Rio Tinto Hydropower Investment of $1.2 Billion Secures Low-Carbon Aluminum Future

Rio tinto Aluminium

Rio Tinto hydropower investment reaches $1.2 billion for modernizing the Isle-Maligne hydroelectric power plant in Quebec, Canada. The massive Rio Tinto hydropower upgrade represents the mining giant's largest investment in hydroelectric assets since the 1950s, targeting sustainable aluminum production at its Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean operations through 2032.

Comprehensive Modernization Enhances Production Capacity

Rio Tinto hydropower modernization encompasses extensive infrastructure improvements across multiple facility components. The project will replace electrical and mechanical equipment throughout the Isle-Maligne plant while constructing facility extensions and new mechanical workshops. Additionally, engineers will improve water intake systems and hydraulic passages to optimize power generation efficiency.

Meanwhile, the upgrade includes critical spillway modifications enabling year-round operations during Canadian winter conditions. These enhancements ensure continuous power supply for aluminum smelting operations regardless of seasonal weather challenges. The comprehensive scope demonstrates Rio Tinto's commitment to long-term operational reliability in Quebec's challenging climate.

Strategic Investment Supports Integrated Aluminum Operations

However, the Isle-Maligne facility serves as a cornerstone for Rio Tinto's extensive Quebec aluminum infrastructure. The Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean operations include one alumina refinery, five wholly owned aluminum smelters, and six hydropower plants. These integrated facilities account for nearly half of Rio Tinto's global aluminum output, making reliable power generation essential.

Therefore, the modernization project directly impacts Rio Tinto's competitive position in North American aluminum markets. Sebastien Ross, Rio Tinto Aluminium's managing director for Atlantic operations, emphasized that the investment ensures long-term competitiveness for Canadian and American customers. The low-carbon aluminum production capability provides significant marketing advantages in environmentally conscious markets.

Decades-Long Commitment to Sustainable Metal Production

Furthermore, the $1.2 billion investment timeline extends through 2032, demonstrating Rio Tinto's long-term commitment to Quebec operations. The hydroelectric power source enables low-carbon aluminum production, aligning with global sustainability trends and regulatory requirements. This positioning strengthens Rio Tinto's market differentiation in premium aluminum segments.

As a result, the modernization project reinforces Quebec's role as a strategic aluminum production hub for North American markets. The combination of abundant hydroelectric resources, existing infrastructure, and skilled workforce creates competitive advantages that justify substantial capital investment in facility upgrades.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto's $1.2 billion hydropower investment exemplifies how integrated mining companies leverage renewable energy assets to maintain competitive advantages in commodity markets. The project's scale and timeline demonstrate the capital intensity required to modernize aging industrial infrastructure while positioning aluminum operations for decades of low-carbon production in increasingly sustainability-focused markets.

Rio Tinto’s 3Q Copper and Aluminium Production Declines, Bauxite Output Rises

Rio Tinto’s

Rio Tinto, the UK-Australian mining giant, posted moderate declines in mined copper and primary aluminium production in the third quarter of 2024. However, the company saw overall output growth during the first nine months of the year.

Copper Production Declines Amid Challenges at Key Mines

In the third quarter, Rio Tinto’s mined copper production dropped by 1% year-on-year, reaching 167,800 tonnes. This decline was largely due to a significant 44% decrease at the Kennecott mine in the United States, where geological issues, including ground movement, restricted access to high-grade ore, forcing the use of lower-grade material. However, the company’s Escondida mine in Chile showed a 15% increase in output, driven by higher ore grades, and Oyu Tolgoi in Mongolia experienced a 19% production boost due to increased operational efficiency.

For the first nine months of 2024, Rio Tinto's mined copper production increased by 8% year-on-year, totalling 494,700 tonnes. Meanwhile, refined copper production surged by 59% in Q3, reaching 54,300 tonnes, thanks to a 129% increase at Kennecott following its smelter and refinery rebuild in the previous quarter. This was partially offset by a 24% drop in Escondida’s refined copper output due to lower ore grades. Overall, Rio Tinto’s refined copper production for January-September was up by 39% to 179,600 tonnes.

Aluminium Production Experiences Setbacks

Rio Tinto's primary aluminium production in Q3 fell by 2% year-on-year to 809,000 tonnes. This also represented a 2% drop from the previous quarter. However, aluminium production for the first nine months of 2024 was up by 1%, totalling 2.46 million tonnes. The decline in Q3 was linked to operational issues at the New Zealand Aluminium Smelters subsidiary, where Meridian Energy halted plans for a 600 MW renewable hydrogen and ammonia project due to economic and logistical challenges. As a result, the company expects to ramp up the smelter at Tiwai Peninsula in New Zealand by the second quarter of 2025.

Rio Tinto is also focusing on sustainability. In August 2024, Rio Tinto entered a partnership with the Queensland state government in Australia to ensure the long-term future of its Boyne smelter by transitioning to renewable energy sources.

Bauxite Production Shows Growth

Bauxite production, another key commodity for Rio Tinto, increased by 8% year-on-year in Q3 to 15.1 million tonnes. This growth was driven by higher utilisation rates at Rio Tinto’s Amrun mine in Weipa, Australia, following the implementation of the company’s Safe Production System in 2021. The system uses data-driven insights to optimize maintenance scheduling and prevent bottlenecking. Total bauxite production for the first nine months of 2024 rose by 9% year-on-year, totalling 43.2 million tonnes.

Outlook for 2024

Looking ahead, Rio Tinto expects to produce between 660,000 and 720,000 tonnes of mined copper and 230,000 to 260,000 tonnes of refined copper for the remainder of 2024, indicating a steady production forecast for the rest of the year despite the challenges faced in Q3.

