Strong Fundamentals to Support Niobium Columbite Prices in 2025

Columbite

The niobium columbite market has witnessed steady price growth over the past two years, driven by rising demand from the aerospace and defense sectors and supply constraints in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). While firm fundamentals are expected to support prices in 2025, further increases may face resistance from smelters shifting to ferro-niobium as a cost-effective alternative.

Aerospace and Defense Demand Driving Niobium Prices

Niobium plays a critical role in high-temperature alloys used in jet engines, hypersonic missiles, and satellite components, making it essential for the aerospace and defense industries.

• Global military spending surged to $2.4 trillion in 2023, a 6.8% increase from 2022, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

• Geopolitical tensions—including Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, escalating conflicts in the Middle East and Red Sea, and China’s increased military drills around Taiwan—have fueled higher defense budgets worldwide, supporting demand for niobium-based alloys.

One of the key niobium alloys, C-103, is composed of 89% niobium, 10% hafnium, and 1% titanium and is crucial in hypersonic missile technology, jet engine afterburners, and space applications. The US Department of Defense recently awarded a $26.4 million grant to Global Advanced Metals under the Defense Production Act program to boost high-purity niobium oxide production at its Pennsylvania plant, further reinforcing long-term demand.

Supply Constraints in Brazil and the DRC Impacting Columbite Prices

While demand-side factors have bolstered niobium prices, supply disruptions have also played a crucial role in the market’s upward trajectory.

• Brazilian niobium columbite supply tightened following President Lula da Silva’s crackdown on illegal mining in the Amazon. Although the primary focus has been on gold and zinc mining, industry participants have reported higher niobium columbite prices and supply disruptions since Lula’s election in 2022.

• Conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has led to reduced tantalite supply, which is a valuable alternative source of niobium for Chinese smelters. With tantalite shortages driving up prices, niobium concentrates have become even more expensive, exacerbating supply concerns.

As a result of these factors, columbite prices averaged $18.20/lb CIF main ports in 2024, significantly higher than the five-year average of $14.50/lb.

Price Outlook and Smelter Substitution Risk

While market fundamentals remain bullish, further niobium columbite price increases may face resistance as smelters consider switching to ferro-niobium to reduce costs. Historically, when columbite prices exceed $18/lb, Chinese smelters have shifted to ferro-niobium, capping price gains beyond that level. This pattern suggests that while prices are likely to remain firm in 2025, further spikes may be short-lived if substitution pressures increase.

Conclusion

With rising global defense spending, growing aerospace applications, and constrained supply from key producers, the niobium columbite market is well-positioned for continued price support in 2025. However, potential price resistance from Chinese smelters switching to ferro-niobium could limit further upside movement. As geopolitical tensions persist and global demand for high-performance alloys rises, niobium remains a critical material to watch in the strategic metals market.

US Ferro-Niobium Purchase From CBMM Strengthens Defense Stockpile Security

Ferro-Niobium

US ferro-niobium purchase plans will strengthen the national defense stockpile through a five-year fixed-price contract with Brazilian producer CBMM’s North American subsidiary. The US Defense Logistics Agency intends to buy vacuum-grade ferro-niobium worth as much as $160mn.

The DLA initially sought up to 1,288,082 lb, or 584.3t, of vacuum-grade ferro-niobium for stockpile use. The material is strategically important because it supports alloy systems used in aerospace, defense and energy applications.

US ferro-niobium purchase plans also highlight America’s dependence on Brazilian niobium supply. Brazil accounted for about 93% of global niobium production in 2025, making CBMM a central supplier in the global value chain.

Vacuum-Grade Ferro-Niobium Supports High-Performance Alloy Applications

Vacuum-grade ferro-niobium is used to produce advanced alloys for demanding industrial and defense environments. These alloys support high-temperature jet engine components, rotor blades and other critical aerospace applications.

The material’s role goes beyond ordinary steel strengthening. In aerospace and defense systems, niobium can improve high-temperature stability, strength and performance in specialized alloy systems.

That makes the DLA purchase strategically significant. Stockpiling vacuum-grade ferro-niobium helps reduce procurement risk for military and aerospace supply chains that depend on reliable access to specialty alloy inputs.

Brazil Remains Central to US Niobium Supply

The US ferro-niobium purchase reflects a highly concentrated supply chain. US customs data show that the country imported 548t of vacuum-grade ferro-niobium in 2025, all from Brazil.

This dependence makes long-term supply arrangements important. A fixed-price contract with CBMM can improve supply visibility and reduce exposure to market disruption, export bottlenecks or geopolitical uncertainty.

For CBMM, the deal reinforces its role as the dominant supplier of niobium products to strategic markets. For the US, it shows that critical mineral security depends not only on domestic mining, but also on trusted foreign suppliers and defense stockpile planning.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The DLA’s ferro-niobium procurement shows how niche alloying elements can become strategic defense materials. For aerospace and military supply chains, secure niobium access is a small-volume issue with high industrial consequence.

