USAR acquires Less Common Metals to accelerate mine-to-magnet strategy

USA Rare Earth

USAR acquires Less Common Metals in a $125mn deal that reshapes non-Chinese rare earth supply chains. The USAR acquires Less Common Metals transaction combines upstream resources, metal production and magnet alloys into one integrated platform. As a result, USAR acquires Less Common Metals to strengthen Western access to critical rare earth magnet materials.

USAR acquires Less Common Metals to secure rare earth metals and alloys

USAR acquires Less Common Metals through a mix of $100mn cash and 6.74mn USAR shares. The acquisition brings LCM’s Cheshire plant, which produces light and heavy rare earth metals and strip cast magnet alloys. LCM supplies samarium, samarium–cobalt, neodymium praseodymium, terbium, yttrium and gadolinium for permanent magnet applications. This portfolio anchors USAR’s move into high-value magnet metals rather than only rare earth oxides. LCM is the only large-scale producer of such metals and alloys outside China, making its assets strategically important. Therefore the deal immediately boosts Western capacity along the magnet value chain. USAR plans to expand LCM’s UK production footprint to meet rising demand from defense, automotive and industrial customers.

Building an integrated mine-to-magnet platform in the US and UK

USAR will integrate LCM’s know-how into its Stillwater, Oklahoma, facility to support a planned 5,000 t/yr magnet plant. This integration creates a tighter loop from rare earth metal production into finished magnet manufacturing. At the same time, USAR’s Round Top rare earth deposit in Texas will underpin long-term feed for metals and alloys. The company also highlights its ability to process recycled rare earth oxides, adding a circular element to the supply chain. Together, these assets form a closed-loop mine-to-magnet model spanning mining, metals, alloys and recycling. LCM’s established customer relationships across US and European magnet makers, as well as defense and automotive supply chains, provide immediate market access. As a result, the combined group can offer Western buyers secure, non-Chinese supply options for critical rare earth magnet materials.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This acquisition underscores how quickly mine-to-magnet integration is becoming a strategic priority in the rare earth sector. If USAR executes on its expansion plans, it will sit at the center of a transatlantic magnet supply chain that reduces reliance on Chinese metal and alloy producers. For policymakers and OEMs, the deal offers a concrete example of how capital, geology and processing know-how must align to de-risk critical materials.

Alpayana Raises Takeover Bid for Sierra Metals Amid Improved Earnings

Alpayana

Peruvian Miner Pursues Full Acquisition of Canadian Base Metals Producer

Alpayana has increased its takeover bid for Sierra Metals, offering C$1.15 per share in an all-cash proposal to acquire 100% of the company. The Focus Keyphrase "Alpayana takeover bid" highlights growing consolidation moves in the Americas' base metals sector.

The latest bid follows the expiration of a previous C$1.11 offer on May 12, which Sierra deemed unfeasible due to unrealistic conditions. While Sierra has not endorsed or rejected the new offer, it cautioned shareholders that a change in control could strain liquidity, especially if loan obligations are triggered before the deal closes.

The acquisition would give Alpayana access to Sierra’s operating mines in Peru and Mexico, which produce copper, zinc, lead, and silver—assets increasingly valuable amid tightening global supply of critical base metals.

Sierra Posts Profit as Metal Prices Support Recovery

Sierra Metals posted a Q1 2025 net profit of $10.3 million, reversing a loss of $783,000 in the same period last year. The improvement was driven by higher revenue across copper, zinc, and lead operations, even as mining costs saw a marginal increase.

This financial turnaround may strengthen Sierra’s position in negotiating better terms or considering alternative strategic options. Investors are watching closely as Alpayana’s renewed bid coincides with Sierra’s improving fundamentals.

However, any acquisition deal could complicate Sierra’s financial structure, especially with potential early loan repayments tied to change-of-control clauses.

M&A Momentum Grows in Latin America’s Mining Sector

Alpayana’s renewed interest in Sierra Metals reflects growing M&A momentum across Latin American mining, particularly among mid-tier producers seeking scale, asset diversification, and operating synergies.

Sierra’s footprint in Peru and Mexico is seen as strategically valuable, offering exposure to multiple high-demand metals amid supply disruptions and global reindustrialization trends. Alpayana’s move could also signal rising confidence in commodity prices and future cash flow visibility.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The raised Alpayana takeover bid underscores a shifting dynamic in base metals, where mid-tier consolidation is gaining pace. Sierra’s recent earnings rebound complicates the acquisition calculus, highlighting how operational performance can influence deal-making leverage and shareholder sentiment.

Vale Base Metals Deal Creates New Path for Thompson Mine Complex

Vale Base Metals

Vale Base Metals will enter a new consortium deal that could reshape the future of the Thompson Mine Complex in Manitoba. The planned transaction gives the Canadian nickel asset fresh capital, new partners, and a clearer role in North America’s critical minerals supply chains.

The consortium will include Exiro Minerals, Orion Resource Partners, Canada Growth Fund, and Vale Base Metals. Together, the partners plan to invest up to $200mn in the Thompson Mine Complex through a new company called Exiro Nickel. The structure gives the three partners an 81.1pc controlling stake, while Vale Base Metals retains an 18.9pc minority position.

Vale Base Metals will also sign an offtake agreement for nickel concentrate produced at the Thompson mill. This is strategically important because it allows the company to maintain exposure to nickel units while reducing direct ownership of the Manitoba operations. The transaction is expected to close by the end of 2026, subject to regulatory and government approvals.

Thompson Nickel Belt Gains Long-Term Investment Platform

The Thompson Mine Complex remains a significant nickel asset because it includes two underground mines, a mill, and exploration ground across the 135km-long Thompson Nickel Belt. The asset produced 12,000t of finished nickel in 2025, up 21.2pc from 9,900t in 2024.

The deal creates a new Canadian nickel producer focused on extending the value of the Thompson Nickel Belt. Exiro Nickel’s role will be to steward the asset as a long-life platform, while Vale Base Metals continues day-to-day operations until the transaction is completed.