Chile Rio Tinto Lithium Deposit Partnership Secures Largest Undeveloped Resource

Chile Rio Tinto

Chile Rio Tinto lithium deposit partnership emerged as Chile's national mining company Enami selected the Anglo-Australian miner to explore and develop the Altoandinos project, the country's largest undeveloped lithium deposit. The Chile Rio Tinto lithium deposit agreement establishes a public-private concession with Rio Tinto holding 51% ownership while Enami retains 49%, representing a combined $3 billion investment where Rio Tinto contributes $425 million for access to over 15 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent resources.

Competitive Selection Process Validates Rio Tinto's Technology Leadership

Chile Rio Tinto lithium deposit selection followed Enami's unanimous board decision choosing Rio Tinto from a competitive pool including China's BYD, France's Eramet, and South Korea's Posco. Rio Tinto's proprietary direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology provided the decisive advantage, offering faster and more environmentally friendly operations compared to traditional evaporation methods. The DLE approach eliminates brine evaporation requirements while accelerating production timelines and reducing environmental impact.

Meanwhile, Rio Tinto's Rincon plant in Argentina serves as a demonstration and pilot facility for Chilean operations since both brine deposits share similar chemical compositions. This existing operational experience provides technical validation and reduces development risks for the Altoandinos project. Rio Tinto will assume complete operational responsibility while financing the project through financial operation and contributing to pre-feasibility study expenses.

Massive Resource Scale Supports 75,000 Tonne Annual Production

However, the Altoandinos salt flat contains substantial lithium resources exceeding 15 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent with production capacity reaching 75,000 tonnes annually according to Enami projections. This production scale positions the project among global lithium industry leaders while supporting Chile's strategic objectives for lithium sector development. The resource magnitude justifies the $3 billion investment commitment from both partnership participants.

Therefore, the project timeline remains under development with no specific operational start date announced pending pre-feasibility study completion and regulatory approvals. The comprehensive development approach ensures technical optimization while addressing environmental and social considerations essential for sustainable lithium extraction. Rio Tinto's operational expertise combined with Enami's local knowledge creates optimal conditions for successful project implementation.

Strategic Expansion Reinforces Chile Lithium Market Leadership

Furthermore, the Altoandinos partnership follows Rio Tinto's recent selection by Chilean copper giant Codelco for the Maricunga salt flat exploration, representing Chile's second-largest undeveloped lithium deposit. This dual partnership positioning demonstrates Rio Tinto's strategic commitment to Chilean lithium development while reinforcing Chile's global lithium market leadership. The concurrent projects create synergies for technology deployment and operational efficiency.

As a result, Chile strengthens its position as the world's premier lithium jurisdiction through strategic partnerships with established international miners possessing advanced extraction technologies. The public-private partnership model enables state participation in resource development while leveraging private sector expertise and capital. This approach maximizes economic benefits while maintaining national control over strategic mineral resources essential for global energy transition.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Chile's selection of Rio Tinto for both the Altoandinos and Maricunga lithium projects demonstrates sophisticated resource development strategy that prioritizes advanced extraction technology and environmental sustainability over purely financial considerations. The emphasis on direct lithium extraction capabilities reflects Chile's commitment to maintaining global lithium leadership through technological innovation, particularly important as competition intensifies from emerging producers in Argentina, Australia, and other jurisdictions seeking market share.

Rio Tinto to Invest $165 Million in Grande-Baie Anode Furnaces Overhaul

Rio Tinto, the UK-Australian mining giant, is set to invest $165 million to refurbish two carbon-anode baking furnaces at its Grande-Baie aluminum smelter in Quebec, Canada. This upgrade is part of the company's broader strategy, which includes advancing inert anode technology at its Arvida plant.

The refurbishment will involve rebuilding the Péchiney furnaces' concrete shell and refractory lining in two phases across 2025 and 2026. These furnaces are critical, supplying about 60% of the 280,000 anodes annually needed for the 816 pots at Rio Tinto's Grande-Baie and Laterrière smelters. During the phased shutdowns for the rebuild, Rio Tinto plans to maintain production by utilizing a third furnace with different technology, stockpiled anodes, and market purchases. This strategy ensures no impact on aluminum production.

The overhaul will reduce Rio Tinto's demand for calcined petroleum coke (CPC) over the next two years, but the long-term CPC demand is expected to stabilize, as the refurbished equipment will serve the smelters for "decades to come," according to the company. The upgraded furnaces are projected to have a lifespan of about 25 years.

Simultaneously, Rio Tinto is making significant strides in commercializing inert anode technology. Last month, the company announced a substantial investment to advance this technology, which could eventually render carbon anodes and the traditional Hall-Héroult smelting process obsolete. Rio Tinto has obtained the first technology license to use the Elysis process at its Arvida smelter. Elysis, a joint venture between Rio Tinto and Alcoa, aims to commercialize inert anode technology. Together with the Quebec government, Rio Tinto will invest a total of $285 million to design, engineer, and construct a 10-pot, 2,500 t/yr plant as a pilot project to demonstrate the Elysis technology. This project is considered a "critical step in Rio Tinto's learning journey towards full-scale industrialization," with first production targeted for 2027. Alcoa has an option to purchase a portion of the aluminum produced during the first four years. Additionally, Elysis plans to launch industrial prototype cells using inert anodes at Rio Tinto's Alma smelter later this year.

Elysis is at the forefront of efforts to replace CO2-emitting carbon anodes, which are made from anode-grade calcined petroleum coke, with inert anodes that release oxygen. Other companies, such as Germany-based Trimet, are also developing similar technologies.

