Australia backs Viridis Brazilian rare earth project with $50mn EFA debt support

Colossus rare earth project

Australia backs Viridis Brazilian rare earth project as Export Finance Australia prepares a $50mn debt facility. Australia backs Viridis Brazilian rare earth project through a conditional support letter tied to due diligence and approvals. As a result, Australia backs Viridis Brazilian rare earth project alongside French, Canadian, and Brazilian state-backed financiers.

Export credit support widens funding options ahead of a 2026 FID

Australia backs Viridis Brazilian rare earth project at a critical point in its capital stack planning. EFA’s support is non-binding and depends on using some Australian goods and services. However, the signal matters because export credit agencies often anchor later debt syndication.

Viridis targets a final investment decision in the second half of 2026. Meanwhile, the project already drew interest from export agencies in Canada and France. Therefore, Colossus is building a multi-jurisdiction financing base before formal commitments lock in.

Colossus targets magnet rare earths from ionic clay deposits

Australia backs Viridis Brazilian rare earth project that plans to mine neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium. These elements sit at the core of permanent magnets for EVs, wind turbines, and defense systems. As a result, Colossus aligns with global efforts to diversify rare earth supply chains.

Viridis also upgraded its Colossus ore reserve estimate in 2025. The company lifted the reserve figure from 98.5mn tonnes to 200mn tonnes. However, the market will still focus on recoveries, product quality, and consistent operating costs.

Downstream plans add strategic value beyond mining

Australia backs Viridis Brazilian rare earth project with a pathway into refining and recycling. Viridis plans a Brazilian rare earth refinery and a magnet recycling plant with Ionic Rare Earths. Meanwhile, Viridis intends to supply rare earth carbonates from Colossus into that refinery.

This integration could strengthen offtake discussions with magnet and alloy buyers. However, downstream execution adds complexity, including permitting, qualification, and technology scale-up. Therefore, investors will watch whether Viridis stages development to avoid bottlenecks.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Export-credit momentum helps, but Colossus still needs a bankable execution plan for ionic clay processing. However, the mine-to-refinery link can improve strategic relevance if product specs meet magnet supply requirements. The next inflection point will be binding debt terms and credible downstream timelines.

Brazilian Rare Earths raises $78mn for Brazilian rare earth growth

Brazilian Rare Earths

Brazilian Rare Earths raises $78mn to accelerate its flagship Sulista and Monte Alto projects in Brazil. Brazilian Rare Earths raises $78mn through a A$120mn equity placement, giving the company fresh capital for drilling and downstream assets. As a result, Brazilian Rare Earths raises $78mn at a crucial time for non-Chinese rare earth supply diversification.

Brazilian Rare Earths raises $78mn to advance Sulista and Monte Alto

Brazilian Rare Earths raises $78mn by issuing 25.6mn new shares at A$4.68 each. The company will channel these funds into its Sulista and Monte Alto rare earth projects, including a planned separation refinery in Bahia. Drilling at Sulista West has returned total rare earth oxide grades of up to 21pc, underscoring the geological potential.

Meanwhile, BRE is running multiple workstreams in parallel to de-risk the resource base and flowsheet. These include drilling across priority zones, drone-based geophysical surveys and scoping studies on project configuration. The company has not disclosed a firm development timeline, but the funding round signals momentum toward a construction decision.

Carester partnership strengthens downstream rare earth strategy

The Carester partnership anchors BRE’s move further downstream into separated rare earth oxides. Under the agreement, BRE will supply feedstock for up to 150 t/yr of separated dysprosium and terbium oxide to Carester’s Caremag facility in Lacq, France. This offtake helps validate the quality of Brazilian feedstock in a tight heavy rare earth market.

At the same time, Carester will provide engineering, construction and commissioning services for BRE’s planned separation plant in Bahia. This technical support should shorten learning curves and align Brazilian specifications with European customer requirements. Therefore, BRE positions itself as an integrated supplier spanning ore, concentrate and separated oxides into western supply chains.

The Metalnomist Commentary

BRE’s raise highlights growing investor appetite for geographically diversified rare earth supply, particularly for dysprosium and terbium. The combination of high-grade Brazilian resources and European processing expertise could become a meaningful niche competitor to Asian incumbents. Execution risk now shifts to delivering the Bahia separation plant on time and aligning product specs with end-user magnet makers.