This structure reflects a wider trend in mining portfolio management. Large diversified producers are increasingly reviewing mature or non-core assets, while specialist investors and government-backed funds are stepping in where critical minerals policy supports long-term development. For Thompson, the result could be a more focused ownership model and stronger investment case.

Nickel Supply Security Supports Canada’s Critical Minerals Strategy

The transaction strengthens Canada’s position in critical minerals supply chains tied to batteries, clean energy technologies, manufacturing, and industrial resilience. Nickel remains essential for stainless steel and selected battery chemistries, making stable North American supply strategically valuable.

Canada Growth Fund’s participation is especially notable because it links the project to broader national industrial policy. Government and provincial support suggests that Thompson is not being viewed only as a mine-level investment. It is also being treated as part of Canada’s long-term critical minerals infrastructure.

Vale Base Metals will remain connected to the asset through its minority stake and concentrate offtake agreement. That gives the company continued access to production while allowing new partners to fund the next phase of the Manitoba platform. For buyers, the arrangement could support more reliable nickel supply from a stable jurisdiction.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Vale Base Metals transaction shows how critical minerals policy is changing asset ownership. Mature nickel operations can gain new strategic value when capital, government support, and offtake structures align around supply security.

Aurelia Metals Gains Approval to Triple Copper and Zinc Ore Processing in NSW

Aurelia Metals

Regulatory change enables increased throughput from Federation to Peak, positioning Aurelia Metals for base metal growth

New Permit to Expand Ore Haulage Capacity

Australian metals producer Aurelia Metals has received approval to triple ore processing capacity at its New South Wales operations. Authorities granted consent for the company to move up to 600,000 tonnes per year of ore from its Federation mine to the Peak processing center. This change removes a key bottleneck that had limited haulage to only 200,000 tonnes per year since mid-2024.

The Peak facility extracts zinc, copper, lead, and gold from mixed metal ores. The expanded permit supports Aurelia's ongoing ramp-up at Federation, enabling fuller utilization of its processing infrastructure.

Production Ramps Up Amid Mixed Industry Trends

Between October and December 2024, Aurelia processed 16,500 tonnes of Federation ore, yielding 55 tonnes of copper, 626 tonnes of lead, 1,263 tonnes of zinc, and 502 ounces of gold. The company now plans to increase throughput in 2025, bucking a broader trend of production slowdowns among Australian miners.

While Aurelia expands, other producers are retreating. IGO paused its Forrestania nickel project in late 2024 and announced the Nova mine closure by 2027. Globally, Glencore reduced copper output by 6% in 2024, citing declines in Chile and Peru, and unplanned disruptions in the DRC.

Market Context and Copper Price Volatility

Despite market headwinds, Aurelia’s move aligns with long-term optimism for base metals. The LME copper price has shown wide fluctuations, ranging between $8,620/t and $10,857/t over the past year. As of 27 March 2025, LME copper stood at $9,787/t, reflecting ongoing supply uncertainties and demand outlook tied to green energy investments.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Amid a global pullback in copper and nickel production, Aurelia’s expansion in New South Wales sends a signal of long-term resilience. Strategic processing upgrades—like the Federation-Peak scale-up—could prove vital as volatility defines the next phase of the metals cycle.

Lynas LS Eco Rare Earth Metals Plan Targets Vietnam Magnet Supply Chain

Lynas, Rare Earth Metals

Lynas LS Eco rare earth metals cooperation could create a new non-China processing route for rare earth metals in Vietnam. Australian rare earths producer Lynas Rare Earths is working with South Korea’s LS Eco Energy on potential rare earth metal production at a planned plant in Vietnam.

The preliminary agreement would see Lynas supply rare earth oxides to LS Eco Energy’s upcoming rare earth metal plant for further processing. The initial focus is samarium, following Lynas’ first samarium oxide output at its Malaysian refinery earlier this month.

Lynas LS Eco rare earth metals cooperation matters because rare earth metal production is a key bridge between separated oxides and permanent magnets. Without metallisation capacity, oxide production alone cannot fully support magnet manufacturing for automotive, defense, aerospace, and clean energy applications.

Samarium Gives the Partnership Strategic Magnet Relevance

Samarium is strategically important because it is used in samarium-cobalt magnets. These magnets retain performance under high temperatures and demanding operating conditions, making them valuable for defense, aerospace, automotive, and advanced industrial systems.

Lynas has positioned itself as the only commercial producer of separated samarium, terbium, and dysprosium outside China. That makes its oxide supply especially relevant for customers seeking diversified rare earth supply chains.

If the preliminary agreement becomes definitive, Lynas could also supply metallised neodymium-praseodymium and selected heavy rare earth products, including samarium, dysprosium, and terbium. This would deepen the partnership beyond one material and support a broader magnet materials platform.

Vietnam Plant Could Support LS Eco’s US Magnet Ambition

LS Eco Energy, owned by LS Cable & System, is trying to build a full rare earth permanent magnet value chain. Its plan includes rare earth metal production in Ho Chi Minh City before eventual permanent magnet production in the US.

The company’s board approved a 28.5bn won investment for the Vietnam plant in December 2025. LS Eco Energy is also conducting a feasibility study for a US permanent magnet plant and holding discussions with authorities in Virginia, where the facility could be located.

The Lynas LS Eco rare earth metals agreement also includes a commitment to negotiate definitive deals and cross-subscribe to about A$30mn of convertible instruments each. This structure suggests both companies want a deeper strategic relationship, not only a simple oxide supply contract.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Lynas-LS Eco agreement shows that rare earth competition is moving from oxide separation into metal and magnet manufacturing. Vietnam could become an important intermediate node if Lynas’ non-China oxide supply and LS Eco’s magnet strategy are successfully connected.

Nornickel Nickel Output Holds Flat as Copper and PGM Production Decline

Nornickel

Nornickel nickel output was broadly stable in the first quarter, while the Russian multi-metals producer reported lower copper and platinum group metal production from a high year-earlier base. Consolidated nickel production edged up by 0.3% on the year to 41,746t in January-March.