US Niobium Defense Stockpile Strengthened by $50mn GAM Contract

Global Advanced Metals

The US niobium defense stockpile is set for a major expansion under a new $50mn supply contract awarded to Global Advanced Metals (GAM). The five-year, fixed-price agreement with the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) covers up to 380,360lbs of niobium ingots for delivery to the Scotia Depot in New York. This move reinforces the US niobium defense stockpile at a time when Washington is accelerating efforts to secure critical minerals for advanced defense systems, aerospace components and high-performance alloys.

US niobium defense stockpile anchored by domestic production

The contract will see GAM produce niobium ingots at its Boyertown, Pennsylvania facility, anchoring the US niobium defense stockpile in domestic processing capability. This onshore production reduces exposure to geopolitical risk and supply disruptions from foreign sources. It also supports traceable, defense-grade quality standards important for superalloys, jet engines and advanced electronics.

In parallel, GAM has deepened its relationship with the US government through multiple awards. The company previously secured a $26.4mn award to produce niobium oxide and a separate five-year, fixed-price tantalum ingot contract worth up to $100mn. Together, these awards embed GAM at the core of US supply chains for niobium and tantalum, both on the US critical minerals list. As a result, the US niobium defense stockpile is increasingly backed by integrated tantalum and niobium capabilities within a single strategic supplier.

Critical minerals stockpile strategy widens beyond niobium

The DLA’s latest award fits into a broader push to expand US strategic reserves across a basket of critical minerals. Recent tenders and information requests have targeted antimony, cobalt, bismuth, high purity aluminum and scandium flake. This diversified approach recognises that modern defense platforms rely on complex material systems, not single metals. It also signals that niobium will sit alongside other critical inputs in a coordinated national stockpile strategy.

However, building a resilient US niobium defense stockpile will require long-term policy consistency and sustained funding beyond the current contract horizon. Fixed-price deals can stabilise budgeting but may compress margins if raw material costs rise. At the same time, capacity must scale in line with future demand from hypersonics, next-generation aircraft and power electronics. The latest GAM contract therefore looks like an important step, but not the final word, in US niobium security planning.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The GAM award underscores how quickly niobium has moved from a niche alloying element to a strategic pillar in US defense planning. By pairing niobium and tantalum contracts with broader stockpile tenders, Washington is quietly constructing a multi-metal buffer against future supply shocks. The next test will be whether parallel investments in mining, recycling and alloy R&D can keep pace with the Pentagon’s rising appetite for advanced materials.

China Discovers Major Niobium Deposit in Hubei, Aiming to Reduce Heavy Dependence on Brazilian Imports

China Niobium

New 2.5mn t Resource Could Transform Domestic Supply Chain, But Environmental and Cost Barriers Remain

Hubei’s Niobium Discovery Could Shift Global Trade Dynamics

China has uncovered a massive niobium oxide deposit totaling 2.538 million tonnes in Zhushan and Zhuxi counties of Hubei province, according to Hubei Daily. This single deposit could account for 54% of China’s total niobium reserves, potentially making Hubei the nation’s top niobium base.

Until now, China has detected 4.7 million tonnes of niobium resources, primarily in Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Shaanxi. However, the low grade and complex impurities of most domestic deposits have long hindered large-scale extraction, pushing China to rely heavily on imports of ferro-niobium.

China’s Heavy Reliance on Brazil for Ferro-Niobium Faces Challenge

In 2024, China imported 42,900 tonnes of ferro-niobium, up 9.7% year-on-year, with 96% sourced from Brazil—the global leader in ferro-niobium production. Notably, China accounted for 45% of Brazil’s total exports of the alloy last year.

The newly discovered Hubei resource, if economically viable, could significantly cut reliance on Brazilian supply. The Ministry of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, and Hubei government aim to extract at least 929,000 tonnes using advanced recovery technologies.

Supply Chain Tightness and Rising Prices Spur Strategic Moves

Tight global supply has kept niobium concentrate prices high, with 50% grade material reaching $19–20/lb cif in February 2024—a near three-year high, according to SUPERMETALPRICE. This price surge is fueled by booming demand in batteries and superalloys.

Chinese smelters have struggled to secure supply, turning to tantalite with higher niobium content or even ferro-tungsten from Brazil to produce niobium pentoxide. The Hubei discovery comes at a crucial time but faces environmental and cost-related challenges, which could limit short-term development.

US DoD Invests in Domestic Niobium Production to Secure Supply

The US Department of Defense (DoD)

The US Department of Defense (DoD) is taking significant steps to secure the domestic supply of niobium, a metal essential for defense and aerospace applications. In a strategic move to reduce reliance on imports, the DoD has awarded a $26.4 million grant to Global Advanced Metals (GAM) under the Defense Production Act Investments (DPAI) program. This funding will enable GAM to enhance production of high-purity niobium oxide at its Pennsylvania facility. The investment aligns with the National Defense Industrial Strategy, prioritizing the expansion of domestic production to mitigate supply chain risks.

Niobium's Role in Defense and Aerospace

Niobium, known for its high strength-to-weight ratio and refractory properties, plays a crucial role in aerospace components. Its lower density compared to other refractory metals makes it ideal for reducing mass in systems like jet engines, solid rocket motor skirts, and turbine nozzles. As China accelerates its development of hypersonic weapons, the US government has expressed concern about securing a reliable supply of niobium for applications in these advanced defense platforms.