Despite these advancements, carbon anodes are expected to remain in use for the foreseeable future. Rio Tinto's investment in the Grande-Baie baking furnaces underscores this reality. One market participant described it as a "public setback" for inert anode technology, noting that it signals Rio Tinto's intent to continue using carbon technology for the next 10-20 years. Another participant suggested that inert anode technology might not significantly impact carbon anode demand until after 2030, possibly even 2035.

Kennecott Copper Mine Suspension Adds Pressure to Rio Tinto’s US Copper Chain

Kennecott Copper Mine

Kennecott copper mine operations have been suspended after a contractor died in an incident at Rio Tinto’s Utah project on 12 March. The company has halted all surface and underground mining work while authorities investigate, adding another disruption to one of the most important copper assets in the United States.

The suspension comes at a difficult time for Kennecott copper mine operations. Rio Tinto spent much of last year managing unstable ground conditions, low concentrate inventories, and repeated interruptions across the site’s processing chain. The company did not indicate whether concentrating, smelting, or refining operations had been halted.

Kennecott copper mine performance remains strategically important because the US copper supply chain has limited large-scale domestic mining and refining capacity. Any extended disruption at Kennecott could tighten raw material availability for the site’s downstream operations and reinforce concerns over ageing domestic copper assets.

Ageing Asset Faces Safety, Geotechnical, and Feedstock Constraints

Rio Tinto’s Kennecott project has already faced significant operational strain. Refined copper output fell by almost one-third last year to 134,000 tonnes after geotechnical setbacks and raw material shortages triggered several smelter shutdowns.

The latest suspension raises the risk of further pressure on mine feed availability. Even if smelting and refining continue, prolonged mining disruption could reduce concentrate flow and make it harder to stabilize the broader copper chain.

Kennecott’s challenges also show the structural difficulty of maintaining mature copper assets. Ageing mines often require more complex ground control, higher sustaining investment, and tighter operational discipline. When safety incidents, unstable ground, and low inventories overlap, production reliability becomes harder to protect.

Underground Expansion Remains Central to Rio Tinto’s Copper Strategy

Rio Tinto continues to invest in Kennecott despite the setbacks. The company completed installation of a 30MW solar power unit at the site in January, signalling that long-term modernization remains part of its plan for the Utah operation.

The bigger strategic focus is the underground build-out, including the North Rim Skarn project. Rio Tinto has been relying on this expansion to add about 250,000 tonnes per year of mining capacity and strengthen Kennecott’s future feed base.

The timeline has already slipped. The new section was originally expected to come online in 2024, before delays pushed first production to late 2025, with ramp-up now planned for this year. Successful execution will be critical if Rio Tinto wants to reduce Kennecott’s role as the weak link in its copper portfolio, especially after stronger production gains from Oyu Tolgoi in Mongolia lifted the company’s global copper output last year.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Kennecott’s latest suspension highlights the fragility of domestic copper supply when mature assets face safety and geotechnical pressure. For Rio Tinto, the North Rim Skarn ramp-up is no longer just an expansion project; it is central to restoring confidence in the US copper chain.

Rio Tinto Copper Output Rises as Oyu Tolgoi Offsets Lithium Weakness

Rio Tinto

Rio Tinto copper output increased in the first quarter as stronger production from the Oyu Tolgoi mine in Mongolia lifted the group’s global copper performance. The UK-Australian miner produced 229,000t of consolidated copper in January-March, up 9% from a year earlier.

Rio Tinto copper output growth was driven mainly by copper in concentrates from Oyu Tolgoi, where production rose by 56% to 102,000t. The ramp-up helped offset weaker concentrate output at Escondida and lower refined copper production at Kennecott.

The first-quarter result shows the changing shape of Rio Tinto’s portfolio. Copper is gaining strategic weight as electrification, grids and industrial infrastructure support long-term demand, while lithium remains more exposed to weather, ramp-up timing and early-stage project execution.

At the same time, Rio Tinto reported higher alumina production but weaker bauxite and lithium output. Heavy rainfall and cyclone-related disruptions affected Australian bauxite mines, while weather events in Argentina reduced lithium carbonate equivalent production.

Copper Growth Strengthens Despite Mixed Mine Performance

Oyu Tolgoi was the strongest contributor to Rio Tinto copper output in the first quarter. Its continued ramp-up in Mongolia lifted copper in concentrates production to 102,000t, reinforcing the mine’s role as one of the group’s most important growth assets.

The result matters because large copper projects are increasingly difficult to bring into stable production. Oyu Tolgoi gives Rio Tinto a major long-life copper source at a time when global mine supply remains vulnerable to grades, permitting delays and operational disruptions.

Escondida delivered a mixed quarter. Refined copper output at the Chilean operation rose by 21% to 16,000t, but concentrates production fell by 14% to 77,000t.

Kennecott in the US was weaker. Refined copper production fell by 20% to 34,000t because of lower anode inventories after unplanned smelter maintenance and reduced concentrator throughput caused by geotechnical constraints.

Rio Tinto kept its full-year copper production guidance unchanged at 800,000-870,000t. This suggests the company sees first-quarter disruptions as manageable within its broader 2026 plan.

The company also began drilling at the Resolution Copper project in Arizona after completing the land exchange in March. Resolution remains strategically important because it could become a major US copper source if development advances.

Rio Tinto copper output therefore carries both short-term and long-term significance. Oyu Tolgoi is already lifting production, while Resolution represents future supply optionality in a market increasingly focused on domestic and allied copper sources.