Nornickel nickel output stability contrasts with weaker copper, palladium and platinum volumes. Copper output fell by 10% to 98,679t, palladium production dropped by 18% to 608,000oz, and platinum output declined by 24% to 136,000oz.

Nornickel said the lower copper and PGM figures reflected a high production base in the first quarter of 2025 and the redistribution of commercial product volumes between quarters. The company maintained its full-year 2026 production guidance.

The result shows that Nornickel nickel output remains comparatively steady, while quarterly copper and PGM figures can move sharply because of timing, ore processing patterns and product shipment schedules.

Nickel Stability Supports Core Production Outlook

Nickel remains one of Nornickel’s most important products because of its role in stainless steel, high-performance alloys, batteries and industrial manufacturing. Stable first-quarter output suggests that the company’s core nickel operations remain within its planned production range.

Nornickel kept its 2026 Russian feedstock guidance unchanged at 193,000-203,000t for nickel. This indicates that the company does not currently view the flat first-quarter result as a signal of operational weakness.

The nickel market remains sensitive to supply from Russia because Nornickel is a major producer of high-grade material. Even when global nickel markets face oversupply from Indonesian growth, Russian nickel still has strategic relevance for stainless steel, alloy and battery-linked consumers.

Copper showed a weaker quarterly result. Output from the company’s own Russian feedstock, excluding Trans-Baikal, totalled 80,000t during the period.

However, the Bystrinsky copper project in the Trans-Baikal division performed better. Copper in concentrate output rose by 6% on the year to 18,545t, supported by higher ore processing volumes and higher metal content in ore.

This improvement at Bystrinsky partly offsets the wider copper decline. It also shows the importance of ore grade and processing throughput in quarterly copper performance.

Nornickel maintained its 2026 Russian feedstock copper guidance at 336,000-356,000t. Guidance for Trans-Baikal copper in concentrate also remained unchanged at 69,000-73,000t.

PGM Decline Reflects Timing Rather Than Guidance Change

Nornickel’s platinum group metals output fell sharply in the first quarter, but the company did not adjust its full-year forecast. Palladium output fell by 18%, while platinum declined by 24%.

The company attributed the weaker figures to a high comparison base and quarterly timing effects in commercial products. This suggests the decline may not translate directly into lower full-year supply.

Nornickel kept its 2026 palladium guidance at 2.415mn-2.465mn oz and platinum guidance at 616,000-636,000oz. These metals remain important for automotive catalysts, electronics, chemicals, hydrogen technologies, jewellery and industrial applications.

The PGM market remains highly concentrated, with Russia and South Africa playing major roles in primary supply. Any sustained change in Russian production can therefore influence availability, trade flows and customer procurement strategies.

For buyers, the first-quarter data point to the need to separate operational weakness from quarterly timing. Lower reported output can affect sentiment, but unchanged guidance suggests Nornickel expects production to normalise across the year.

The broader strategic issue remains Russian supply exposure. Nornickel’s metals are important to global nickel, copper and PGM supply chains, but geopolitical risk, sanctions compliance and trade route uncertainty continue to shape how buyers handle Russian-origin material.

The first-quarter result therefore carries a mixed message. Nickel output remained stable, Bystrinsky copper improved, and full-year guidance was unchanged. However, lower copper and PGM production underline the importance of monitoring quarterly timing, product flows and operating consistency.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Nornickel’s first-quarter figures suggest stability in nickel but greater quarterly volatility in copper and PGMs. For global buyers, the bigger issue is not only production volume, but how Russian-origin metals move through increasingly complex trade and compliance channels.

Yildirim Group Announces Major Restructuring, Launches CoreX Metals & Mining

Yildirim Group

New Beginnings for a Metals Giant

Turkey’s Yildirim Group, a significant player in the ferro-alloy industry, has embarked on a significant restructuring by splitting into two independent entities. The move follows the departure of Robert Yuksel Yildirim, who will now head CoreX Metals & Mining, a newly formed company under CoreX Holding BV, based in Amsterdam. This new company, solely owned by Yildirim, aims to intensify focus on the global metals and mining market, reflecting a strategic shift to expand and enhance its core business operations.

Implications for Existing Operations

As part of the restructuring, Eti Krom, a well-known ferro-chrome producer, will no longer be associated with CoreX Metals & Mining. However, other key assets including Vargon Alloys in Sweden, Tikhvin Ferroalloy in Russia, AlbChrome in Albania, Voskhod Chrome in Kazakhstan, American Chrome & Chemicals in the US, and Polymetcore Trading in Switzerland will fall under CoreX Metals & Mining’s umbrella. Polymetcore Trading is set to retain exclusive marketing rights for the products of these companies, ensuring continuity in sales and distribution channels.

Future Directions and Global Aspirations

This organizational change underscores Yildirim Group's commitment to leveraging its expertise and resources to make a more pronounced impact on the global stage. By concentrating on their core competencies in metals and mining, CoreX Metals & Mining is poised to achieve substantial growth and enhance its competitive edge in the international market.

Nyrstar Port Pirie Antimony Shipment Marks a Strategic Step for Australia

Nyrstar

Nyrstar Port Pirie antimony shipment marks an important milestone for Australia’s critical metals ambitions. The Trafigura-owned group exported its first antimony metal shipment from the Port Pirie pilot plant in South Australia. The initial cargo was small at 1t, but the strategic meaning is much larger. As a result, Nyrstar Port Pirie antimony shipment signals that Australia is moving beyond mining into refined critical metals production.

This matters because Port Pirie is the only producer of antimony metal in Australia. Antimony first came out of the plant in November as a by-product of its 160,000 t/yr lead smelting system. That gives the site a unique role in regional supply security. Therefore, Nyrstar Port Pirie antimony shipment is not just a commercial export. It is a proof point for Australia antimony production.

The destination profile also matters. The first shipment went to a domestic Australian manufacturer, but future cargoes will head to Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the US. That broad customer reach shows the project is already being positioned as part of a wider allied supply chain. Consequently, non-Chinese antimony supply is becoming more tangible through Port Pirie.