The grant to GAM will also enable the company to refine its production processes, integrating new workflows that are expected to increase efficiency. As niobium oxide is currently predominantly sourced from Brazil, this move marks a critical step toward reducing US dependence on foreign sources.

America's Response to Global Competition

In addition to GAM's efforts, the DoD is also supporting projects aimed at enhancing the cost-efficiency of niobium-based materials. The Powder Alloy Development of Additive Manufacturing (PADAM) project, led by America Makes and financed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), is focused on improving niobium alloy production, particularly Nb C-103. This project seeks to expand the supply base while making niobium powder feedstocks more affordable and versatile for defense applications.

The increased focus on niobium highlights its importance in the defense sector, particularly as the US faces growing competition from nations like China, which is developing hypersonic missiles that rely heavily on niobium components. The success of these initiatives will not only secure the US niobium supply but also support the nation's defense systems for years to come.

Niobium Alloys for Space and Defense: Taniobis Sees Rising Demand

Taniobis

Niobium alloys for space and defense are entering a pivotal phase. Niobium alloys for space and defense now answer tougher thermal and mechanical requirements. As a result, niobium alloys for space and defense stand out across propulsion and protective systems.

Additive manufacturing unlocks complex niobium components

Taniobis says space and defense programs want materials that endure extreme heat and stress. The firm highlights growing use in reaction control and attitude thrusters.

Meanwhile, additive manufacturing now produces intricate parts directly from digital models. C-103 leads current adoption, with 89pc niobium, 10pc hafnium, and 1pc titanium. Engineers value C-103 for hot-gas exposure and repeated thermal cycling. However, programs still evaluate alternatives for higher temperature margins.

Pricing, alloy choices, and performance trade-offs

Columbite prices support the trend, rising with alloy demand. First-half averages reached $20.13/lb cif main airport. That level sits 31pc above the five-year average of $15.37/lb. Tight supply from central Africa also lifts pricing. Taniobis notes additional niobium options for harsh environments. FS-85 blends 61pc niobium, 28pc tantalum, 10pc tungsten, and 1pc zirconium. Cb-752 combines niobium with tungsten and zirconium. Both alloys suit additive routes and high heat flux zones. They withstand temperatures beyond nickel superalloys, which plateau near 1,050°C. Even so, FS-85 faces weight penalties versus C-103. Therefore, teams hesitate to shift away from a proven workhorse.

Clear use cases continue to expand across space systems. Thermal protection tiles and hot structures benefit from niobium alloys. Propulsion chambers and nozzle throats also gain durability and life. Program managers now balance mass, cost, and printability. They also weigh powder availability and qualification timelines. Taniobis expects more flight hardware as printing scales. Qualification depth will decide the pace of fleet adoption.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Niobium’s high-temperature window aligns with next-gen propulsion and hypersonic needs. Additive manufacturing lowers entry costs and speeds iteration. If columbite supply remains tight, buyers may diversify sources or lock multi-year contracts to manage risk.

Leclanché Introduces Niobium-Based Battery Cells for Industrial and Heavy-Duty EV Applications

Leclanché

Swiss energy storage company Leclanché is set to launch a new battery cell solution that leverages XNO, a niobium-based anode material developed by UK-based Echion Technologies. The XN50 battery cell will replace Leclanché’s current lithium titanium oxide (LTO) offering, with a focus on heavy-duty electric vehicles (EVs), rail, and marine applications.

The XN50 promises significant advancements over LTO cells, delivering 50% higher energy density and the ability to fast charge in under 10 minutes. Moreover, the niobium-based cells offer enhanced safety and performance, particularly in extreme weather conditions. These new cells will be available alongside Leclanché's existing nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries, which use graphite anodes. Leclanché has been producing LTO cells since 2012 and introduced NMC batteries in 2019.

Niobium’s Growing Role in Battery Technology

Niobium, traditionally used in steel alloys and defense applications, is now becoming a key material in battery and fuel cell technologies due to its high energy density. Echion’s XNO materials, developed from mixed niobium oxide compounds and microparticle designs, are sourced from Brazilian niobium producer CBMM. The XN50 is the first battery cell to incorporate XNO on a commercial scale, offering manufacturers a cutting-edge solution for industrial and mass transportation use. Additionally, Echion has signed a deal with Taiwanese battery manufacturer GUS Technology to supply XNO for heavy-duty EV battery production.

As demand for niobium-based anode materials continues to rise, Echion plans to open a 2,000 t/yr XNO manufacturing facility this year to supply major cell manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The versatility of niobium extends beyond batteries, with Canadian project developer NioBay Metals currently exploring niobium-titanium alloys for hydrogen fuel cells, presenting new market opportunities for niobium and titanium.

Neo to Secure Niobium Pentoxide Offtake from Globe Metals

Neo Performance Materials

Strategic Niobium Supply Deal Strengthens Neo’s European Operations

Neo Performance Materials has entered a non-binding offtake agreement with Globe Metals and Mining for niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅). The Canadian advanced materials company will receive up to 150 tonnes annually from Globe’s Kanyika tantalum-niobium project in Malawi.