Lithium Falls as Weather Disrupts Argentina Operations

Rio Tinto’s lithium performance weakened sharply in the first quarter. Attributable lithium carbonate equivalent production fell by 26% on the year to 12,700t.

The decline was caused by heavy rainfall and weather events that disrupted operations at Olaroz and Fenix in Argentina. These disruptions show that lithium brine and carbonate operations remain sensitive to weather, water balance and site logistics.

The continued ramp-up at the Rincón starter plant partly offset the production impact. Rincón is important for Rio Tinto’s lithium strategy because it supports the company’s expansion into battery materials.

Rio Tinto maintained its 2026 LCE production guidance at 61,000-64,000t. First production from Fenix 1B and Sal de Vida remains on track for the second half of 2026.

The aluminium chain also showed mixed results. Primary aluminium output rose by 1% on the year to 835,000t, but fell by 2% from the previous quarter.

Alumina production increased by 6% to 2.04mn t, while bauxite production fell by 11% to 13.28mn t. Heavy rainfall at Weipa in Queensland and cyclone-related shutdowns at Weipa and Gove reduced bauxite output.

Recycled aluminium production also fell by 8% to 61,000t. Rio Tinto kept 2026 guidance unchanged for primary aluminium, alumina and bauxite, indicating confidence in recovery through the year.

The first-quarter data show a portfolio with different operating pressures. Copper is benefiting from major mine ramp-up, lithium is facing weather disruption, and aluminium raw materials are exposed to Australian climate events.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s first quarter shows why diversified miners need both growth assets and operational resilience. Oyu Tolgoi is strengthening Rio Tinto copper output, but weather-linked lithium and bauxite disruptions show that energy-transition supply chains remain exposed to physical operating risk.

Rio Tinto Signs Low-Carbon Aluminium Project Deal in India

Rio Tinto, Low-Carbon Aluminium

Focus Keyphrase: Low-Carbon Aluminium Project

Rio Tinto signed an agreement to launch a low-carbon aluminium project in India, targeting rapid growth in sustainable metal production. The deal with India's AMG Metal & Mining focuses on a renewable-powered aluminium smelter and alumina refinery, aiming to reshape the region’s green aluminum supply chain.

The proposed project includes a 1mn t/yr aluminium smelter and a 2mn t/yr alumina refinery, with a 500,000 t/yr smelter under study for phase one. It will use renewable energy with pumped hydro storage, aligning with Rio Tinto’s strategy to expand low-carbon aluminium operations in emerging markets.

India as a Strategic Base for Clean Aluminium

Rio Tinto’s entry into India signals a strategic shift toward responsible and cost-effective aluminium production in Asia. The partnership supports India's aluminium needs and European export opportunities, backed by Rio Tinto’s Australian bauxite reserves.

Jerome Pecresse, CEO of Rio Tinto Aluminium, emphasized the company’s commitment to clean energy and long-term aluminium supply chains. The firm plans to leverage India's industrial expansion while maintaining its ESG commitments.

Renewable Energy Integration Gains Traction

This low-carbon aluminium project reflects a growing trend in decarbonizing metals production, especially in energy-intensive sectors. By incorporating pumped hydro storage, the project aims to deliver stable, sustainable electricity to power smelting operations, cutting carbon emissions significantly.

As global demand for green aluminium increases, Rio Tinto positions itself to supply responsibly sourced metal across multiple continents.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s move into India’s aluminium sector reflects a convergence of ESG priorities and emerging market demand. This project could become a benchmark for future low-carbon metals initiatives in Asia and beyond.

Rio Tinto Explores Gallium Extraction in Canada Amid Global Supply Shift

Rio Tinto

Global mining giant Rio Tinto is investigating the feasibility of extracting gallium from its operations in Canada, positioning itself to play a critical role in the North American supply chain for this strategically significant metal. The company plans to establish a demonstration plant in Quebec's Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region, which could eventually produce up to 40 million tonnes of gallium annually, accounting for 5-10% of global output.

Leveraging Bauxite for Gallium Extraction

The gallium extraction initiative focuses on utilizing the gallium present in the bauxite ore processed at Rio Tinto's alumina refinery in Quebec. This approach highlights the company’s innovation in valorizing existing materials in its production processes.

During the project's initial phase, Rio Tinto will evaluate the technology required to extract gallium. If successful, the company aims to build a demonstration facility capable of producing 3.5 million tonnes annually in its early stages, with plans to expand capacity as demand grows.

Gallium, a critical metal primarily used in the semiconductor and solar panel industries, has seen a surge in strategic importance following China's decision to restrict exports of gallium and other vital minerals to the U.S. As the world's largest gallium producer, China's actions underscore the need for alternative sources, making Rio Tinto's initiative a pivotal development.

Strengthening North American Critical Mineral Supply

Rio Tinto’s project aligns with broader efforts to bolster the North American supply chain for critical and strategic minerals, ensuring a more resilient and independent supply network. Rio Tinto Aluminium’s chief executive, Jerome Pecresse, emphasized the project’s role in addressing geopolitical and supply chain challenges in the global critical metals market.

With the growing reliance on gallium for advanced technologies, including semiconductors and renewable energy solutions, Rio Tinto’s project represents a significant step forward in diversifying the global supply of this vital resource.

RBM Mineral Sands Expansion Extends Rio Tinto’s Zircon and Ilmenite Supply

Rio Tinto Blue Horizon

RBM mineral sands expansion approval gives Rio Tinto a longer supply runway for zircon and ilmenite from its Richards Bay Minerals operation in South Africa. The $473mn Zulti South project is designed to extend mined supply as ore grades and availability decline at the existing Zulti North lease area.