Australia Antimony Production Gains Strategic Relevance

Australia antimony production has become more important as global buyers look for supply outside China. Export controls from China helped drive antimony prices to record highs in 2025. Prices have since fallen sharply, but they still remain well above long-term averages. As a result, new antimony supply outside China still carries strategic weight.

Port Pirie is aiming for 2,000 t/yr of antimony capacity by the end of this year. With further upgrades, the site could expand to 5,000 t/yr by 2028. That is meaningful for a market where refined antimony capacity remains concentrated. Therefore, Nyrstar Port Pirie antimony shipment may become the first step in a much larger supply expansion.

The project also shows why smelting matters. Mining alone does not guarantee supply security if refining stays concentrated elsewhere. Port Pirie gives Australia more control over conversion into finished metal. Meanwhile, it also strengthens the case for investing in local metallurgical infrastructure.

Strategic Metals Refining Could Expand Beyond Antimony

Strategic metals refining at Port Pirie may not stop with antimony. Trafigura is also evaluating the site’s potential to produce bismuth and tellurium. Both metals have faced export controls from China since February 2025. That makes the plant’s optionality more important than a single-metal story.

This wider angle is significant for industrial policy. Governments supported Port Pirie last year with an A$87mn rescue package tied to zinc and lead smelting pressures. That support now looks more strategic in hindsight. As a result, Nyrstar Port Pirie antimony shipment shows how legacy smelters can be repositioned for critical minerals relevance.

The broader lesson is clear. Strategic metals refining is becoming just as important as resource ownership. Countries that can smelt, refine, and convert specialty metals will hold more value in future supply chains. Therefore, Port Pirie may become one of Australia’s more important industrial assets if the expansion continues.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This first shipment matters because it proves that Australia can move up the value chain in antimony. The real story is not the first tonne. It is that Port Pirie now has a credible path toward becoming a strategic non-Chinese refining hub for multiple critical metals.

Nowa Sol Copper Concentrate Talks Could Link Lumina Metals to KGHM Smelters

Lumina Metals

Nowa Sol copper concentrate could become a new feed source for Poland’s dominant copper producer after Lumina Metals entered talks with KGHM over a potential supply agreement. The companies have signed a preliminary agreement to discuss concentrate supply from Lumina’s Nowa Sol project to KGHM’s copper smelters.

Nowa Sol copper concentrate discussions remain at an early stage. The agreement is not legally binding, but it gives both companies a formal framework to assess volumes, product quality and metallurgical compatibility.

Nowa Sol copper concentrate is strategically important because the project sits inside Poland’s northern copper belt, close to KGHM’s existing copper-silver operations. That location could reduce logistical complexity if the project advances and concentrate proves suitable for KGHM’s smelting system.

The talks also show how European copper producers are looking more closely at regional feedstock options. Copper concentrate availability remains tight globally, and smelters increasingly value nearby, compatible and traceable supply.

KGHM Compatibility Will Decide Commercial Potential

KGHM’s interest will depend on whether Nowa Sol concentrate fits its smelter requirements. Copper concentrate supply is not interchangeable because each smelter has limits around grade, impurities, mineralogy and blending needs.

The preliminary agreement focuses directly on those issues. Lumina and KGHM will evaluate potential volumes, product quality and metallurgical compatibility before any binding offtake structure can emerge.

This matters because smelter feed security is becoming more valuable. Global copper concentrate treatment charges have remained under pressure, reflecting tight mine supply and strong competition among smelters for suitable feed.

For KGHM, a nearby Polish concentrate source could offer strategic advantages if the material meets technical requirements. It could support domestic smelter utilisation and reduce dependence on longer-distance concentrate flows.

For Lumina, a potential supply route to KGHM would strengthen the Nowa Sol project’s commercial pathway. A project located near an established copper producer has a clearer route to market than one that must rely entirely on distant export channels.

Poland’s Copper Belt Gains Strategic Attention

Nowa Sol is Lumina’s flagship underground copper project. It covers a 120km² concession area in Poland’s northern copper belt, a region already associated with copper and silver production.

The project’s location near KGHM’s operations gives it industrial relevance beyond resource potential. Proximity to mining infrastructure, smelting expertise and an established copper workforce can improve development logic if technical and economic studies support the project.

Lumina listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange in April to raise capital for Nowa Sol. The KGHM discussions could help strengthen investor confidence by showing that the project has potential domestic offtake interest.

Poland is already a meaningful copper jurisdiction because of KGHM’s role as the country’s main producer. Any new copper concentrate source inside the same industrial region could support national and European supply security.

The broader market context is also supportive. Copper demand is rising from grids, electrification, renewable energy, data centres and industrial manufacturing, while new mine supply remains difficult to develop.

That makes regional copper projects more strategically valuable. Europe needs not only refined copper, but also mine supply and concentrate flows that can support existing smelting capacity.

The Lumina-KGHM talks are therefore modest in legal status but meaningful in direction. They show how copper supply chains are becoming more regional, technical and security-focused.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The potential Lumina-KGHM deal shows that copper value is increasingly tied to location and smelter fit, not only resource size. If Nowa Sol can deliver compatible concentrate near KGHM’s system, it could become a useful European copper supply asset.

High-Purity Iron Plant Targets US Rare Earth Magnet Supply Gap

Hertha Metals

High-purity iron is emerging as a hidden bottleneck in the US rare earth magnet supply chain as new defense sourcing rules approach. Houston-based Hertha Metals plans to build a 10,000 t/yr plant in Texas to produce high-purity iron used in neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets.

The project targets a less visible vulnerability in magnet manufacturing. US policy has focused heavily on rare earth elements such as neodymium and praseodymium, but NdFeB magnets also require high-purity iron. Hertha Metals says about 90% of this material is currently produced in China.

The timing is strategically important. Updated Defense Federal Acquisition Regulations are set to take effect on 1 January 2027, restricting Chinese-origin rare earth magnets and constituent materials in covered US defense systems. That rule could force defense contractors, magnet makers and upstream material suppliers to rebuild supply chains around non-China sources.

