted for 43%, and other alloys made up 11%, underscoring a tilt toward higher-spec applications even as some end markets cooled. Major mills produced 172,000t of titanium mill products in 2024, up 8.1% year on year, indicating that supply expansion continued into 2025 and intensified competitive pressure on pricing and product mix.

Outlook and strategic implications

BaoTi is likely to emphasize higher-spec and value-added grades to stabilize margins while weak chemical and 3C demand persists, and disciplined cost control with selective contracting could support cash generation near term. A tighter focus on aerospace, medical, and premium corrosion-resistant alloys may help offset softer civilian segments, but sustained national output growth and firm competitor utilization cap pricing power until demand normalizes.

The Metalnomist Commentary

BaoTi’s near-term lever is mix upgrade, not volume, given broad Chinese supply strength. Watch mill discipline, aerospace call-offs, and any recovery in chemical and 3C orders for the next margin inflection.

Former President Trump Evacuated Following Shooting Incident During Rally; Assailant Deceased

On July 13th, during a campaign rally at the Butler Farm Show grounds in Pennsylvania, former U.S. President Donald Trump was rushed off stage after gunshots were fired nearby. Despite sustaining a minor injury to his right ear, Trump is reportedly in stable condition. The assailant, whose identity has not been disclosed, was confirmed dead at the scene.

At around 6:10 PM, as Trump was delivering his speech, gunfire was heard, prompting his security team to swiftly evacuate him. Trump briefly took cover beneath the podium before being escorted off stage. Witnesses reported seeing Trump raise a fist to his supporters as he was led away, with television footage showing blood near his ear.

The Washington Post confirmed that a bullet had grazed Trump's ear, causing a minor injury. Trump's campaign team later assured the public that he was in good health and undergoing examination at a local medical facility​.

The Secret Service released a statement confirming that protective measures were implemented immediately, ensuring Trump's safety. An investigation into the incident is currently underway, and further information will be disclosed as it becomes available​.

Carpenter Prioritizes Profit, Reduces Alloy Sales

Carpenter Technology

Carpenter Technology sold fewer alloys in its fiscal second quarter, focusing on higher-profit aerospace markets. This strategic shift led to nearly doubled profits despite reduced sales volumes.

Profit-Driven Sales Strategy Impacts Volumes

Alloy sales across all segments reached 46.2mn lb, down from 49.1mn lb year-on-year. The specialty alloys segment saw a 5.4mn lb decline, totaling 44.7mn lb. However, profits nearly doubled to $84.1mn. This reflects the company's focus on high-margin aerospace and medical products over lower-margin transportation and industrial products. CEO Tony Thene emphasized, "I am not trying to maximize tons. I'm trying to maximize profit." Aerospace sales rose to $334mn from $247mn, while other end-market sales declined.

Future Profit Growth and Capacity Utilization

Furthermore, Carpenter forecasts profits of $126mn-134mn for the fiscal third quarter, a 77pc year-on-year increase. This growth is expected from the performance engineered products segment, including Dynamet titanium, additives, Latrobe, and Mexican distribution. Carpenter plans to maintain 100pc capacity utilization, citing Boeing and Airbus build rate expectations. The company anticipates increased volumes over the next two years, driven by sustained aerospace demand.

China's Rising Titanium Sponge Export and the Future of Aerospace Supply Chains

China's Titanium Sponge

A Surplus That Could Fill a Global Gap

With certified titanium sponge supplies projected to hit a deficit in the next four years, China’s output capabilities become increasingly relevant. While traditional producers like Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Kazakhstan near full capacity, major aerospace companies such as Airbus and Safran are considering alternatives to mitigate supply risks. China produced 218,000 tons of titanium sponge in 2023, marking the ninth consecutive year of production growth, largely due to domestic oversupply, according to the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.

However, introducing Chinese sponge to critical applications is no simple task. Certification timelines for standard quality (SQ) and premium quality (PQ) sponge can extend from three to over five years. The long lead time is essential for parts such as disks and blades in commercial aero engines, where safety standards demand rigorous checks for oxygen and nitrogen contamination. “China’s significant production capabilities are promising, but certification processes and qualification timelines are a major barrier,” said Marty Pike, vice president of global commercial strategy at U.S. metals producer ATI, at a recent titanium industry event in Texas.

