SK On Secures $9.6B Loan for US Battery Plants, Boosting EV Production Capacity

BlueOval SK

South Korean battery manufacturer SK On has successfully secured a loan of up to $9.6 billion for the construction of three new battery plants in the United States. The plants, located in Tennessee and Kentucky, will have a combined production capacity of 120 GWh per year, primarily dedicated to supplying batteries for Ford Motor's electric vehicles (EVs), including models under the Ford and Lincoln brands.

Major Investment in EV Battery Production

This loan, the largest ever awarded under the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Program, is a significant step towards bolstering the country’s position in the rapidly expanding electric vehicle (EV) market. The funds will be used to develop three state-of-the-art battery production facilities, which are set to contribute to Ford’s ambitious EV production goals.

The collaboration between SK On and Ford Motor has already led to the formation of BlueOval SK, a joint venture designed to build the largest EV battery production operation in the U.S. Despite the recent slowdown in the EV industry, which prompted Ford to delay the construction of its second Kentucky plant in October 2023, production at the first two plants is still scheduled to commence in 2025.

Strategic Importance of the DOE Loan

This loan represents a key investment in the future of the U.S. automotive and energy sectors. As the U.S. seeks to meet rising domestic demand for EVs and maintain its leadership in the global electric vehicle market, the DOE's Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Program plays a vital role in providing financial support for innovative technologies. By securing this funding, SK On ensures it is well-positioned to support Ford’s EV ambitions while contributing to the nation's electrification goals.

With the ongoing growth of Ford's electrified vehicle sales—reaching 257,693 units between January and November 2024, marking a 40% increase from the same period last year—this new production capacity is expected to play a pivotal role in meeting rising demand. SK On’s battery production capabilities have also seen growth, with the company’s installations increasing by 9.5% year-on-year, capturing 4.5% of the global market share, according to SNE Research.

Nissan Advances Electrification with New LFP Battery Plants in Kyushu

Nissan

Strengthening Japan's Position in the Global EV Market

Nissan, a leading Japanese automobile manufacturer, has announced plans to establish new lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) battery plants in Kyushu, aligning with its aggressive electrification strategy. Set to begin construction during the fiscal year of April 2025 to March 2026, these facilities are a pivotal step in Nissan's commitment to enhancing its battery production capabilities and supporting the expanding electric vehicle (EV) market.

Financial Backing and Production Goals

The new plants are anticipated to start mass production in 2028-29, aiming for a production capacity of about 5 GWh per year. This initiative is supported by Japan's Ministry of Trade and Industry (Meti), which will provide a substantial subsidy of ¥56 billion ($359 million), covering approximately one-third of the total investment. This financial support underscores the government's commitment to fostering domestic battery technology advancements.

Nissan's Global Battery Strategy and Market Challenges

As part of its broader strategy to secure a global production capacity of 135 GWh per year by 2030-31, Nissan is focusing on strengthening its battery supply chain. The Kyushu plants are expected to contribute 10 GWh per year to this goal. However, Nissan faces challenges in the EV market, including a significant drop in net profit and a reduction in global car production capacity, which has affected its profitability and competitive stance.

BMW to Establish Five New High-Voltage Battery Plants

German automaker BMW is set to expand its production of next-generation high-voltage batteries with the construction of plants in five countries.

The new battery production facilities will be located in Lower Bavaria (Germany), Debrecen (Hungary), Woodruff (United States), Shenyang (China), and San Luis Potosi (Mexico).

BMW is adhering to a "local for local" supply chain strategy to enhance resilience and reduce the carbon footprint of its production processes.

In addition to this expansion, BMW has announced the introduction of the Neue Klasse vehicle, its latest fully electric model. The cars are scheduled to debut in 2025 in Debrecen, followed by production in China in 2026 and Mexico in 2027.

Prototype battery cells are currently being developed at the Cell Manufacturing Competence Centre (CMCC) in Parsdorf and the Battery Cell Competence Centre (BCCC) in Munich.

Summary

BMW is building five new high-voltage battery plants in Germany, Hungary, the US, China, and Mexico as part of a strategy to localize its supply chain and reduce its carbon footprint. The new fully electric Neue Klasse vehicle will debut in 2025, with production expanding to China and Mexico in subsequent years. Prototype battery cells are being developed in Germany.