Rio Tinto owns 74pc of Richards Bay Minerals, while Blue Horizon holds 24pc. RBM currently operates four mines in the Zulti North lease area, alongside a mineral separation plant and smelting facility. Construction at Zulti South is expected to begin in the first quarter of 2026 and take around 30 months.

RBM mineral sands expansion is expected to support production from the fourth quarter of 2028. The project aims to extend RBM’s operations to 2050, giving the business a longer-term role in global mineral sands supply.

Zulti South Restarts After Earlier Security and Community Delays

The Zulti South project was originally approved in April 2019, but Rio Tinto later suspended development because of security and community issues. The new approval shows that the company is prepared to move forward after a long delay.

This history matters because mineral sands projects depend not only on geology and capital, but also on stable operating conditions. Community relations, security, permitting, logistics, and site reliability can determine whether high-quality deposits become dependable supply sources.

RBM mineral sands expansion also reflects the need to replace declining ore supply at Zulti North. As mature ore bodies deplete, producers must invest in new mining areas to maintain feedstock availability for separation, smelting, and downstream customers.

Zircon and Ilmenite Supply Supports Industrial and Titanium Markets

Zircon and ilmenite are important industrial minerals with strategic downstream uses. Zircon serves ceramics, refractories, foundry applications, and specialty industrial products. Ilmenite and rutile are key feedstocks for titanium dioxide production, which is widely used in pigments, paints, coatings, plastics, and paper.

Titanium dioxide feedstock also connects the mineral sands market to titanium metal supply chains. While pigment remains the dominant demand driver, titanium-bearing minerals ultimately support industries tied to aerospace, chemicals, energy, and advanced manufacturing.

Rio Tinto’s approval therefore strengthens a long-term feedstock position in a market where mine life, jurisdictional stability, and processing integration matter. The expansion gives RBM a clearer path to remain a major supplier of mineral sands into the middle of the century.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s Zulti South approval shows that mineral sands supply security depends on long-cycle mine replacement, not short-term price movements. The strategic value lies in extending zircon and ilmenite availability before mature deposits tighten the feedstock pipeline.

Rio Tinto Gallium Extraction Project Aims to Diversify Supply Chain

Gallium

New North American Gallium Supply Targets China Dependency

Rio Tinto has initiated gallium extraction in partnership with Indium Corporation at a U.S. research facility. This marks the first milestone in Rio Tinto’s plan to establish a North American gallium supply chain. The project will advance toward pilot-scale production and a demonstration plant in Quebec, which could yield 3.5 t/yr of gallium.

Full-Scale Rio Tinto Gallium Extraction Could Reach 40 t/yr

The commercial vision includes up to 40 t/yr of gallium output at Rio Tinto’s Vaudreuil alumina refinery in Canada. This volume represents up to 10% of global gallium production and could significantly reshape global market dynamics. Gallium is vital for semiconductors, LEDs, solar cells, and defense applications.

Geopolitics Driving Urgency in Gallium Diversification

China dominates gallium production, generating 750t in 2024 with capacity nearing 1,000 t/yr. However, recent Chinese export restrictions have disrupted global supply, especially after Beijing banned gallium exports to the U.S. in late 2024. Rio Tinto’s gallium extraction project is a direct response to mitigate this supply risk.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s gallium initiative signals a major step toward reshoring critical mineral supply chains. As China tightens export controls, North America must accelerate efforts to build independent capabilities in high-tech materials like gallium and indium.

Rio Tinto’s Copper, Aluminium Earnings Surge in First Half of 2024

UK-Australian mining firm Rio Tintos aluminium and copper earnings increased year on year in the first half of 2024.

Copper

Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (Ebitda) in Rio Tinto's copper business increased by 67% on the year in the first half to $1.8 million, benefiting from the ramp-up at Oyu Tolgoi in Mongolia and resumed operations at the Kennecott smelter in the United States following its rebuild last year.

Rio Tinto's mined copper production increased by 13% on the year to 327,000 tons in the first half of this year on the back of higher output from its three operations. Mined copper output increased by 9% on the year at Escondida in Chile and 18% at Kennecott. Mined copper output also increased by 15% at Oyu Tolgoi, keeping it on track to reach 500,000 tons per year of copper from 2028 to 2036.

Refined copper production increased by 32% on the year to 125,000 tons in the first half owing to the resumed operations at Kennecott, partially offset by lower refined copper production from Escondida by 19%.

The firm expects to produce 660,000-720,000 tons of mined copper and 230,000-260,000 tons of refined copper in 2024.

Aluminium

Rio Tinto's aluminium business saw Ebitda jump 38% higher on the year in the first six months, reaching $1.58 billion, as revenues edged up by 4% to $6.49 billion.

The company reported easing costs for key raw materials such as caustic soda, coke, and pitch. Average all-in prices remained broadly stable as rising London Metal Exchange aluminium prices were mitigated by lower premiums.

Rio produced 1.65 million tons of aluminium in the first half, up by 3% on the year, with broadly stable production across its smelter network.

The company produced 3.54 million tons of alumina in the first half, down by 5% on the year, while bauxite production rose by 10% on the year to 28.1 million tons in the first half.

In the second quarter, Rio Tinto began consolidating ownership of its aluminium smelters. At the end of May, the company agreed to acquire Japanese firm Sumitomo Chemical's stake in New Zealand Aluminium Smelters, giving Rio Tinto 100% ownership of the company. The following month, it agreed to acquire Japanese firm Mitsubishi's 11.65% stake in the Boyne Smelters subsidiary, which owns and operates the Boyne Island aluminium smelter in Gladstone.