The material will support Neo’s rare metals production facility in Sillamäe, Estonia, enhancing its supply of key inputs for magnet and alloy technologies. Neo also gains a limited right of first refusal on tantalum and zirconium concentrates from the Kanyika project.

Globe Metals Moves Closer to Full Offtake Coverage

Globe Metals plans to launch phase one production at the Kanyika mine in early 2027. With the Neo agreement, the company has now committed most of its future niobium and tantalum output under offtake terms.

Previously, Globe signed a preliminary offtake negotiation with Singapore-based Myste Trading, covering all 14t/year of tantalum pentoxide and up to 76t/year of niobium pentoxide from the same project.

These agreements signal strong market confidence in Globe’s Kanyika deposit and help de-risk financing and development as the project nears construction.

Growing Global Demand for Strategic Metals

Niobium is a critical material used in superalloys, magnets, and energy systems, and demand continues to grow in defense, EV, and aerospace sectors. By securing stable niobium offtake, Neo strengthens its rare metals portfolio amid intensifying global competition for secure supply chains.

Meanwhile, Globe Metals positions itself as a new player in the global niobium and tantalum market, leveraging its African resource base to support European and Asian demand.

The Metalnomist Commentary

As Europe and North America race to secure non-Chinese sources of strategic metals, deals like Neo’s with Globe Metals underscore a broader trend: mid-sized projects in Africa are rapidly gaining traction as reliable inputs into global clean tech, defense, and semiconductor supply chains.

NioCorp Scandium Supply Plan Targets Latent Demand From Elk Creek

NioCorp

NioCorp scandium supply plans could reshape a small but strategically important market if the company brings its Elk Creek critical minerals project in Nebraska into production. The US junior miner says reliable scandium availability could unlock demand that has remained dormant because customers lack secure supply.

NioCorp scandium supply would come from a polymetallic carbonatite ore body that also contains niobium, titanium and rare earths. The company plans to produce neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium oxides alongside its main niobium product.

NioCorp scandium supply is important because scandium can strengthen and lighten aluminium alloys when added in small quantities. This gives the metal potential relevance for automotive, aerospace, defence and lightweight structural applications.

Construction at Elk Creek is expected to begin in the third or fourth quarter, once financing is secured. The company expects three years of construction, followed by ramp-up, with a full year of production targeted by 2030.

Elk Creek Financing Links Niobium, Scandium and Rare Earths

NioCorp is seeking a loan of around $780mn from the US Export-Import Bank. That financing could cover up to 65% of total capital expenditure through debt.

The company’s 2022 feasibility study estimated total capital expenditure at $1.2bn for underground and surface facilities. NioCorp has raised more than $500mn over the past 14 months and may still need another $200mn-400mn in cash support.

All planned production is covered under a 10-year commercial agreement with Traxys. This gives the project a route to market across its diversified product stream.

The diversified ore body reduces dependence on a single commodity. Niobium remains the main focus, but scandium, titanium and rare earths can broaden revenue and reduce exposure to one price cycle.

Niobium supply risk is a major strategic issue. Brazil produces about 95% of global niobium supply, while the US and EU import all the niobium they need.

That concentration creates geopolitical vulnerability. NioCorp argues that Brazil could use niobium as leverage in the same way China has used rare earths in trade and strategic disputes.

Elk Creek therefore matters for more than one mineral. It could give the US domestic access to niobium, scandium and rare earth oxides from a single integrated project.

Scandium Demand Case Depends on Reliable Domestic Supply

The global scandium market is currently tiny, with only about 30-35t produced annually. NioCorp plans to produce 100t, which has raised concerns that new supply could overwhelm demand.

The company takes the opposite view. It argues that applications are waiting on the shelf because users do not trust the availability of scandium supply.

NioCorp estimates latent demand could reach about 3,000 t/yr if secure supply becomes available. It is working with companies including Aston Martin and Jaguar Land Rover to demonstrate scandium-aluminium alloy performance.

This is the key industrial point. Scandium demand cannot develop without reliable supply, but reliable supply is difficult to finance without visible demand.

NioCorp is also building a downstream scandium chain in the US. The company plans to produce high-purity scandium oxide, scandium metal and scandium aluminium master alloy.

That approach fits defence and industrial supply-chain needs. Customers need not only mined material, but qualified products that can enter alloy systems and manufacturing routes.

Rare earth processing adds another layer of complexity. NioCorp says it has developed in-house capability to produce high-purity rare earth oxides, supported by staff with decades of solvent extraction experience.

Execution will decide the project’s market impact. Financing, construction, separation technology, customer qualification and downstream partnerships must all align before Elk Creek can become a meaningful US critical minerals platform.

The Metalnomist Commentary

NioCorp’s strategy shows why critical minerals demand often depends on supply confidence first. If Elk Creek reaches production, scandium could move from a niche laboratory metal into a practical aluminium alloying tool for lightweight manufacturing.