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#BMW #ElectricVehicles #BatteryPlants #SustainableEnergy #LocalForLocal #NeueKlasse #EVProduction #CarbonFootprint #GreenManufacturing #GlobalExpansion

Indonesia-China EV battery joint venture to start output by 2026

PT AnekaTambang

Indonesia-China EV battery joint venture is set to start operations in 2026, marking a milestone in Southeast Asia’s battery industry. PT Aneka Tambang (Antam) and CATL are leading the $5.9bn project, which will significantly expand Indonesia’s role in global EV supply chains. The Indonesia-China EV battery joint venture aims for 15GWh capacity by 2028, supporting up to 300,000 EVs annually.

A $5.9bn integrated ecosystem for battery materials

The joint venture begins with a 6.9GWh capacity, expanding to 15GWh by 2028. Additionally, officials highlighted potential integration with solar panel battery storage, raising capacity to 40GWh. Most of the investment—around $4.7bn—will fund nickel smelters, mining, and precursor plants in North Maluku. Meanwhile, the battery cell project in West Java accounts for $1.2bn of the total budget.

Indonesia’s mineral advantage meets China’s battery expertise

Indonesia holds abundant nickel, cobalt, and manganese, essential for EV batteries, but lacks lithium and advanced technology. Therefore, Antam partnered with CATL to secure the expertise and technology required. By 2026, smelting and hydrometallurgy plants, alongside a nickel-cobalt-manganese precursor facility, are expected to strengthen Indonesia’s midstream value chain. This partnership underscores a growing alignment between Indonesia’s resource base and China’s global battery leadership.

Energy independence and EV market expansion

The Indonesia-China EV battery joint venture could supply batteries for 300,000 EVs annually, potentially reducing fuel imports by 300,000 kilolitres per year. President Prabowo stated that Indonesia could reach full energy self-sufficiency within five to seven years, provided battery production grows to 100GWh annually. As a result, Indonesia is positioning itself not just as a raw material supplier but as an integrated EV hub.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Indonesia’s partnership with CATL cements its role in the global EV battery supply chain. However, success depends on infrastructure, environmental safeguards, and balancing resource nationalism with foreign investment. If executed effectively, Indonesia could become a strategic alternative to China-dominated supply routes.

Hydro Takes Full Ownership of Battery Recycler Hydrovolt

Hydrovolt

Acquisition Strengthens Hydro's Position in the Growing EV Battery Recycling Market

Norwegian aluminum producer Hydro has announced the acquisition of the remaining shares in battery recycler Hydrovolt from Swedish battery manufacturer Northvolt. This move gives Hydro full ownership of Hydrovolt, solidifying its position in the rapidly expanding electric vehicle (EV) battery recycling market. The acquisition, valued at 78 million kroner ($6.8 million), is expected to close in the first quarter of 2025, pending court approval.

Hydrovolt, established in 2020 as a 50:50 joint venture between Hydro and Northvolt, operates one of Europe's largest EV battery recycling plants in Fredrikstad, Norway. The plant boasts a 95% recovery rate for materials used in EV batteries, including plastics, copper, aluminum, and black mass—a powder containing valuable elements such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, and lithium.

Expansion and Future Plans

Hydrovolt is also constructing a new recycling plant in Hordain, northern France, with operations slated to commence later this year. The company aims to recycle approximately 300,000 tonnes of battery packs by 2030, equivalent to roughly 500,000 EV batteries.

This acquisition comes as Northvolt faces financial challenges, having filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2024 due to substantial debt. Hydro, which has been solely financing Hydrovolt's operations since mid-2024, now seeks a new partner to secure long-term funding for the subsidiary.

Strategic Significance

Hydro's full ownership of Hydrovolt underscores its commitment to sustainable and circular solutions within the aluminum and battery value chains. This strategic move strengthens Hydro's position in the burgeoning EV battery recycling market, contributing to a more environmentally responsible and resource-efficient industry.

China’s CNGR Launches CAM Precursor Production in Morocco to Expand Global Battery Supply Chain

CNGR Advanced Material

CNGR Advances Lithium-Ion Battery Materials Production in Africa

China’s leading lithium-ion battery cathode active material (CAM) precursor manufacturer, CNGR Advanced Material, has officially started production in Morocco. On January 23, the company launched its first batch of ternary precursor production lines, strengthening its global presence in the battery material supply chain.

Strategic Partnership and Project Scope

CNGR has partnered with Moroccan private investment fund Al Mada to develop the project. The joint venture, formed in 2023, aims to produce lithium-ion battery ternary CAM precursors, lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and recycle black mass from used batteries. CNGR’s subsidiary, CNGR Morocco New Energy, holds a 50.03% stake, while Al Mada’s subsidiary, NGI, owns 49.97%.