Geopolitical Concerns and Legislative Guardrails

While Airbus has signaled openness to exploring Chinese titanium sponge, the decision ultimately lies with engine manufacturers. Other industry leaders, however, cite concerns over potential sanctions that may result from China’s involvement, given rising Asia-Pacific tensions. Any U.S. or EU industries reliant on Chinese titanium sponge could face supply chain vulnerabilities if diplomatic relations falter.

U.S. imports of Chinese titanium sponge are rising despite tariffs, driven by cost pressures. The average price for Chinese imports to the U.S. is notably lower than that from Japan, even after duties, offering an attractive price point. A recent bill, the Securing America’s Titanium Act, seeks to balance this by waiving the standard 15% tariff on titanium sponge but maintaining a 25% tariff on Chinese imports. The proposed legislation also aims to monitor foreign influence over the U.S. supply chain, underscoring the careful stance lawmakers are taking toward titanium imports.

EU and Future Outlook

Europe's titanium sponge import dynamics are less transparent due to limited reporting and autonomous tariff suspensions. Unlike the U.S., EU markets face no duty on imports, making it an attractive market for Chinese exporters. While the aerospace sector remains cautious, other industries such as medical and industrial may more readily accept Chinese sponge as they seek cost-effective solutions.

As the titanium market evolves, balancing supply demands, certification processes, and geopolitical risks will shape the future of titanium sponge in aerospace, with China poised as a powerful, if complex, player in the unfolding narrative.

China's Titanium Sponge Production to See Significant Expansion Amid Demand Growth

China's Titanium Sponge

China's titanium sponge production capacity is set to experience a major boost, potentially reaching between 300,000 and 500,000 tonnes per year over the next three to five years, according to An Zhongsheng, secretary-general of the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association's titanium zirconium and hafnium branch (CNIA-Ti). This expansion is expected to be driven by increased demand across various sectors including aerospace, marine engineering, chemical production, computer, communication and consumer electronics (3C), daily necessities, and air conditioning, as reported at the China and CIS Titanium Industry Development Forum held in Xi'an, Shaanxi province.

Global civil aviation demand, recovering from the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, has put strain on aviation-grade titanium sponge supplies. An emphasized that while the aerospace industry is recovering, industrial sectors are propelling China's titanium market with consistent growth in recent years.

Currently, China's titanium sponge production capacity hovers around 300,000 tonnes per year. In the broader market, titanium's growing use in civilian products is anticipated to be a significant growth catalyst for the Chinese titanium industry.

Although global demand for titanium in the medical industry has surged, Chinese demand in this sector has been hampered by healthcare reforms promoting the use of cost-effective materials. Despite this, prices for titanium sponge are projected to remain relatively stable, enhancing its appeal across a range of applications. An Zhongsheng reassured industry stakeholders that China’s domestic supply of titanium sponge will meet future demands due to planned capacity expansions.

The anticipated rapid growth in titanium sponge production marks a transition for titanium from a rare metal to a more commonly used material, according to An. In the first half of this year, China produced 123,500 tonnes of titanium sponge, according to CNIA-Ti data.

Nevertheless, China continues to rely on imports for approximately 35-40% of its titanium ores and concentrates, reflecting its position in the global supply chain. Last year, global production of titanium ore and concentrate amounted to 8.75 million tonnes (t) of titanium dioxide equivalent, with China contributing 37%, followed by Mozambique (18%), South Africa (11%), and Canada (6%).

In the realm of titanium dioxide production, China led with 55% of global output in 2023, maintaining growth through domestic capacity expansions. Additionally, the world's titanium sponge production rose by 29% to 347,000 tonnes in 2023, with China’s output surging from a 25% share in 2022 to a dominant 63%. Russia, Japan, and Saudi Arabia also witnessed increases in their titanium sponge output, while Ukraine reported zero production.

For titanium mill products, global production in 2023 reached 248,000 tonnes, with China accounting for a commanding 64%, trailed by the United States (14%), Russia (13%), Japan (6%), and Europe (3%).