Serra Verde Rare Earth Financing Strengthens Brazil’s Position in Heavy Rare Earth Supply

DFC, Brazil

Serra Verde rare earth financing marks a major strategic step for Brazil’s rare earth industry. The US International Development Finance agency has provided a $565mn package to Serra Verde. The funding includes an option for the US government to take a minority equity stake. As a result, Serra Verde rare earth financing now carries both industrial and geopolitical weight.

This matters because Serra Verde is already producing from its Pela Ema ionic clay deposit in Brazil. The operation entered commercial production in 2024 and currently produces 5,000 t/yr of total rare earth oxides. Its output includes dysprosium, erbium, neodymium, and praseodymium. Therefore, Serra Verde rare earth financing supports an existing project rather than a distant concept.

The funding also arrives at a time when western governments are moving more aggressively into critical minerals. Recent DFC activity has already expanded into copper, tungsten, and other strategic materials. Consequently, Serra Verde rare earth financing fits a much broader push to secure non-Chinese supply routes.

Brazil Rare Earth Project Gains Capital for Expansion and Strategic Relevance

The Brazil rare earth project will use the funding to refinance existing loans and expand capacity. Serra Verde aims to raise output to 6,500 t/yr of total rare earth oxides by 2027. That increase may look modest in absolute terms, but it matters in a market where diversified rare earth supply remains scarce. As a result, the Brazil rare earth project gains both financial flexibility and a clearer growth path.

The ionic clay nature of the deposit adds further importance. Ionic clay rare earths are especially relevant because they can contain valuable magnet and heavy rare earth elements. That makes Serra Verde more strategically attractive than a simple bulk rare earth project. Therefore, Serra Verde rare earth financing strengthens a part of the supply chain that many western buyers want to expand.

The equity option also deserves attention. A financing structure that includes a possible government minority stake suggests unusually strong strategic interest. This is not only about debt support or project refinancing. Meanwhile, it signals that Brazil’s rare earth sector is moving closer to formal alignment with western supply chain security goals.

Heavy Rare Earth Supply Diversification Gives Brazil More Strategic Value

Heavy rare earth supply remains one of the most sensitive areas in the critical minerals market. Dysprosium and similar elements are essential for advanced magnets and high-performance industrial uses. Projects that can produce these materials outside concentrated supply chains attract far more attention than simple reserve size alone. Consequently, Serra Verde rare earth financing helps position Brazil more clearly in the strategic supply map.

Brazil’s wider resource base reinforces that story. The country holds one of the world’s largest rare earth reserve positions and is already drawing more developer attention. Companies such as Aclara, Brazilian Rare Earths, and Meteoric are also advancing projects there. Therefore, Serra Verde rare earth financing may become a signal for broader investment momentum across Brazil.

The broader implication is clear. Supply chain diversification is no longer only about finding resources. It is about financing operating projects, expanding production, and tying new supply into aligned trade relationships. As a result, Brazil is becoming more important not just as a resource holder, but as a future processing and supply partner.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This deal matters because it supports a producing rare earth asset with real expansion potential. Serra Verde is now moving beyond startup status and into strategic scale-up territory. If output rises as planned, Brazil could gain a much stronger role in non-Chinese rare earth supply over the next few years.

Aclara Rare Earth Oxides Plan Links Brazil Mining to US Separation

aclara

Aclara rare earth oxides production plans have been reaffirmed for the Carina project in Brazil, strengthening the company’s role in the emerging Americas rare earth supply chain. The Brazilian rare earth producer expects to produce more than 4,300 t/yr of rare earth oxides from 2028.

Aclara rare earth oxides output is expected to average 4,378 t/yr contained in mixed rare earth concentrate. The planned product mix includes 1,191 t/yr of neodymium-praseodymium, 156 t/yr of dysprosium and 27 t/yr of terbium.

Aclara rare earth oxides are strategically important because NdPr, dysprosium and terbium are key inputs for high-performance permanent magnets. These magnets are used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, robotics, defence systems and advanced industrial motors.

The Carina project is expected to have an 18-year mine life. Production costs are estimated at $29.20/kg of rare earth oxide produced, giving investors and customers a clearer basis for assessing the project’s long-term competitiveness.