The production plant boasts an annual capacity of 120,000 tons for CAM precursors, 60,000 tons for LFP, and 30,000 tons for black mass recycling. The facility is a key step in CNGR’s plan to establish a fully integrated industrial park with a 70GWh/year battery material production capacity, which could support over one million electric vehicles.

Commitment to Sustainability and Renewable Energy

CNGR aims to achieve 100% renewable energy utilization by 2026 at its Moroccan site, significantly reducing its carbon footprint. By prioritizing local renewable energy sources, the company seeks to align with global sustainability goals and contribute to a greener battery supply chain.

Global Expansion and Market Reach

The project's output will supply markets in Europe, the United States, and other global new energy sectors. Morocco has become a strategic hub for Chinese battery manufacturers, with other key players such as BTR also developing anode material plants in the country. This expansion highlights Morocco’s growing role in the global electric vehicle (EV) battery ecosystem.

CATL Begins Construction of 25 GWh/yr Battery Plant in Fujian

CATL

China’s largest battery manufacturer, CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.), has started building its No. 5 plant at the Fuding battery production complex in Fujian province. The plant, with an annual production capacity of 25 GWh, is part of CATL’s strategy to expand its dominance in the global new energy power battery market.

Key Details of the Project

• Investment: 6.47 billion yuan ($910 million).
• Timeline: Construction is set to finish by June 2025, with production commencing shortly afterward.
• Fuding Complex: CATL’s largest single battery production site, with a total capacity of 120 GWh/yr, has already completed four plants.

A 1 GWh lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) battery typically requires 2,300 tons of lithium carbonate feedstock, underscoring the significant demand for lithium resources that the plant will generate.

CATL’s Global Production Leadership

• Current Output: CATL produced 211 GWh of batteries from January to June 2024, accounting for 65% of its total capacity of 323 GWh/yr.
• Growth: This represents a 37% increase from 154 GWh during the same period last year.
• Global Footprint: CATL operates 13 production bases worldwide, solidifying its leadership in the energy storage and electric vehicle battery sectors.

Concerns About Potential Oversupply

China’s power battery production has led global growth over the past decade, driven by surging demand from the new energy vehicle (NEV) market. However, rapid capacity expansions have raised concerns about potential oversupply, which could pressure margins and disrupt market dynamics, according to industry participants.

Strategic Importance

CATL’s latest expansion in Fujian aligns with its mission to support the fast-growing NEV market while staying ahead of competitors. The additional capacity will play a critical role in meeting the global shift toward renewable energy and electric mobility.

Stellantis and CATL Partner to Construct a €4.1 Billion Battery Plant in Spain

CATL

Stellantis, a prominent Franco-Italian-American automotive manufacturer, together with Chinese battery industry leader Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Ltd (CATL), has announced an ambitious joint venture. The partnership plans to invest €4.1 billion ($4.3 billion) to establish a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery production facility in Zaragoza, Spain. Scheduled to commence operations by the end of 2026, the plant is projected to achieve an impressive output capacity of up to 50GWh annually. This capacity could supply electric vehicle (EV) batteries to approximately 1 million vehicles per year, based on an average battery pack size of 50kWh.

Strategic Expansion and Future Goals

This new venture builds on a prior preliminary agreement between Stellantis and CATL, further solidifying their collaboration. Strategically positioned adjacent to Stellantis’ existing automotive plant in Zaragoza—which has historically manufactured over 14 million Opel and Citroen vehicles since 1982—the battery facility represents a significant step toward supporting Stellantis' electric mobility ambitions. CATL, already operating two battery plants in Germany and Hungary and constructing another in Hungary, contributes extensive expertise and capacity to the partnership.

Market Dynamics and Company Prospects

Despite recent challenges, including declining sales in the European Union and the U.S. and intense competition from Chinese EV manufacturers that led to the resignation of CEO Carlos Tavares, Stellantis remains committed to its electrification strategy. The company has set ambitious targets, aiming for 100% EV sales in Europe and 50% in the U.S. by 2030. This is part of Stellantis' broader strategy to adapt to shifting market demands and increase its stake in the global EV market, which includes recent joint ventures with other major players like Samsung SDI, TotalEnergies, Mercedes-Benz, and Leapmotor.

Hyundai Georgia battery plant delay: production unaffected

Hyundai Georgia

Hyundai Georgia battery plant delay extends construction by two to three months after a federal worksite raid. However, Hyundai says vehicle output remains unaffected across US plants. The Hyundai Georgia battery plant delay follows ICE and FBI detentions of 475 workers and halted site work. South Korea repatriated more than 300 nationals after the operation.