Rio Tinto Argentina Lithium Incentives Expand Fenix Growth Plan

Rio Tinto Argentina Lithium

Rio Tinto Argentina lithium incentives have strengthened again after Argentina approved the company’s $530 million expansion of the Fenix lithium project under its large-investment incentive regime. The approval marks Rio Tinto’s second lithium project accepted under Rigi, reinforcing Argentina’s role in the group’s battery materials strategy.

The Fenix expansion is expected to add 9,500 t/yr of lithium carbonate equivalent production capacity. Once completed, total output from the project is expected to reach around 41,500 t/yr.

Rio Tinto Argentina lithium incentives also support the company’s broader target to produce 200,000 t/yr of lithium carbonate equivalent by 2028. Most of that output is expected to come from Argentina, where Rio Tinto significantly expanded its position through the acquisition of Arcadium Lithium assets.

Fenix Expansion Adds Capacity to a Long-Running Lithium Asset

The Fenix project has operated in Catamarca province since 1997 and currently has nameplate capacity of 32,000 t/yr. The approved expansion adds new production to an established asset, reducing some of the execution risk compared with a fully greenfield project.

Argentina’s economy minister Luis Caputo said the new build would add $165 million to Fenix’s annual revenue from lithium carbonate equivalent sales. This gives the expansion clear commercial weight at a time when lithium producers are prioritising scale, cost control, and project discipline.

The approval also follows Rio Tinto’s earlier Rigi acceptance for Rincon. That $2.7 billion project is designed for 60,000 t/yr of lithium output and is expected to become the company’s future flagship lithium operation in Argentina.

Rigi Gives Argentina a Stronger Lithium Investment Platform

Rigi has become a central part of Argentina’s strategy to attract large-scale mining investment. The regime grants exemptions from value-added and import-export taxes, offers legal protections, and guarantees 30 years of regulatory stability.

That stability is especially important in lithium, where projects require large capital commitments, long permitting timelines, and confidence in tax and export rules. For Rio Tinto, Rigi helped support the investment case for deeper exposure to Argentina’s lithium sector.

The company’s former chief executive Jakob Stausholm said Rigi was one of the main reasons behind his confidence in acquiring Arcadium Lithium’s Argentine assets. That shows how fiscal and legal stability can directly influence global mining capital allocation.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Argentina is using Rigi to convert lithium resource potential into project commitments from major global miners. Rio Tinto’s second approval shows that policy stability can become as important as geology when battery metal producers decide where to invest.

Rio Tinto Boosts Global Copper and Aluminium Output in Early 2025

Rio Tinto Mining

Amrun Bauxite and Alumina Operations Drive Growth

Rio Tinto increased its global copper and aluminium output in the first quarter of 2025. The UK-Australian producer reported 15mn tonnes of bauxite and 1.9mn tonnes of alumina production from January to March, up 12pc and 3pc year-on-year respectively.

Meanwhile, its Amrun bauxite mine in Queensland exceeded nameplate capacity. Alumina output also rebounded from prior gas supply disruptions. Despite global supply headwinds, Rio Tinto maintained its full-year guidance for all major commodities including 3.25mn–3.45mn tonnes of aluminium and up to 850,000 tonnes of copper.

Aluminium Output Stable Amid Energy Constraints

Rio Tinto’s aluminium production remained flat year-on-year. Its Tiwai Point smelter in New Zealand operated at reduced capacity due to a request from Meridian Energy. However, a production ramp-up is scheduled for late August.

At the same time, the Kitimat smelter in Canada faced energy supply issues that limited further growth. While the US announced new tariffs on aluminium and steel in March, Rio Tinto confirmed minimal short-term shipment impact. Yet, long-term consequences remain uncertain for its Australian smelters.

Copper Output Rises Despite Refining Cuts

Copper output rose across Rio Tinto’s operations in Utah, Chile, and Mongolia. However, refining volumes declined by 10pc owing to depleted stockpiles and technical issues at Utah’s Kennecott site.

As a result, Rio Tinto is expanding the Kennecott mine with a new underground section. The North Rim Skarn, initially scheduled for 2024, will now start operations in the second half of 2025 and is expected to boost copper capacity by 250,000 t/yr.

 

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s Q1 output results suggest strong upstream resilience, especially in bauxite. However, energy access and refining disruptions remain critical variables. The success of Kennecott’s expansion will be key to meeting 2025 copper targets.

Rio Tinto to Test Titanium and Scandium Sorting Technology

Rio Tinto Titanium Mining

Rio Tinto Invests in Ore-Sorting Innovation

UK-Australian mining firm Rio Tinto will invest C$7.6mn ($5.6mn) to test a new ore-sorting technology at its Lac Tio mine in Quebec, Canada. The technology will sort ore based on titanium and scandium content directly at the source, reducing the amount of material transported to Rio Tinto’s iron and titanium metallurgical and critical minerals complex in Quebec.

The government of Quebec will contribute C$2.5mn ($1.8mn) through its support program for critical and strategic metals processing. This partnership underscores the region’s focus on developing advanced processing capacity for critical minerals.

Importance of Titanium and Scandium in Global Markets

Rio Tinto’s Quebec operations already produce titanium dioxide, covering 19% of global demand, alongside scandium oxide. Titanium dioxide is widely used in pigments and sunscreens, while scandium oxide plays a vital role in high-strength aluminum alloys for aircraft, as well as in electronic ceramics and glass.