Hertha Metals plans to break ground later this summer. The company says its Texas plant will become the first domestic producer of high-purity iron for this application, positioning the project at the intersection of magnet security, steelmaking technology and US industrial policy.

DFARS Rules Put Magnet Inputs Under Supply Chain Pressure

The 2027 DFARS deadline changes the strategic value of upstream magnet materials. Compliance will not depend only on where final magnets are assembled. It will also depend on the origin of constituent materials used in defense-related systems.

This creates a direct opportunity for domestic high-purity iron. NdFeB magnets require neodymium, praseodymium and often dysprosium or terbium for performance, but iron remains the major base component. If high-purity iron remains China-dependent, US magnet supply chains could still face compliance risk even if rare earth oxides or metals are sourced elsewhere.

Hertha Metals is trying to address that gap with its FLEXHERS process, short for flexible fuel hydrogen electric reduction smelting. The process combines electric arc furnace technology with natural gas or hydrogen to produce iron and steel.

The company says the technology can use lower-grade ores and iron ore fines that are difficult to process economically through conventional blast furnace routes. This could widen the domestic feedstock base and reduce dependence on imported high-purity iron.

Hertha currently operates a one-tonne-per-day demonstration plant in Conroe, Texas. It describes the site as the largest demonstration-scale single-step steelmaking facility in the US. Ore is sourced domestically from Minnesota, and the pilot facility is already producing material that meets customer specifications.

The planned high-purity iron facility will also produce trial steel products. Hertha sees the project as a stepping stone toward broader iron and steelmaking capacity, with a target of reaching roughly 500,000 t/yr of production within four to five years.

Cost competitiveness will be critical. Hertha says it does not plan to rely on a domestic supply premium. Instead, it aims to compete economically by replacing metallurgical coal with natural gas and electricity while using lower-cost ore feedstocks.

This claim matters because strategic materials projects often struggle when policy support is stronger than market economics. If Hertha can produce competitively without relying on premium pricing, the company could build a more durable position in both defense and commercial supply chains.

Hertha Metals CEO Laureen Meroueh

Domestic Iron Production Links Magnets, Electrical Steel and Clean Manufacturing

High-purity iron has strategic importance beyond NdFeB magnets. The material can also support electrical steel used in transformers, electric vehicle motors and other electromagnetic applications. These sectors are becoming more important as grid investment, electrification and domestic manufacturing policy expand.

The project also fits a wider shift in iron and steel markets. Traditional blast furnace production depends heavily on metallurgical coal and higher-emission processing routes. Meanwhile, demand for higher-grade iron inputs suitable for lower-carbon steelmaking is expected to rise as producers shift toward cleaner technologies.

Hertha’s process aims to sit inside that transition. By using electricity, natural gas or hydrogen, the company is positioning FLEXHERS as a lower-carbon alternative to legacy ironmaking. The ability to process lower-grade ore and fines could also help revive domestic iron production without requiring only premium feedstocks.

The US steel industry has increasingly focused on scrap-fed electric arc furnaces. That model supports recycling and lower emissions, but it does not fully solve domestic iron supply for high-purity applications. Magnets, electrical steel and advanced components often need controlled chemistry that scrap alone cannot easily provide.

This is where Hertha’s strategy becomes industrially relevant. The company is not only proposing another steel plant. It is targeting a specific materials gap between critical minerals policy, rare earth magnet manufacturing and advanced steelmaking.

Competition from subsidized overseas producers remains a risk. Hertha says it can compete on cost, but Chinese industrial support and below-cost exports could still challenge domestic producers. This is why policy, procurement rules and long-term customer commitments may become important even if the production technology works.

The company has not disclosed financing details, future fundraising plans or offtake agreements. That leaves open questions about capital structure, customer readiness and the pace of commercial scale-up. However, the 2027 DFARS deadline gives the project a clear market catalyst.

The broader implication is that rare earth magnet supply security cannot be solved by rare earth mining alone. The full chain includes ore, separation, metal conversion, alloying, magnet manufacturing and supporting inputs such as high-purity iron. Any weak link can create dependence.

Hertha Metals is betting that the next phase of US critical materials policy will recognise that reality. If the company can scale production, secure customers and maintain cost discipline, high-purity iron could become a small but essential piece of the domestic magnet supply chain.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Hertha Metals highlights a critical point often missed in rare earth policy: magnet security depends on more than rare earths. High-purity iron, electrical steel and alloy inputs will become strategic materials if US defense and electrification supply chains must move away from China.

Blue Moon tungsten project revives Nevada’s Springer critical metals hub

Blue Moon Metals

Blue Moon tungsten project ambitions are advancing with the planned acquisition of Nevada’s historic Springer mine and mill. The Blue Moon tungsten project will give the Canadian producer a ready-built processing base in Pershing County, focused on high-grade tungsten. As a result, the Blue Moon tungsten project positions the company inside the US critical minerals value chain at a time of rising strategic demand.

Blue Moon tungsten project anchors US strategic tungsten capacity

The Springer mine holds an indicated resource of 355,000t at 0.537pc tungsten trioxide. This grade underpins the Blue Moon tungsten project and offers meaningful scale for a niche metal. However, the strategic value extends far beyond ore tonnage, because the site already includes a tungsten-focused processing circuit.

The existing mill can process about 1,200 t/d of tungsten concentrates and ammonium paratungstate (APT). Therefore, the Blue Moon tungsten project inherits not only ore but also midstream capability, shortening the development timeline. In a tight tungsten market, having integrated mine and APT capacity in Nevada strengthens US supply security.

Springer mill opens multi-metal pathway for Blue Moon

The Springer mill can be modified to treat other critical metals, creating optionality for Blue Moon. The company has flagged its Blue Moon zinc-copper mine in California as a potential feedstock source. As a result, Springer could evolve into a regional hub for underground critical metals mines in the western US.