What changes for US EV supply chains

Hyundai Georgia battery plant delay does not disrupt near-term EV supply, thanks to diversified cell sourcing. Meanwhile, the De Soto site remains strategic for future capacity and logistics. As a result, Hyundai prioritizes contractor audits, workforce vetting, and timeline buffers to reduce ramp risk. The company also reiterates no change to current US vehicle manufacturing plans.

Policy scrutiny now shapes gigafactory execution as much as equipment delivery. Therefore, federal oversight and local training programs will influence schedule certainty. Former President Trump urged visas for experts to train US crews, highlighting a technical skills gap. Automakers will likely expand apprenticeships and partner colleges to accelerate battery workforce readiness.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Short delays rarely move EV output, but they expose weak links in labor compliance and specialty skills. Expect tighter contractor governance and earlier talent pipelines to become standard in US battery projects.

LGES to Acquire GM’s Stake in Michigan Battery Plant

Ultium Cells

LGES Expands Battery Footprint in the U.S.

LG Energy Solution (LGES) will acquire General Motors' (GM) stake in the Ultium Cells joint battery plant in Lansing, Michigan. The $2.08 billion deal comes from a non-binding agreement signed in December 2024, according to both companies. This acquisition allows LGES to take full control of the nearly completed plant while GM retains its position in other Ultium ventures.

Strategic Shift Aims for Cost-Efficient Expansion

The move is part of LGES’s broader effort to reduce the investment burden while enhancing facility efficiency. GM confirmed it will still source EV batteries from Ultium Cells’ existing plants in Warren, Ohio, and Spring Hill, Tennessee. This approach enables GM to meet growing EV demand while LGES consolidates control over its Michigan asset.

U.S. Battery Market Competition Intensifies

As the U.S. accelerates its energy transition, this acquisition reflects increasing consolidation in the battery manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, LGES continues investing globally, including in Arizona and Indonesia, to scale production.

The Metalnomist Commentary

LGES’s strategic buyout of GM’s stake aligns with its push to dominate the North American battery landscape. As U.S. EV adoption climbs, full ownership of the Lansing plant strengthens LGES’s operational flexibility while helping GM preserve critical supply chain partnerships. The deal may also preemptively shield LGES from potential future policy or sourcing restrictions.

Lopal and Cornex Sign Landmark LFP Supply Deal to Strengthen China’s Battery Chain

Lopal

Strategic Agreement Secures 150,000t of LFP Through 2029

Lopal and Cornex have signed a major lithium iron phosphate (LFP) supply deal, securing 150,000 tonnes of LFP cathode active material over five years. The Focus Keyphrase "LFP supply deal" reflects a growing trend of long-term procurement strategies across the EV battery value chain.

Under the agreement, Jiangsu Lopal will deliver LFP to three Cornex subsidiaries in Wuhan, Xiaogan, and Yichang between 2025 and 2029. The deal is valued at over 5 billion yuan ($694 million), marking one of China’s largest bilateral LFP commitments to date. This collaboration comes as LFP demand surges in both domestic and export EV markets.

Lopal Expands Production Footprint Across China and Indonesia

Lopal has rapidly scaled its LFP production capabilities following its acquisition of the LFP business from Shenzhen BTR New Energy Material. It now operates multiple LFP plants across Jiangsu, Shandong, Tianjin, Sichuan, and Hubei, giving it geographic reach and production redundancy.

In 2024, Lopal’s LFP output surged to 184,697 tonnes, a 56% increase from the previous year, with sales rising 65% to 178,287 tonnes. Lopal has also begun overseas expansion, completing the first 30,000 t/yr phase of an Indonesian plant, with a second 90,000 t/yr phase in planning. These moves position Lopal as a global LFP leader with diversified supply capabilities.

Term Contracts Signal Confidence from Global OEMs

Lopal has not only secured deals with domestic players but also signed term supply contracts with Ford and LG Energy Solution. These partnerships highlight Lopal’s growing credibility in supplying high-volume, high-quality LFP material for global EV platforms.

Meanwhile, Cornex—formally Chuneng—is increasing battery production in central China, supported by reliable LFP sourcing. The LFP supply deal ensures material stability for future gigafactory-scale battery production, a critical factor amid rising input volatility and tightening market conditions.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The LFP supply deal between Lopal and Cornex reflects the tightening integration of China’s battery supply chain, with long-term contracts emerging as a buffer against future material risk. As global automakers seek cobalt-free alternatives, LFP’s role will only grow, and producers like Lopal are positioning themselves at the center of this transition.