ETM Traxys Offtake Deal Targets Spanish Tin, Tantalum and Niobium Supply

Traxys, Energy Transition Metals 

ETM Traxys offtake deal gives the Penouta mine in Spain a potential route back into critical minerals markets. Australia-listed Energy Transition Metals has signed a non-binding agreement to supply Traxys with tin, tantalum and niobium concentrates from the project.

ETM Traxys offtake deal covers 100% of tantalum, niobium and tin offtake from Penouta. Traxys would also receive exclusive rights to market and sell the material to consumers.

ETM Traxys offtake deal is strategically important because tin, tantalum and niobium all sit inside sensitive electronics, aerospace, defence and advanced manufacturing supply chains. A European source of these concentrates could attract buyers seeking supply outside higher-risk regions.

The agreement runs for 12 months but can be converted into a binding six-year offtake once Penouta begins production. ETM is still finalising its acquisition of the mine’s rights and assets from Strategic Minerals Spain.

Penouta Could Rebuild European Critical Minerals Flow

Penouta has a meaningful production history. At its peak, the mine produced up to 60t/month of tin concentrates and 10t/month of tantalum concentrate.

Primary mining stopped in October 2023 after legal action from an environmental group. Tailings and waste processing continued until 2024.

This history matters because Penouta is not only an exploration concept. It has already produced commercially relevant concentrate streams, although any restart will depend on legal, environmental, operating and financing conditions.

Tin is essential for solder, electronics and industrial alloys. Tantalum is critical for capacitors, high-reliability electronics, data-centre chips and aerospace applications. Niobium supports high-strength steel, superalloys and advanced industrial materials.

A restart would therefore add more than mine volume. It would strengthen Europe’s access to strategic minor metals at a time when buyers are reassessing origin risk, traceability and supply-chain resilience.

Traxys’ involvement adds commercial weight. As a global trading house, it can connect concentrate output with qualified consumers, financing channels and strategic buyers.

Traxys Link Adds Strategic Reserve Relevance

Traxys is one of three trading companies selected to procure critical minerals for the US government’s $12bn Project Vault strategic reserve. That gives the Penouta agreement a broader geopolitical dimension.

The offtake does not automatically mean Penouta material will enter a strategic reserve. However, Traxys’ role shows how traders are becoming central to critical minerals security.

This model is increasingly important. Mining companies need offtake and market access, while governments and manufacturers need reliable material flows from politically acceptable sources.

Tin, tantalum and niobium markets have also been volatile this year. Tantalite prices reached record levels in March because of tight supply from central Africa and strong demand from capacitors and tantalum-bearing chips used in data centres.

Tin prices have also risen sharply, supported by investor interest and tighter market sentiment. The London Metal Exchange three-month tin contract has climbed strongly from a year earlier.

These price moves underline the value of diversified supply. Small-volume critical minerals can move quickly when supply is disrupted or when strategic buyers increase procurement.

For ETM, the Traxys agreement could improve Penouta’s commercial credibility. For Traxys, it provides early access to a European source of tin, tantalum and niobium concentrates.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Penouta agreement shows how strategic traders are moving earlier into critical minerals offtake. If ETM can restart production, Spanish tin, tantalum and niobium could become more valuable as buyers seek traceable supply outside fragile regions.

Prospech Boosts Hafnium and Niobium Exploration in Finland Amidst Strong Market

Prospech

Australian junior mining company, Prospech, is significantly expanding its Jokikangas rare earth and hafnium project in Finland.  This strategic move comes as the prices of hafnium and niobium remain elevated, driven by robust demand from key industrial sectors.  Prospech's focus on these critical metals positions them well to capitalize on favorable market conditions.

Expanding the Jokikangas Project

Prospech initially acquired the Jokikangas project in 2023, where they subsequently discovered high-grade deposits of both niobium and hafnium.  The company has now secured an additional 4,852 hectares, bringing the total project area to an impressive 7,062 hectares. This expansion underscores Prospech’s commitment to thoroughly exploring and developing the site’s potential.

Leveraging Historical Data and Resampling Core Samples

The Jokikangas site exhibits iron-hosted, zircon-rich zones containing hafnium, which Prospech has visually identified. While these zones have been defined, the drill core samples remain largely unsampled for hafnium and other valuable elements. Notably, the high-grade zone boasts concentrations exceeding 1.5% niobium, zirconium, and rare earth elements, extending down to a depth of 250 meters. Prospech will utilize existing archived drill hole data from previous exploration activities conducted by companies such as Outokumpu as far back as 1981.  Additionally, they will leverage core resampling work performed by the Finnish geological survey (GTK) in 2020.  By resampling these historically preserved drill cores, Prospech aims to comprehensively assess the project's overall resource potential and refine their understanding of the deposit's characteristics.

Niobium Market Dynamics

The niobium market is currently experiencing a period of strength, primarily fueled by increased demand from the aerospace and defense industries.  Coupled with reduced supply from Brazil, a major niobium producer, this demand has propelled a steady increase in niobium columbite prices over the past two years.  Market analysts predict that the demand from these critical sectors will continue to bolster the niobium market well into 2025. This positive market outlook further reinforces the strategic importance of Prospech’s expanded exploration efforts.