By paying $500,000 for exclusive rights, Blue Moon secured a low-cost entry into an existing asset base. Meanwhile, the ability to adapt the mill for multiple products could improve project economics and risk diversification. This flexibility will matter if tungsten prices fluctuate or if demand for other critical metals accelerates.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Turning Springer into a multi-metal critical minerals hub would give Blue Moon leverage far beyond tungsten alone. The key question is whether the company can finance refurbishment and secure steady feedstock flows quickly enough to capture strategic premiums. If executed well, this could become a template for repurposing legacy US assets into modern critical metals platforms.

Sovereign Metals Rutile Offtake MOU With Mitsui Strengthens Kasiya Supply Path

Sovereign Metals, Kasiya

Sovereign Metals rutile offtake plans have gained strategic momentum after the Australian miner signed a non-binding MOU with Mitsui for natural rutile supply from the Kasiya project in Malawi. The agreement positions Kasiya as a potential long-term source of titanium feedstock for Japan’s industrial supply chain.

The MOU covers the potential sale of up to 70,000 tonnes per year of rutile concentrate over an initial four-year period from first production. The agreement may also be extended for another five years, subject to future negotiations.

The Sovereign Metals rutile offtake arrangement remains non-binding. However, it gives both companies a framework to negotiate final volumes, pricing, and commercial terms under a definitive agreement.

Kasiya Project Gains Strategic Relevance in Titanium Feedstock Supply

The Kasiya rutile project has become increasingly important because natural rutile is a high-grade titanium feedstock used in pigment, welding, aerospace, and titanium metal value chains. Sovereign describes Kasiya as the world’s largest natural rutile deposit, with initial production targeted around 2030.

The project could become a meaningful new supply source at a time when buyers are looking beyond traditional mineral sands supply channels. Natural rutile availability is limited, and new large-scale deposits are rare.

Japan’s interest also has industrial logic. Japan is the world’s second-largest producer of titanium metal after China, making stable titanium raw material access a strategic issue for aerospace, chemical, defense, and advanced manufacturing sectors.

Mitsui MOU Highlights Japan’s Critical Minerals Strategy

The Mitsui titanium supply chain angle is central to this agreement. Japanese trading houses often play a key role in securing raw material flows before projects reach production, especially when the material has strategic value.

The MOU also reflects broader cooperation between Japan, the US, and the EU on critical minerals. These economies are trying to reduce exposure to concentrated supply chains and secure reliable sources of minerals linked to advanced manufacturing.

For Sovereign Metals, the MOU provides commercial validation before Kasiya reaches final development. For Mitsui, it creates an early position in a major future source of natural rutile supply.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Sovereign Metals rutile offtake MOU is less about immediate tonnage and more about future supply positioning. If Kasiya reaches production, it could become one of the most important new natural rutile supply points outside established mineral sands regions.

CMOC Molybdenum Output Fell in 2025 Despite Stronger China Demand

CMOC

CMOC molybdenum output declined in 2025 as lower ore grades at key Chinese mines reduced production. The diversified metals producer, also known as Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum, produced 13,906t of molybdenum metal equivalent, down 9.7% from a year earlier.

The decline was linked to lower original ore content at the Sandaozhuang Molybdenum Tungsten Mine and the Shangfanggou Molybdenum Mine. CMOC’s molybdenum sales also fell by 6.1% on the year to 14,058t.

CMOC molybdenum output weakened even as broader molybdenum demand improved. This contrast shows that mine-grade pressure can limit producer performance despite stronger consumption from steel and energy-related sectors.

Chinese Molybdenum Consumption Rose on Steel Demand

China’s molybdenum market strengthened in 2025 as demand for molybdenum-containing steel increased. CMOC said Chinese molybdenum consumption rose by 9.3% on the year to 152,000t.

Steelmakers purchased around 153,000t of molybdenum alloy in 2025, up 6.3% from a year earlier. Demand was supported by continued use of molybdenum-bearing steels in wind power and other industrial applications requiring strength, corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance.

China produced 133,000t of molybdenum in 2025, accounting for 43.3% of global output. Production increased slightly by 0.8% from the previous year, reinforcing China’s central role in the global molybdenum supply chain.

Global Market Remained Balanced as Demand Outpaced Supply Growth

Global molybdenum output rose by 3.2% to 307,000t in 2025, while global demand increased by 4.5% to 303,000t. The data point to a broadly balanced market, with demand growing faster than supply but not enough to create a major deficit.

CMOC expects molybdenum demand to remain firm in 2026, supported by continued development of the molybdenum-containing steel market. However, the company lowered its 2026 production target to 11,500–14,500t of molybdenum metal equivalent, compared with its 2025 target of 12,000–15,000t.

The lower guidance suggests CMOC molybdenum output may remain constrained by mine quality and operational factors. For alloy buyers, this keeps attention on Chinese mine performance, steel-sector consumption and the availability of molybdenum units for higher-value applications.

The Metalnomist Commentary

CMOC’s result shows that molybdenum demand strength does not automatically translate into higher producer output. As wind power and specialty steel continue to support consumption, ore grade and mine productivity will become more important pricing and supply variables.

Valterra PGM Output Falls but Higher Basket Price Lifts Earnings

Valterra Platinum

Valterra PGM output fell in 2025, but the South African producer delivered stronger earnings as platinum group metals prices rose sharply. The company, formerly Anglo American Platinum, produced 3.2mn oz of PGMs during the year, down 10pc from 2024.

The decline in Valterra PGM output was mainly linked to flooding and heavy rain at the Amandelbult operations in February 2025. The mine returned to full operations in the second half of the year, with production rising by 10pc in July-December compared with the first half.

The production setback reduced refined metal availability and sales volumes. Refined PGM production fell by 13pc to 3.41mn oz, while PGM sales volumes dropped by 15pc to 2.45mn oz because of lower refined output.

PGM Basket Price Strength Offsets Lower Volumes

The PGM basket price was the decisive factor behind Valterra’s stronger financial performance. The dollar basket price rose by 89pc during 2025 and ended the year at $2,562/oz PGM, giving the company a major revenue and margin tailwind.

Valterra recorded earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation of R33.4bn, or about $2.1bn, in 2025. That was up 68pc year on year, supported by a 22pc increase in the rand PGM basket price, R5bn in operating cost savings, and R2.3bn in insurance proceeds related to the flooding.