Yuneng to Expand LFP and LMFP Cathode Capacity to Meet Battery Market Growth

Yuneng

$899 Million Investment Targets Higher Energy Density Materials

Hunan Yuneng, China’s largest lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode active material producer, will significantly expand production capacity to serve surging demand in the lithium-ion battery sector. The company plans to raise 4.8bn yuan ($899mn) for a new project producing 320,000 t/yr of lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP), 75,000 t/yr of ultra-long cycle LFP, and 100,000 t/yr of iron phosphate feedstock.

The LMFP line, located in Anning, Yunnan province, will also be able to produce LFP. Yuneng expects construction to finish within four years. Meanwhile, the ultra-long cycle LFP and iron phosphate plants in Fuquan, Guizhou province, will be built within 12 months, strengthening the company’s diversified product portfolio.

Performance Advantages and Market Competition

LMFP cathodes provide higher energy density, longer driving ranges for EVs, better winter performance, and lower manufacturing costs than standard LFP. However, they have shorter life cycles and weaker charge-discharge capacity. Major players such as CATL, BYD, and Eve Energy are also investing in LMFP technology, intensifying competition in the high-performance cathode market.

Yuneng achieved 101% LFP capacity utilization in 2024, producing 735,462t—up 46% from 2023. Sales reached 710,565t, with 41% directed to the energy storage sector. LFP batteries continue to dominate China’s lithium-ion battery market, holding an 80% production share from January to April 2024, far exceeding the share of ternary chemistries such as NCA/NCM.

Strategic Outlook for Cathode Materials Expansion

By expanding LFP and LMFP output, Yuneng positions itself to capture additional market share as both EV adoption and energy storage demand accelerate. The cost advantage of LFP remains a key factor in China’s battery market dominance, while LMFP technology offers potential for premium applications once lifecycle limitations are addressed.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Yuneng’s investment demonstrates how Chinese cathode producers are racing to scale capacity in response to both domestic and global demand. While LFP will remain the dominant chemistry in China’s battery market, LMFP could emerge as a niche solution for applications requiring higher energy density—if manufacturers can resolve its durability challenges.

Merdeka Battery Materials Reports Mixed Nickel Output in Q3 Amid Expansions

Merdeka Battery Materials

Indonesian nickel producer Merdeka Battery Materials (MBMA) reported a mixed production performance for the third quarter of 2023. While the company’s nickel ore output doubled due to favorable weather and increased mining capacity, nickel intermediates production experienced a decline.

Nickel Ore Output Surges, Intermediates Decline

During Q3, MBMA produced 4.74 million wet metric tonnes (wmt) of ore from its Sulawesi Cahaya Mineral (SCM) mine. Limonite and saprolite output reached 3.70 million wmt and 1.04 million wmt, respectively, more than doubling compared to the previous quarter. This growth was attributed to better weather conditions and expanded mining equipment deployment.

In contrast, nickel intermediates saw declines. Nickel pig iron (NPI) and low-grade nickel matte (LGNM) production from MBMA’s rotary kiln electric furnaces (RKEF) smelters fell 6.1% quarter-on-quarter to 20,557 tonnes. High-grade nickel matte (HGNM) output dropped by 3.2% to 12,979 tonnes of nickel.

Despite these quarterly dips, the company maintained its 2024 production guidance at 50,000-55,000 tonnes of HGNM and 80,000-85,000 tonnes of NPI.

Strategic Investments and Growth Plans

MBMA's long-term strategy focuses on bolstering output through strategic investments and partnerships. The SCM mine supplies saprolite ore to MBMA’s RKEF smelters and limonite ore to Huayue Nickel Cobalt’s HPAL plants. A second feed preparation plant (FPP), slated for commissioning by mid-2025, is expected to increase limonite ore processing capacity to over 9 million wmt annually.

The company collaborates with leading battery manufacturers to support its limonite production, targeting over 300,000 tonnes per year of nickel in mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP). Key partnerships include:

• Green Eco-Manufacture (GEM): Joint development of PT ESG and PT Meiming HPAL plants with capacities of 30,000 t/yr and 25,000 t/yr of nickel in MHP, respectively.
• Brunp: Partnership with the subsidiary of Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) to establish a 60,000 t/yr HPAL plant for nickel in MHP.