CMOC Raises Tungsten and Niobium Output in Q1 2025

CMOC Tungsten

CMOC Increases Strategic Metal Production Amid Strong Demand

Chinese diversified metals producer CMOC—also known as China Molybdenum or Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum—boosted tungsten and niobium output in the first quarter of 2025. This aligns with its broader production targets and strategy to solidify its role in global critical minerals supply chains.

CMOC reported 1,993 metric tonnes of tungsten metal equivalent during January–March, up by 3.8% year-on-year. This represents 27–31% of its full-year production target of 6,500–7,500 tonnes.

Niobium Output Also Gains Ground

In the same period, CMOC produced 2,616 metric tonnes of ferro-niobium, marking a 4.4% increase over Q1 2024 levels. This output accounted for 25–28% of the company’s 2025 goal of 9,500–10,500 tonnes of ferro-niobium.

CMOC is China’s second-largest tungsten concentrate producer after China Minmetals and remains a key player in niobium supply, an essential input in high-strength steel and superalloys.

The company’s diversified portfolio includes molybdenum, copper, cobalt, and phosphate fertilizers, all of which are critical to industrial and clean energy applications.

The Metalnomist Commentary

CMOC’s stable Q1 growth in tungsten and niobium suggests strategic alignment with China’s broader resource security policy. As global demand for aerospace, defense, and battery materials rises, producers like CMOC are ramping up output to secure market share and pricing leverage in 2025.

ETM to buy Spanish tin, tantalum, niobium mine at Penouta

Energy Transition Minerals

ETM to buy Spanish tin, tantalum, niobium mine in a court-run auction. The €5.2mn deal secures Penouta’s mine and plant. The move strengthens EU supply of critical minerals and diversifies risk from non-OECD sources.

What ETM gets and how fast it can restart

Penouta is Spain’s only developed tin, tantalum and niobium mine. Section B covers tailings reprocessing and remained active until October. ETM can restart Section B quickly, subject to routine approvals. The site produced 603t of concentrates in 2023. Sales included 519t of tin and 110t of tantalum-columbite. Nearby logistics and existing circuits lower restart capex and execution risk.

Permitting risks and the strategic upside

Section C mining was suspended after environmental litigation in 2023. ETM plans a reinstatement bid through appeal or a new application. The process will require full administrative and environmental reviews. However, success would unlock primary ore and scale. That upside supports EU battery, aerospace and electronics supply chains. ETM to buy Spanish tin, tantalum, niobium mine also aligns with EU Critical Raw Materials goals.

Penouta strengthens price discovery for European tin and tantalum. It also diversifies niobium sourcing beyond Brazil. Meanwhile, local jobs and rehabilitation of legacy wastes aid social license. ETM to buy Spanish tin, tantalum, niobium mine positions Galicia as a strategic hub in Europe’s critical minerals map.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Penouta’s quick Section B restart could generate cash while permits advance. Yet, timing on Section C remains the swing factor for value. Watch the permitting cadence and offtake traction with European OEMs.

Elmet and Taniobis Partner to Strengthen North American Niobium and Tantalum Alloy Supply

Elmet Niobium

Strategic Alliance to Bolster Aerospace and Defense Supply Chains

Elmet Technologies and Taniobis have entered a long-term partnership to enhance North American supply lines of niobium- and tantalum-based alloys essential to aerospace and defense industries. The collaboration will initially focus on producing and marketing C-103 and FS-85 alloys, primarily in powder form, with potential expansion into Taniobis’ AMtrinsic product line.

The deal provides US-based Elmet with an opportunity to broaden its product portfolio beyond molybdenum and tungsten, leveraging its manufacturing capabilities, including an extrusion press in Coldwater, Michigan. Germany-based Taniobis gains access to Elmet’s North American distribution network and technical expertise, ensuring faster delivery and greater production flexibility for regional customers.

Alloy Applications and Market Potential

C-103, composed of 89% niobium, 10% hafnium, and 1% titanium, is highly valued for maintaining strength at extreme temperatures. It is widely used in hypersonic missile components, rocket nozzles, and jet engine afterburners. FS-85, consisting of 61% niobium, 28% tantalum, 10% tungsten, and 1% zirconium, offers similar mechanical performance at a lower cost by omitting hafnium.

However, FS-85 adoption faces hurdles due to its heavier weight and aerospace customers’ preference for proven materials. Elmet highlights FS-85’s higher ultimate tensile strength compared to C-103, positioning it as a potential alternative in cost-sensitive applications.

Outlook for Advanced Alloy Supply Security

The partnership underscores the importance of diversifying alloy supply sources in North America amid rising geopolitical pressures on critical minerals. Niobium and tantalum are both considered strategic materials due to their scarcity, high performance, and reliance on limited global production sources.

With aerospace and defense demand expected to rise, the Elmet–Taniobis alliance could play a pivotal role in mitigating supply chain risks and advancing domestic manufacturing capabilities for high-performance alloys.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This partnership aligns with broader efforts to secure critical mineral supply chains for strategic industries. If FS-85 gains traction, it could reshape alloy procurement strategies in aerospace and defense, offering a cost-effective alternative to established high-performance materials.