Lower sales volumes and R2.1bn in one-off demerger costs partly offset those gains. However, the results show how quickly PGM producers can recover profitability when basket prices strengthen, even during a year of operational disruption.

Demerger Creates a Sharper Standalone PGM Platform

Valterra completed its demerger from Anglo American in June, creating a more focused standalone PGM producer. The separation gives investors clearer exposure to South African platinum group metals, but it also places more direct pressure on management to control costs, improve reliability, and protect cash flow.

The company expects strong fundamentals to continue supporting PGM prices in the medium to long term. That outlook reflects ongoing supply discipline, operational risk in South Africa, and the importance of PGMs in autocatalysts, hydrogen technologies, industrial applications, and precious metals investment demand.

For the PGM market, Valterra’s 2025 performance sends a clear signal. Supply remains vulnerable to weather, mine reliability, refining constraints, and South African operating risk, while stronger prices can rapidly improve producer earnings when supply tightness becomes visible.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Valterra’s results show that PGM producers do not need volume growth to generate stronger earnings when basket prices move sharply higher. The bigger issue is whether South African supply risk becomes a structural price support rather than a temporary disruption.

Abaxx to Launch Lithium Futures Backed by Albemarle in 2025

Abaxx

Physically Deliverable Lithium Carbonate Contracts to Trade in Singapore, Rotterdam, and Baltimore

Albemarle Named Sole Approved Brand and Producer

Abaxx Technology, a Singapore-based financial software and market infrastructure company, will launch three regional physically deliverable lithium carbonate futures contracts in March 2025. Albemarle, a global leader in lithium production, will serve as the only approved brand and producer for these contracts.

Global Lithium Futures to Enhance Price Discovery and Transparency

Each contract is USD-denominated and operates on a Delivered at Place (DAP) basis. The contracts represent one metric tonne of lithium carbonate and allow for physical delivery at major international ports: Singapore, Rotterdam, and Baltimore. This setup will improve price transparency and facilitate efficient global lithium trade, especially as demand for battery metals continues to surge.

Albemarle US is listed as the approved producer, and Albemarle La Negra as the approved brand across all contracts. Trading will commence on March 7, 2025, giving market participants a new tool to manage lithium price risk amid fast-changing supply and demand dynamics.

Abaxx Expands Battery Metals Offering on Its Commodity Exchange

Abaxx Technology operates the Abaxx Commodity Exchange and Clearinghouse, which already offers a range of contracts in energy, environmental, and battery metals markets. With the addition of physically deliverable lithium futures, Abaxx is positioned to become a key platform for battery supply chain participants seeking robust hedging solutions.

China Expands Export Controls on Critical Minerals Amid Trade Tensions

China Critical Minerals

New Restrictions on Tungsten, Indium, and Other Critical Metals

China has intensified its trade strategies by imposing new export controls on additional critical minerals. This move is seen as a countermeasure against higher tariffs recently imposed by the United States. The newly restricted materials include various metals and compounds of tungsten, indium, tellurium, bismuth, and molybdenum. The export restrictions came into effect on February 4, as announced by China’s Ministry of Commerce.

Impact on Global Supply Chains

This expansion of export controls follows the introduction of similar measures in 2023-24, which included key materials such as gallium, germanium, graphite, and antimony. With the recent addition, the scope now covers more crucial metals used in various industries globally. According to industry estimates, China holds a dominant share of the global supply for metals like tungsten and bismuth. For instance, it is the world’s largest producer and exporter of tungsten, controlling nearly 80% of the global market. Similarly, China is responsible for 70-80% of the world's bismuth supply, which further underscores its influential role in the global supply chain.

The new export controls will allow China greater flexibility in deciding which countries can receive these critical minerals. Market participants have indicated that the export restrictions could drive up global prices, especially for tungsten and bismuth, due to China's near-monopoly on these materials. This is likely to cause disruptions for industries that rely heavily on these metals, from electronics to energy production.

Global Repercussions and Market Shifts

The broader implications of these controls may be felt across various sectors. As China continues to tighten its grip on critical mineral exports, consumers outside of China will face challenges in securing alternative sources of supply. However, some experts suggest that this move might spur increased investments in local production capabilities in non-China markets, as countries seek to reduce their dependence on Chinese supplies.

In the short term, global markets will likely experience higher prices for the affected minerals, particularly as exporters must follow a stringent verification process before shipping these critical materials. The procedural delays and uncertainty about permitted shipments will add to the volatility of the market.

Conclusion: Strategic Maneuver in Global Trade

China's latest export controls reflect a growing trend of resource nationalism, where nations leverage their dominance in critical industries to secure economic and political advantages. These measures come amidst heightened trade tensions, particularly with the United States, and are designed to protect China’s national security and economic interests. As the global demand for these minerals continues to rise, China’s role in the critical metals supply chain remains pivotal, making it essential for businesses worldwide to monitor these developments closely.

Shidai Ruixiang Launches LMFP Battery Material Plant in Gansu

Baiyin Nonferrous Group

China’s Shidai Ruixiang has launched a new LMFP battery material plant with a production capacity of 20,000 tonnes per year. Located in Baiyin city, Gansu province, this marks the first phase of what will become the world’s largest LMFP facility. Once complete, the site will scale to 100,000 t/yr in lithium ferro-manganese phosphate production for next-generation EV battery applications.

The LMFP battery material plant is operated by Shidai Ruixiang, a joint venture between Gansu Elephent Energy and Baiyin Nonferrous Group, a major Chinese state-owned metals producer. The full project will be developed in three phases, although details for the next stages remain undisclosed. This launch reinforces China’s dominant position in advanced battery cathode material (CAM) supply chains.

China Expands LMFP Footprint in Global EV Market

LMFP materials offer higher energy density and longer driving range than traditional LFP cathodes, while keeping manufacturing costs low. However, they have shorter life cycles and reduced charge-discharge capacity, making them more suitable for mid-range EVs or power tools. Despite this, China’s battery sector is accelerating investment in LMFP research and production.