Carina Project Adds Heavy Rare Earths to the Americas Supply Base

The Carina project’s value is not limited to light rare earths. Its mixed rare earth concentrate also contains several heavy rare earth elements that are difficult to secure outside China-linked supply chains.

Aclara expects annual output to include 173 t of samarium, 176 t of gadolinium, 10 t of lutetium and 1,160 t of yttrium. These materials add strategic depth to the project because heavy rare earth supply remains highly concentrated and increasingly sensitive to export controls.

Dysprosium and terbium are especially important for magnet performance. They improve heat resistance and magnetic stability in demanding applications such as EV traction motors, wind turbine generators and defence electronics.

The project therefore fits a wider western effort to build alternative rare earth supply chains. Brazil offers mineral potential, while the US provides downstream policy support and processing infrastructure incentives.

Construction at Carina is scheduled to begin in the third quarter of 2026. Initial output is expected in the second half of 2028, followed by ramp-up in 2029.

Louisiana Separation Plan Builds Downstream Magnet Chain

Aclara plans to send material from Carina to Louisiana for separation and processing. The US site will produce rare earth metals and alloys, moving the project beyond mine supply into downstream magnet material preparation.

This structure matters because rare earth security depends on more than mining. Mixed rare earth concentrate must be separated, refined, converted into metals and alloyed before it can support permanent magnet production.

The Louisiana processing route could therefore create a more integrated Brazil-US rare earth chain. It links Brazilian ionic clay-style rare earth resources with US separation, metal and alloy capacity.

Public-sector support strengthens the project’s strategic profile. The US International Development Finance Corporation provided $5mn for Carina’s development, while Louisiana granted $46mn in tax incentives to accelerate the separation project.

For western magnet manufacturers, Aclara’s model offers potential supply diversification. The company could provide NdPr, dysprosium and terbium units into a market where downstream users are actively seeking non-China material.

However, execution remains critical. The project must move through construction, commissioning, ramp-up and qualification before it can become a reliable supply source for magnet makers and strategic customers.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Aclara’s plan shows that rare earth competitiveness now depends on linking mine output with separation and metal conversion. The Brazil-Louisiana route could become strategically important if it delivers heavy rare earth volumes into the Americas magnet supply chain.

USA Rare Earth Serra Verde Acquisition Builds Ex-China Magnet Supply Chain

Serra Verde Group

USA Rare Earth Serra Verde acquisition will give the US rare earth producer direct access to one of the most important heavy rare earth projects outside China. The company has agreed to acquire Brazil’s Serra Verde Group for $2.8bn, accelerating its strategy to build a fully integrated mine-to-magnet supply chain.

The deal includes $300mn in cash and 126.85mn USA Rare Earth shares. After completion, USA Rare Earth shareholders will own 66% of the combined company, while Serra Verde shareholders will own 34%.

USA Rare Earth Serra Verde acquisition is strategically important because Serra Verde owns the Pela Ema ionic clay mine in Brazil. The project targets production of 6,400 t/yr of rare earth oxides by the end of 2027, with plans to double output later.

The acquisition gives USA Rare Earth exposure to four key magnet rare earth elements: neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium. These materials are essential for high-performance permanent magnets used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, robotics, aerospace, defence systems and advanced industrial motors.

The transaction also strengthens the company’s position in yttrium. Initial Serra Verde output is expected to include 1,534 t/yr of yttrium, a material whose price has risen sharply in the US market and which has strategic applications in ceramics, phosphors, electronics, alloys and defence-related materials.

Serra Verde Adds Heavy Rare Earth Feedstock and Price-Floor Protection

Serra Verde’s Pela Ema project gives USA Rare Earth a near-term rare earth oxide production base. Ionic clay deposits are strategically attractive because they can contain valuable heavy rare earths such as dysprosium and terbium.

Initial planned output of 6,400 t/yr of rare earth oxides is expected to include 164 t/yr of dysprosium and 29 t/yr of terbium. These are small volumes compared with light rare earths, but they carry high strategic value because they improve magnet performance in high-temperature applications.

Dysprosium and terbium are especially important for permanent magnets used in EV traction motors, wind turbine generators, industrial robotics, guided systems and aerospace components. Without these elements, magnets can lose performance under heat and stress.