Malawi's Kanyika Niobium Mine Granted Extension for Development

Australia-based Globe Metals and Mining has received a one-year extension to start operations at its Kanyika niobium project in central Malawi. The deadline has been pushed to 27 September 2025, due to delays in finalizing a mine development agreement with the Malawian government.

The Kanyika mine, set to become Africa’s first niobium mine, will produce niobium and tantalum oxides for export to western markets. Globe plans to develop the mine in two phases, with phase 1 set to begin in early 2026 and phase 2 in the third quarter of 2028.

Significance of Niobium in Critical Industries

Once operational, the mine is projected to produce around 3,250 tonnes of niobium and 140 tonnes of tantalum annually over its 25-year lifespan, with potential for extension. Niobium is crucial to industries such as military, aerospace, space exploration, and medicine. It is also increasingly important in emerging fields like quantum electronics, semiconductor manufacturing, and electric vehicles.

Taniobis Expands Tantalum and Niobium Chloride Production in Germany

Taniobis

Germany-based Tantalum and Niobium powder producer Taniobis, a subsidiary of JX Nippon Mining & Metals, has announced plans to expand its production and testing capabilities. The company aims to meet the rising global demand for Tantalum and Niobium-based products, essential components in the semiconductor industry, by investing in its facilities in Goslar and Laufenburg.

Focus on Tantalum and Niobium Chlorides

Taniobis is constructing a new testing and production plant at its Goslar facility to enhance its flexibility in addressing increasing market needs. The company sees significant growth opportunities in Niobium and Tantalum chlorides, which are vital precursors in the production of microprocessors and memory chips.

Additionally, Taniobis plans to optimize its Laufenburg chloride plant, which produces various grades of Tantalum and Niobium chloride, along with tungsten and molybdenum-based products. This optimization will position the company to deliver advanced materials for next-generation semiconductor technologies.

“We recognize significant growth potential in atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition for the next generation of semiconductors,” said Kazuhiko Iida, Taniobis Group chairman.

Demand Driven by AI, 5G, and Automotive Technologies

The surge in demand for Tantalum and Niobium chlorides is fueled by the rapid integration of technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), 5G telecommunications, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. These industries require energy-efficient and high-performing semiconductors.

The automotive sector also heavily relies on these advanced materials for systems like advanced driver assistance (ADAS) and autonomous driving technologies.

While Taniobis has not disclosed a timeline for these expansions, the company’s investments underscore its commitment to meeting the growing needs of semiconductor and automotive manufacturers worldwide.

CMOC Boosts Tungsten and Niobium Output in 2024

CMOC

CMOC, also known as Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum, a prominent Chinese diversified minerals producer, has reported increased production of both tungsten and niobium in 2024 compared to the previous year. This positive performance underscores the company's strong operational capabilities and its position in the global metals market.

Increased Tungsten Production Driven by Higher Recycling Rate

CMOC's tungsten production reached 8,288 tonnes of metal equivalent in 2024, a 4% increase year-on-year. The company attributed this growth to a higher recycling rate for hard-processing ores, demonstrating its commitment to resource optimization and efficiency.  As the second-largest tungsten concentrate producer in China, following China Minmetals, CMOC plays a vital role in the domestic and international tungsten supply chains.

Record-Breaking Ferro-Niobium Output

CMOC also achieved a record high in ferro-niobium production, with 10,024 tonnes of metal equivalent, a 5% increase compared to 2023. This achievement highlights the company's growing presence in the niobium market, a crucial metal used in various high-tech applications.

Diversified Portfolio

Beyond tungsten and niobium, CMOC's diversified portfolio includes the production and trading of molybdenum, copper, cobalt, and phosphate fertilizer. This broad range of products positions the company as a key player in the global minerals industry.

NioCorp Public Stock Offering Targets Funding for Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project

NioCorp

NioCorp public stock offering plans could raise up to $100mn to advance the Elk Creek critical minerals project in Nebraska. The financing would support one of the most strategically relevant US mineral development projects because Elk Creek targets niobium, scandium, titanium, and potentially magnetic rare earth elements.

The company is offering up to 20mn common shares at $5/share. The offering is expected to close on or around 25 February, subject to customary conditions. If completed, the NioCorp public stock offering would strengthen the company’s balance sheet as it moves the Nebraska project through its next development phase.

Elk Creek is important because the US remains heavily dependent on foreign supply for several specialty materials used in advanced manufacturing, aerospace, defence, energy systems, and high-performance alloys. A domestic source of niobium and scandium would carry strategic value beyond normal mine economics.

Elk Creek Could Support Domestic Niobium and Scandium Supply

The Elk Creek critical minerals project is expected to produce niobium, scandium, and titanium. These materials serve different industrial markets, but all carry strategic relevance for the US manufacturing base.

Niobium is mainly used to strengthen steel and improve performance in high-strength low-alloy applications. Scandium can improve aluminium alloy performance, especially where lightweight Titaniumstrength and weldability matter. Titanium has strong relevance in aerospace, defence, medical, chemical processing, and high-corrosion environments.