Other major CAM players such as Hunan Yuneng and Ningbo Ronbay are also expanding LMFP production. Ronbay announced a dual LMFP and sodium-ion CAM plant in Xiantao, Hubei, while Yuneng is constructing a dedicated LMFP facility. These efforts position LMFP as a potential mainstream solution for future battery platforms balancing cost, safety, and range.

Strategic Role of State-Backed Metals Companies in CAM Expansion

The Shidai Ruixiang LMFP battery material plant highlights growing integration between state-backed metals enterprises and energy storage innovation. Baiyin Nonferrous brings decades of expertise in copper and zinc processing—critical metals for battery infrastructure—into the cathode materials space. The partnership reflects China's strategy to leverage existing industrial assets for clean tech scalability.

As battery chemistries diversify in response to cost and performance demands, China’s control over both upstream raw materials and downstream manufacturing provides a distinct competitive edge in the global energy transition economy.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The LMFP battery material plant in Gansu represents a strategic shift toward diversified CAM solutions for scalable EV deployment. As Chinese producers push LMFP into the mainstream, global automakers and battery buyers will need to weigh performance trade-offs against cost and availability.

ATI Sells Precision Rolled Strip Operations to Ulbrich to Refocus on Core Markets

ATI

ATI, a leading specialty alloys producer, has divested its precision rolled strip operations to Ulbrich Stainless Steels and Special Metals, a specialty metals manufacturer. This strategic move aligns with ATI's focus on its core markets in aerospace and defense, enabling the company to prioritize titanium, nickel, and alloyed products in its Specialty Rolled Products segment.

Details of the Divestment

ATI announced the sale of its facilities in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Remscheid, Germany, to Connecticut-based Ulbrich. The New Bedford facility specializes in producing titanium strip, precision rolled strip, and cold-rolled stainless steel. Meanwhile, the Remscheid service center stocks high-temperature metals, including stainless steels, nickel-based alloys, and titanium.

While the financial terms of the deal remain undisclosed, the transaction is a pivotal part of ATI's streamlining efforts to cater to high-value industries such as aerospace and defense.

Strategic Shift Toward High-Performance Metals

This divestment underscores ATI's commitment to strengthening its portfolio in aerospace and defense by concentrating on advanced materials. By offloading precision rolled strip operations, ATI aims to enhance efficiency and focus on producing high-performance metals tailored to demanding applications.

Ulbrich, known for its expertise in precision metals, is expected to leverage the acquired facilities to expand its market reach and capabilities, particularly in stainless steel and high-temperature alloys.

This strategic realignment by ATI highlights an industry trend where companies streamline operations to bolster their standing in high-growth markets.

GEM Expands Critical Mineral Recycling to Strengthen China’s Supply Chain Independence

GEM

High-Purity Germanium and Tungsten Recycling to Double by 2027

Chinese battery materials producer GEM is expanding its critical mineral recycling capacity to support China’s supply chain independence. In its 2024 annual report, GEM announced significant investments in germanium recycling and high-purity refining, driven by Beijing’s resource localization strategy. The company aims to rapidly scale its recycling of gallium, indium, and scandium, all of which are subject to China’s recent export restrictions.

Strategic Metals and Battery Materials Drive Growth

GEM will also broaden recycling operations for minor metals such as molybdenum, tantalum, and niobium. These materials are essential for defense and electronics manufacturing. The company currently recycles over 20 metals from waste batteries, electronics, vehicles, and plastics across its eight Chinese plants and international sites in South Korea, South Africa, and Indonesia.

Doubling Output of Tungsten and Platinum Group Metals

To support industrial demand, GEM plans to double its output of tungsten powder and electronic metals to 20 tonnes by 2027. Tungsten’s high conductivity and melting point make it ideal for semiconductors and photovoltaic thin-film cells. In addition, GEM will build a demonstration plant for platinum, palladium, and rhodium refining, targeting similar output growth by 2027.

Core Battery Material Output Set for 46% Growth in 2025

The company expects a strong rise in core product output—nickel, ternary precursors, cobalt, cathode materials, and recycled batteries—with a projected 46% increase in 2025. From 2025 to 2027, the annual growth rate is forecast to moderate to 36%, still reflecting robust demand for EV and energy storage materials.

The Metalnomist Commentary

GEM’s expansion underscores China’s push for mineral sovereignty in a geopolitically constrained environment. By scaling critical mineral recycling, GEM reduces import dependence while reinforcing its leadership in the global circular economy for strategic metals.

IGO to Sell Forrestania Project While Retaining Nickel and Lithium Rights

IGO

IGO restructures Forrestania project with Medallion Metals acquisition deal

Australian critical minerals producer IGO plans to sell its Forrestania project to Medallion Metals while retaining key resource rights. The deal, expected to finalize by late 2025, gives Medallion 100% ownership of the Forrestania site. However, IGO will continue holding exclusive nickel and lithium rights for future exploration and mining at the location.

Medallion secures gold and copper rights with added royalty commitment

Medallion Metals announced the agreement today, confirming it will manage copper and gold operations at Forrestania. The company will pay IGO a 1.5% royalty on gold production and assume full site rehabilitation obligations. The non-binding deal, first negotiated in August 2024, is expected to become binding by this August. Forrestania’s gold and copper assets provide strong upside potential for Medallion’s growing metals portfolio.

IGO transitions amid low nickel prices and depleted ore reserves

IGO ceased nickel production at Forrestania in September 2024 due to falling nickel prices and ore depletion. The company shipped its last nickel concentrate in the December quarter, closing with a total of 7,571 tonnes produced for FY 2023–2024. Despite the sale, IGO’s decision to retain nickel and lithium rights at the Forrestania project underscores its long-term focus on strategic battery metals.

The Metalnomist Commentary

IGO’s decision to divest Forrestania’s base-metal operations while keeping nickel and lithium rights reflects a targeted pivot toward future-facing battery minerals. Medallion’s takeover aligns with rising interest in copper and gold amid global energy transitions and investor demand for diversified metals exposure.