Outlook for 2024 and Beyond

The company’s production guidance for 2024 remains robust, with saprolite ore projected at 4–5 million wmt and limonite ore at 9.5–10.5 million wmt. With the new FPP in operation by 2025, MBMA aims to significantly scale up production and maintain its competitive edge in the rapidly growing battery materials market.

As global demand for nickel intensifies, MBMA's strategic expansions and partnerships position it as a key player in the supply chain for electric vehicle batteries and renewable technologies.

Shangtai to Build $154mn Battery Anode Plant in Malaysia

Shangtai Tech

Chinese lithium-ion battery anode manufacturer Shijiazhuang Shangtai has announced plans to establish a production facility in Kedah, Malaysia. The Shenzhen-listed company approved the creation of a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shangtai Technology Malaysia, to oversee the development of the plant, which is projected to cost $154 million and have a production capacity of 50,000 tons per year for battery anode materials.

Construction Timeline and Strategic Expansion

While the site is expected to be completed within 24 months, Shangtai has yet to disclose the start date for construction. This new facility forms part of Shangtai's broader strategy to expand its production capacity and gain a competitive edge in the global battery market.

In the first half of 2024 alone, Shangtai sold 83,800 tons of anode materials, marking a 61% increase compared to the 52,200 tons sold during the same period in 2023. The company is also constructing a 100,000-ton-per-year production plant in Wuji County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China, which is set for completion by 2026. Additionally, Shangtai operates a 200,000-ton-per-year complex in Xiyang County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province.

Context of Chinese Companies' Global Expansion

The move by Shangtai reflects a larger trend of Chinese companies seeking overseas expansion to mitigate rising geopolitical restrictions, such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and the EU's Critical Raw Material Act. Another key player, BTR, recently launched its first phase of an overseas anode material plant in Indonesia with an 80,000-ton-per-year capacity on August 7. Furthermore, BTR is also developing cathode and anode material plants in Tangier, Morocco, with capacities of 50,000 tons and 60,000 tons per year, respectively.

This strategic push not only strengthens China's position in the global battery material supply chain but also enhances production capabilities to meet growing demand for electric vehicle components and renewable energy storage solutions.

Dazhong Mining Expands Lithium Resources at Jiada Mine

Dazhong Mining

Lithium Resources at Jiada Mine Increase Significantly

Inner Mongolia Dazhong Mining has revised higher its lithium resource estimates at the Jiada spodumene mine in Sichuan. The mine’s reserves now total 1.4842mn t of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) with an average grade of 1.38pc lithium oxide. This upgrade raises Dazhong’s total lithium resources across its assets to 4.72mn t LCE. The company also operates the Jijiaoshan lithium mine in Hunan province, strengthening its domestic lithium footprint.

Dazhong’s Investment in Lithium Supply Chain Expansion

Dazhong is actively expanding into downstream lithium processing and battery production. The firm is building lithium carbonate and cathode active material production lines, alongside lithium-ion battery plants in Hunan, with an investment of 16bn yuan ($2.2bn). It also plans to develop a large-scale complex in Inner Mongolia with 40,000 t/yr lithium carbonate, 40,000 t/yr lithium salts, 250,000 t/yr lithium iron phosphate, 100,000 t/yr artificial graphite anode material, and 10 GWh/yr lithium-ion batteries. These projects highlight China’s ambition to dominate the entire lithium value chain.

Lithium Market Pressures Despite Long-Term Demand

The lithium market remains oversupplied, pushing prices to multi-year lows despite robust long-term demand forecasts. Chinese lithium carbonate prices are currently at Yn59,800-61,000/t ex-works, down 89pc from the November 2022 peak of Yn561,000-576,000/t. Rising supply from Chinese producers, including new capacity expansions like Dazhong’s, has weighed on spot prices. However, strong demand from electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and emerging battery technologies is expected to support recovery in the medium term.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Dazhong Mining’s resource upgrade and heavy downstream investments underline China’s strategy to secure leadership across the lithium supply chain. While today’s oversupply keeps prices depressed, structural demand from EVs and storage solutions suggests that projects like Jiada will be vital in balancing the global market in the next decade.

Zimbabwe to Ban Lithium Concentrate Exports from 2027

Zimbabwe lithium Mining

Government Push for Domestic Processing

Zimbabwe will impose a ban on lithium concentrate exports starting 1 January 2027, according to mines minister Winston Chitando. The policy follows a 2022 ban on raw ore exports and seeks to encourage investment in local processing facilities and battery material plants. Zimbabwe holds Africa’s largest lithium reserves, with Chinese firms already dominating its mining sector.