NioCorp is also evaluating the potential to produce magnetic rare earth elements. That could increase the project’s strategic value if it proves commercially viable, because rare earth magnets are essential for motors, defence systems, robotics, wind power, and advanced electronics.

Financing Highlights US Critical Minerals Capital Challenge

The NioCorp public stock offering shows how critical minerals projects still depend on patient capital before they can become supply-chain assets. Policy support and strategic demand are important, but mines still need funding for engineering, permitting, construction planning, and commercial development.

The proposed $100mn raise would help advance Elk Creek at a time when the US is trying to reduce dependence on imported critical materials. However, specialty mineral projects face a difficult financing environment because their markets can be smaller, less transparent, and more technically complex than bulk commodities.

For US industry, the key issue is whether projects such as Elk Creek can move from strategic potential to actual production. If NioCorp succeeds, the project could add an important domestic source of niobium, scandium, titanium, and possibly rare earth materials to the North American supply chain.

The Metalnomist Commentary

NioCorp’s offering highlights a central problem in critical minerals policy: strategic materials need commercial capital before they can become strategic supply. Elk Creek’s value will depend not only on geology, but also on financing execution, downstream qualification, and reliable offtake demand.

NioCorp Traxys Offtake Agreement Secures Elk Creek Critical Minerals Output

NioCorp Traxys

NioCorp Traxys offtake agreement has moved the Elk Creek project closer to commercial validation by covering the remaining planned production from the Nebraska critical minerals development. The non-binding agreement would give Traxys North America access to NioCorp’s remaining output during the project’s first 10 years of operations.

The agreement also includes a potential strategic investment of up to $30mn by Traxys in NioCorp. This would make Traxys a shareholder while supporting sales of critical minerals between large manufacturers and producers.

NioCorp Traxys offtake agreement is strategically important because Elk Creek is designed to produce ferro-niobium, scandium oxide, titanium products and rare earth materials. These materials are tied to aerospace, defense, automotive, energy, advanced alloys and high-performance manufacturing supply chains.

Elk Creek Output Gains Full Commercial Coverage

NioCorp has now commercially covered 100% of its planned production. The company plans to sell 50% of its ferro-niobium output to Thyssenkrupp at a discount to the SuperMetalPrice assessment and the remaining 50% to Traxys.

Traxys would also take 100% of NioCorp’s scandium, titanium and rare earth production for the first 10 years. This gives the project a clearer route to market across multiple strategic materials rather than relying on one product stream.

The offtake coverage addresses one of the key remaining due diligence items in the Export-Import Bank review of NioCorp’s proposed $800mn debt financing package. For critical minerals projects, financing confidence often depends on credible buyers, long-term offtake and realistic commercial channels.

Ferro-Niobium, Scandium and Rare Earths Add Strategic Value

NioCorp plans to produce 7,450 t/yr of ferro-niobium, 104 t/yr of scandium oxide and 12,063 t/yr of titanium products. Ferro-niobium is important for high-strength steels and specialty alloys, while scandium can improve aluminium alloy performance in aerospace and advanced manufacturing.

The Elk Creek resource also contains rare earth potential, including neodymium-praseodymium oxide, dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide. These materials are critical for high-performance permanent magnets used in electric motors, defense systems, robotics, wind turbines and industrial automation.

NioCorp Traxys offtake agreement therefore links a US-based mineral project with a global trading platform capable of connecting output to strategic customers. That could strengthen the US critical minerals supply chain if Elk Creek moves through financing and into construction.

The Metalnomist Commentary

NioCorp’s agreement with Traxys shows that critical minerals projects need market architecture as much as geology. Elk Creek’s real value lies in combining niobium, scandium, titanium and rare earths into a financeable US supply-chain platform.

NioBay Ships First Niobium and Tantalum Products from Quebec Pilot Plant

NioBay

First Shipments Mark Key Step in Commercialization

Canadian mineral exploration company NioBay has shipped its first niobium and tantalum products from its SGS pilot plant in Quebec City. The initial deliveries were sent to potential customers in Europe, with more shipments scheduled this month to expand outreach to additional buyers. These shipments mark a pivotal milestone in the company’s effort to commercialize critical mineral production from its Crevier project.

The pilot plant program was supported by a C$500,000 ($365,650) grant from Quebec’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Forests in June 2024. The funding allowed NioBay to advance its pilot-scale processing and demonstrate product quality to prospective industrial partners.

Strategic Role in Critical Mineral Supply Chains

NioBay is producing niobium oxide for battery manufacturers and tantalum oxide for high-tech applications, both of which are essential for sectors such as energy storage, electronics, and aerospace. With global demand for these critical minerals rising, the company’s progress positions it to become a valuable North American supplier in a market dominated by limited global producers.

As the Crevier project advances, NioBay aims to secure offtake agreements with international customers, strengthening its role in diversifying the supply of strategic minerals and reducing reliance on overseas sources.

The Metalnomist Commentary

NioBay’s first shipments of niobium and tantalum underscore Canada’s growing role in critical mineral production. With pilot-scale success and government backing, the firm is positioned to compete in strategic markets where supply security is increasingly vital for industrial innovation.