As a result, the new sorting technology has the potential to increase efficiency, reduce carbon intensity, and strengthen North America’s position in critical minerals supply chains. By advancing titanium and scandium processing, Rio Tinto could also enhance the security of supply for industries facing rising demand.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s investment in titanium and scandium ore-sorting technology signals a clear shift toward greater efficiency and sustainability in critical minerals. By reducing transport needs and improving resource utilization, the project strengthens Quebec’s role as a global hub for strategic materials. This initiative also highlights the increasing importance of scandium, a rare but essential element for advanced manufacturing.

Rio Tinto’s Nuton Invests $35 Million in McEwen Copper’s Los Azules Project

Rio Tinto’s

Rio Tinto’s Nuton venture, known for its innovative leaching technology to enhance copper recovery, has invested $35 million in McEwen Copper, a subsidiary of McEwen Mining, to advance the Los Azules copper project in Argentina. The funds will support a feasibility study for Los Azules, slated to commence in the first half of 2025.

Key Details on the Los Azules Project

• Location: San Juan Province, Argentina.
• Production Goal: 100,000 t/yr of copper cathode with 99.9% purity starting in 2027.
• Project Duration: Expected to operate for at least 33 years.

Investment Breakdown

This funding forms part of a $70 million financing round for Los Azules:

• First Tranche: Included $14 million from McEwen Mining and $5 million from CEO Rob McEwen.
• Second Tranche: Featured Nuton’s $35 million investment and $2 million from two other investors.

Following this second tranche, McEwen Copper has raised a total of $56 million, with Nuton acquiring a 17.2% stake in the company on a fully diluted basis.

Strategic Importance

The investment underscores Rio Tinto’s growing focus on leveraging leaching technology to improve copper recovery efficiency, addressing rising global demand for high-purity copper. The Los Azules project is set to play a pivotal role in bolstering sustainable copper production, essential for renewable energy systems and electric vehicles.

Rio Tinto 2026 production guidance signals steady aluminium and higher alumina

Rio Tinto

Rio Tinto 2026 production guidance sets 2026 targets for bauxite, alumina, and aluminium. Rio Tinto 2026 production guidance keeps aluminium steady while it lifts alumina output. The company targets 58–61mn t of bauxite, 7.6–8mn t of alumina, and 3.25–3.45mn t of aluminium. However, tailings limits and power contracts shape the real supply outlook.

Bauxite and alumina tighten around operational constraints

Bauxite volumes will dip slightly as Rio Tinto eases Weipa output after a strong 2025. The company ran the Amrun mine above capacity for most of 2025. As a result, the complex lifted production by 8pc in January–September. Meanwhile, Rio Tinto plans a 2027 expansion at Norman Creek.

Alumina guidance rises, but Rio Tinto will curb output at Yarwun refinery in late 2026. The company expects 7.6–8mn t of alumina in 2026. However, it will cut the 3mn t/yr refinery by 1.2mn t/yr from October 2026. The site supplied about 39pc of Rio Tinto’s alumina in July–September.

Aluminium stays steady as capex and power risks grow

Aluminium output stays flat, yet the company invests heavily in low-carbon capacity. Rio Tinto plans 3.25–3.45mn t of aluminium in 2026. Meanwhile, it will expand the AP60 smelter in Canada to 220,000 t/yr. The $1.1bn project will add 96 pots in early 2026.

Australian power risk now threatens stable smelting volumes. Rio Tinto must secure a new power deal with Hydro Tasmania for Bell Bay smelter by end-2026. However, high energy costs could also force a 2028 closure decision at Tomago smelter in New South Wales. Meanwhile, Rio Tinto pursues growth through an India low-carbon smelter plan with AMG Metal and Mining. Therefore, Rio Tinto 2026 production guidance will face execution risk beyond the headline ranges.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s stable aluminium guidance hides rising constraints across refining and smelting. However, the AP60 expansion signals confidence in premium, low-carbon metal demand. Therefore, investors should watch tailings solutions and power negotiations more than volume targets.

Rio Tinto Anticipates Higher Copper and Aluminum Production in 2025

Rio Tinto

Rio Tinto, the UK-Australian mining giant, has projected a significant increase in copper and aluminum output in its 2025 forecasts, signaling robust growth prospects for these critical industrial metals. Today, the company announced that it expects copper production to jump to 780,000–850,000 tonnes, a considerable rise from this year's 660,000–720,000 tonnes.

Expanded Output at Oyu Tolgoi Copper Mine Drives Growth

This increase is largely attributed to a 50% output boost at the Oyu Tolgoi copper mine in Mongolia, a critical asset in Rio Tinto's portfolio, which aligns with the company’s strategic objective to hit an annual production of 1 million tonnes of copper by 2030.

Broader Increases Across Aluminum and Other Metals

Alongside copper, projections for aluminum production also show an optimistic uptrend. The company's 2025 aluminium output is forecasted to increase to between 3.25 million and 3.45 million tonnes, up from the current 3.2 million to 3.4 million tonnes. This rise is part of a broader escalation in Rio Tinto's production across the board, with bauxite and alumina outputs also seeing upward revisions. Specifically, bauxite production is expected to grow from 53 million to 56 million tonnes in 2024 to 57 million to 59 million tonnes in 2025, and alumina production is set to increase from 7 million to 7.3 million tonnes to 7 million to 7.8 million tonnes.

To support these ambitious production targets, Rio Tinto has also revised its capital expenditure for 2025 upwards to an estimated $11 billion from $9.5 billion in 2024. This financial commitment underscores the company’s dedication to expanding its mining and production capabilities, reflecting confidence in the ongoing demand for these essential metals.

The strategic ramp-up in production capacities at key sites like Oyu Tolgoi and the increased capital investments highlight Rio Tinto's proactive approach to capitalizing on the expected global demand for copper and aluminum, driven by sectors such as electronics, construction, and automotive industries.