Two new plants, backed by Sinomine and Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt, are under construction and expected to begin operations in 2027. These facilities will produce lithium sulphate, a key intermediate that can be refined into battery-grade lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate.

Chinese Investment and Global Market Implications

Chinese companies remain committed to Zimbabwe’s lithium sector despite lithium prices falling nearly 90% since 2022. This long-term strategy reflects Beijing’s broader effort to secure critical minerals for its electric vehicle and energy storage industries. The upcoming export ban will strengthen Zimbabwe’s role in global lithium supply chains by shifting the country toward value-added production.

Zimbabwe’s policy aligns with a growing African trend of restricting raw mineral exports to promote domestic industrialization. For instance, Gabon recently announced a manganese ore export ban from 2029, while Guinea, Mali, Tanzania, and the DRC have implemented similar measures for bauxite, gold, and cobalt.

Strategic Positioning in the Global Battery Market

By enforcing the lithium concentrate export ban, Zimbabwe is positioning itself as a future hub for processed battery materials rather than a raw material supplier. This policy could attract further downstream investment while also reshaping trade flows, especially for EV and renewable energy supply chains. However, success will depend on whether domestic refining capacity can keep pace with rising demand.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Zimbabwe’s lithium export ban signals a decisive shift toward resource nationalism and value-added production. For global supply chains, this move underscores Africa’s emerging role in shaping critical mineral strategies. Investors and downstream users must adapt to a future where raw materials are less available, but refined products become central to supply security.

BMW Partners with Redwood to Recycle Lithium-Ion Batteries

Redwood

BMW Group has entered into a partnership with US-based battery recycler Redwood Materials to recycle lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles (EVs) in the automaker's portfolio. Under the deal, announced Monday, Redwood will gain access to over 700 BMW Group locations across the United States, including dealerships, distribution centers, and internal facilities, to source end-of-life batteries.

Expanding Battery Recycling Operations

Redwood highlighted its proximity to BMW's Spartanburg and Woodruff manufacturing plants in South Carolina, where one of its two campuses is located. Both companies are committed to establishing significant recycling operations in the area. BMW has aggressive plans to produce at least six electric vehicle models in the US by 2030, with a $1 billion investment to retrofit its Spartanburg plant to produce electric SUVs by 2026. Additionally, the nearby Woodruff facility will support Spartanburg by supplying batteries from its new $700 million battery assembly plant, expected to be operational by 2026.

This collaboration with BMW adds to Redwood's growing network of partnerships with automakers and battery manufacturers. In May, Redwood entered a deal with Ultium, a joint venture between General Motors and LG Chem, to recycle production waste from two facilities, which are expected to generate 10,000 metric tonnes of cathode and anode scrap annually.

China Nickel Sulphate Market Holds Firm Amid Supply Tightness and Weak NCM Demand

Nickel Sulphate

China nickel sulphate prices have remained stable for over a month due to constrained supply and sluggish demand from the NCM battery sector. Despite declining output and elevated feedstock costs, producers have resisted lowering prices to protect margins. The China nickel sulphate market is now facing a complex supply-demand imbalance shaped by both upstream disruptions and shifting downstream preferences.

Feedstock Supply Disruptions Tighten Production Margins

Nickel sulphate output in April dropped to 30,000 tonnes (nickel metal equivalent), down 13% month-on-month and 18% year-on-year. Cumulative output for January–April stood at 127,000 tonnes, 1.6% lower than the previous year, according to CNIA data. This production cut stems from limited availability of mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP) and nickel matte, both critical inputs for sulphate production. Heavy rainfall in Morowali, Indonesia, disrupted MHP production in March and April, reducing output by 5,500 tonnes. At the same time, matte producers in China shifted to more profitable nickel pig iron (NPI), reducing matte availability. Consequently, the payable indicators for MHP and matte rose significantly, eroding margins and compelling some plants—like those in Guangxi—to convert from matte to MHP feedstock. These factors have kept the China nickel sulphate market tight despite weak demand.

NCM Battery Demand Shrinks as LFP Dominance Grows

While supply tightens, demand has faltered. NCM and NCA batteries, once dominant, have lost significant market share to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries. As of April, NCM batteries accounted for just 20% of China’s battery output, while NCA stood at 17%, down from a combined 65% in 2019. This shift has impacted upstream nickel demand, causing several international projects to stall. In recent months, Eramet and BASF withdrew from their Weda Bay refining JV, and Hanrui Cobalt cancelled its MHP investment in Indonesia. Meanwhile, automakers like Volkswagen are pivoting toward LFP technology to cut costs. Demand for NCM batteries is expected to remain weak through Q2 2024, with some exporters front-loading shipments earlier in the year due to global trade tensions. As a result, the China nickel sulphate market remains under pressure, with producers navigating tight margins amid uncertain downstream growth.

The Metalnomist Commentary

China’s nickel sulphate market exemplifies the structural turbulence within the EV battery supply chain. As feedstock constraints collide with weakening demand for NCM chemistries, producers must brace for lower growth visibility and rising volatility across Asia’s nickel value chain.

China and Indonesia Strengthen Ties in Critical Minerals and Renewable Energy

Strengthen Mineral

China and Indonesia are poised to deepen their cooperation in critical mineral extraction and renewable energy, marking a strategic move as global demand for clean energy technologies continues to grow. The announcement came during Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto's inaugural visit to China from November 8–10. The collaboration emphasizes joint initiatives in new energy vehicles, lithium batteries, and photovoltaics, reflecting the two nations' shared commitment to energy transition and economic synergy.

Strategic Agreements and Investments

During President Prabowo's visit, China reaffirmed its support for Indonesia's energy sector transformation, pledging to pursue "high-quality" partnerships in digital economies, clean energy, and infrastructure development. Addressing a business forum on November 10, Prabowo welcomed increased investment from Chinese enterprises across a range of industries.

Significant agreements were sealed during the visit, including a high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) project in Sulawesi, jointly developed by Green Eco-Manufacture (GEM) and mining giant Vale Indonesia. This project will produce mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP), a critical precursor in battery cathode production, further strengthening Indonesia’s position in the electric vehicle (EV) battery supply chain.

Indonesia’s Growing Role in Global Nickel and Aluminium Markets

As the world’s largest nickel producer, Indonesia is central to global EV and battery markets. According to the International Nickel Study Group (INSG), the country's share of global nickel output is projected to rise to 60.6% in 2024 and 62.8% in 2025, driven largely by Chinese-backed projects.

Additionally, Chinese firms are investing heavily in Indonesia's aluminium industry. Nanshan Aluminium is expanding its alumina refinery in Bintan and constructing a 250,000 t/yr refined aluminium plant. Chalco and Tianshan Aluminium are each building 1mn t/yr alumina plants in Indonesia, signaling a robust growth trajectory for bilateral collaboration in critical mineral production.

Key Projects in Renewable Energy

Chinese battery materials company Changzhou Liyuan, in partnership with the Indonesia Investment Authority (INA), is scaling up its lithium iron phosphate (LFP) plant in Indonesia. By 2025, the facility's production capacity is expected to expand to 120,000 t/yr from its current 30,000 t/yr, making it the largest LFP plant outside China.

These developments underscore the growing interdependence of China and Indonesia in renewable energy and critical minerals, aligning their national priorities with global sustainability goals.

Hunan lithium resource discovery lifts China’s LCE outlook

Hunan lithium

Revised deposit metrics and strategic context

The Hunan lithium resource discovery adds a 49mn-tonne lepidolite deposit in Linwu. Authorities estimate 1.31mn t lithium oxide, or 3.24mn t LCE. The ore also contains rubidium, tungsten, and tin. Therefore, the Hunan lithium resource discovery broadens China’s battery raw material base.

Revised national resources and project pipeline

China’s lithium resource estimate now stands at 16.5% of global resources. Revisions reflect new finds in Sichuan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia, and Hunan. Meanwhile, officials still rank China second globally, behind Bolivia. As a result, the Hunan lithium resource discovery strengthens supply diversification across provinces.

Dazhong Mining investments and timeline

Inner Mongolia Dazhong Mining is building integrated mining and processing in Hunan. The 16bn-yuan plan includes ore, lithium carbonate, CAM, and battery plants. Phase one targets 10mn t per year ore and 20,000 t per year lithium carbonate in 2026. Additionally, Dazhong owns the Jiada spodumene asset in Sichuan with 1.48mn t LCE.

This discovery could influence lepidolite processing economics and domestic supply security. Granite-type lepidolite requires energy, reagents, and recovery optimization. However, co-products may offset costs and improve project viability. Therefore, downstream cathode producers could hedge against imported feedstock volatility.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Large lepidolite resources can reshape China’s midstream flexibility if recoveries scale competitively. Execution will hinge on beneficiation yields, reagent costs, and ESG standards. Watch Dazhong’s commissioning cadence and LCE conversion routes through 2026.