Rio Tinto's $2.5 Billion Investment Boosts Argentina's Lithium Production Capabilities

Rio Tinto Argentina's Lithium

International mining giant Rio Tinto has announced a substantial $2.5 billion investment in the expansion of its Rincon lithium operation in Argentina, aiming to increase the country's lithium production six-fold over the next decade. This move marks a significant step in Argentina's ambition to become a leading global energy supplier.

Strategic Expansion and Technological Advancements

The Rincon project, located in Salta province, commenced with a 3,000 metric tons per year starter plant in November and is Rio Tinto's inaugural commercial lithium operation. The new investment will enhance annual production to 60,000 metric tons of battery-grade lithium carbonate. Utilizing advanced direct lithium extraction (DLE) technology, the expansion is set to begin construction in mid-2025, with ramped-up production expected to start in 2028 and reach full capacity early in the next decade.

This strategic enhancement not only elevates Rio Tinto's position in the lithium market but also contributes significantly to Argentina's growing status in the global energy sector, alongside its LNG and oil exports.

Argentina's Lithium Market and Economic Reforms

Argentina currently ranks as the fourth-largest lithium producer globally, boasting substantial reserves and resources. The nation is a crucial part of the "lithium triangle," which includes neighboring Bolivia and Chile and holds about 60% of the world's lithium resources.

In support of such large-scale investments, Argentina has implemented economic reforms including the Regimen de Incentivo Grande Inversiones (RIGI), which offers tax and customs benefits, and legal stability for investments exceeding $200 million. Rio Tinto is among the companies poised to benefit from RIGI, reflecting a favorable investment environment under President Javier Milei's administration, which has also introduced sweeping tax reforms aimed at boosting economic stability and growth.

Rio Tinto Increases Aluminium and Copper Production in 2024, Sets Higher Targets for 2025

Rio Tinto

Strong Growth in Bauxite and Aluminium Output

Rio Tinto, a leading UK-Australian mining firm, reported increased bauxite and aluminium production in 2024, surpassing expectations. The company extracted 58.7 million tonnes of bauxite, exceeding its guidance range of 53-56 million tonnes. Despite a 3% decline in alumina production, Rio Tinto achieved 7.3 million tonnes, reaching the upper limit of its revised 7-7.3 million tonne guidance.

The Amrun bauxite mine in Queensland, with a 10 million tonne per year capacity, operated above its expected levels. Meanwhile, aluminium production rose by 1% to 3.3 million tonnes, supported by the Kitimat plant in Canada, which reached full capacity in late 2023, and Rio Tinto’s ownership of the New Zealand Aluminium Smelter.

Copper and Alumina Expansion Plans for 2025

Rio Tinto revised its 2025 production targets, slightly increasing projections for bauxite, alumina, and aluminium. The company expects:

• 57-59 million tonnes of bauxite
• 7.4-7.8 million tonnes of alumina
• 3.25-3.45 million tonnes of aluminium

The New Zealand Aluminium Smelter will continue ramping up in early 2025, while Rio Tinto aims to complete the AP60 low-carbon aluminium smelter expansion in Quebec, Canada, by 2026. This project will increase aluminium output by 160,000 tonnes per year to 220,000 tonnes per year.

Copper Production Strategy and Expansion Projects

Rio Tinto modified its copper reporting metrics, consolidating mined and refined copper output into a single figure. The company targets 780,000-850,000 tonnes of copper production in 2025, up from 792,000 tonnes in 2024.

Growth will primarily come from:

• The Oyu Tolgoi mine in Mongolia, which ramped up to 168,100 tonnes per year in 2024.

• The North Rim Skarn copper project near Salt Lake City, US, set to launch in mid-2025 with an expected output of 250,000 tonnes per year.

With rising global demand for low-carbon aluminium and copper, Rio Tinto’s production increases could significantly impact global supply chains and metal prices.

Rio Tinto Expands Amrun Bauxite Capacity with Kangwinan Project

Kangwinan

Amrun Mine Expansion Aims to Offset Upcoming Closures

Rio Tinto plans to boost its Australian bauxite output by developing the Kangwinan project alongside its Amrun bauxite mine. The expansion will support long-term supply as the Gove and Andoom mines are scheduled to shut around 2030. Rio Tinto confirmed the final investment decision for Kangwinan is expected in 2026, with production starting in 2029.

Kangwinan will add up to 20mn t/yr, complementing the 23mn t/yr already produced at Amrun in northern Queensland. Earlier this year, Rio Tinto ran Amrun above capacity, achieving 15mn t in Q1 2025. The expansion includes port upgrades and will help replace output lost from the 13mn t/yr Gove and Andoom mines.

ESG Compliance and Renewable Energy Integration

Rio Tinto is under growing pressure to meet Australia's reformed safeguard mechanism compliance targets. Weipa operations emitted 270,463t CO₂e in 2023–24, surpassing the baseline and prompting surrender of 14,025 carbon credits. To cut emissions, Rio Tinto launched a solar and battery project at Amrun, aiming to reduce diesel electricity by 37%.

The renewable system is projected to lower Amrun’s carbon output by 14,000t CO₂e annually. This aligns with Rio Tinto's broader ESG and decarbonization commitments across its global mining operations.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rio Tinto’s expansion at Amrun reinforces Australia's role in global bauxite supply amid tightening ESG mandates. The Kangwinan project reflects a strategic pivot toward cleaner, long-term operations as legacy mines near closure. Bauxite's role in decarbonized aluminum production is becoming increasingly vital in global energy transition strategies.