The deal also includes a 15-year offtake agreement previously signed by Serra Verde with a special-purpose vehicle funded by US government agencies, including the Department of Commerce and Department of Energy. This gives the project a policy-backed commercial structure rather than relying only on spot-market sales.

The offtake agreement includes price floors for neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium. Floors are set at $110/kg for neodymium and praseodymium, $575/kg for dysprosium and $2,050/kg for terbium.

This structure is important because rare earth projects outside China often struggle when prices fall. Price floors can improve project bankability by protecting revenues and reducing the risk that China-linked supply undercuts new producers during market downturns.

Serra Verde will also share 70% of non-China index prices above the floor, net of separation costs. This gives the project exposure to upside while maintaining downside protection.

The company can also monetise non-offtake elements, including yttrium. That flexibility matters because ionic clay resources can contain multiple valuable rare earths beyond the main magnet feedstocks.

The market timing is favourable for heavy rare earth producers. US yttrium oxide prices have risen sharply, while dysprosium and terbium remain high-value magnet materials. Supply chains outside China remain thin, and buyers are increasingly focused on traceable, geopolitically secure material.

However, the acquisition does not remove execution risk. Serra Verde must still deliver target output, manage ramp-up, maintain product quality and connect mine production with separation, metal and magnet capacity.

Mine-to-Magnet Roll-Up Tests Western Rare Earth Integration

USA Rare Earth Serra Verde acquisition is part of a broader roll-up strategy. The company is building its supply chain through acquisitions rather than waiting for long greenfield development timelines.

USA Rare Earth bought UK-based Less Common Metals for $125mn in November. Less Common Metals gives the company rare earth metal and alloy production capability, a critical midstream step between separated oxides and finished magnets.

The company also acquired Texas Mineral Resources for $73mn in March to secure the Round Top heavy rare earth project in Texas. Round Top adds a US-based heavy rare earth resource to the group’s upstream portfolio.

Together, Serra Verde and Round Top are expected to give the combined company 17,100 t/yr of rare earth oxide mining capacity. Separation capacity will total 13,000 t/yr, while expanded metal and magnet-making capacity is planned at 27,500 t/yr and 10,000 t/yr, respectively.

This integration is the key point. Rare earth supply security cannot be solved by mining alone. Ore or concentrate must be separated, refined, converted into metals, alloyed and manufactured into magnets before it can support industrial customers.

Many western rare earth projects fail to cover the full chain. Some have resources but no separation. Others have separation but no heavy rare earth feedstock. Some can produce oxides but lack metal conversion and magnet-making capacity.

USA Rare Earth argues that the merged company will be the only fully integrated magnet supplier outside China. The claim reflects the company’s attempt to combine upstream heavy rare earth resources, separation, metal production and magnet manufacturing in one platform.

That structure could be attractive to customers in defence, aerospace, automotive, robotics and clean energy. These buyers increasingly need non-China supply options that can meet origin, traceability, qualification and security requirements.

The US government-backed offtake component also shows how rare earth supply chains are changing. Western governments are no longer relying only on free-market procurement. They are using price floors, strategic vehicles, financing support and industrial policy to build alternative supply.

Still, integration brings complexity. USA Rare Earth must combine assets across Brazil, Texas, the UK and planned downstream facilities. It must align mining output, separation chemistry, metal production, magnet capacity, customer qualification and government-backed offtake obligations.

The valuation also raises expectations. A $2.8bn acquisition price gives Serra Verde a large strategic premium. The deal will need to deliver heavy rare earth output, stable separation economics and customer demand to justify that value.

The broader market implication is clear. Heavy rare earth supply is becoming the strategic centre of the magnet market. Neodymium and praseodymium remain essential, but dysprosium and terbium determine performance in the most demanding applications.

China still dominates much of the rare earth separation, metal and magnet chain. The USA Rare Earth-Serra Verde deal is an attempt to create an alternative industrial route at scale.

If successful, the combined company could become a rare western platform with upstream resources, heavy rare earth exposure, midstream conversion and downstream magnet capability. If execution slips, it will show again how difficult it is to recreate China’s integrated rare earth ecosystem outside China.

The Metalnomist Commentary

USA Rare Earth Serra Verde acquisition shows that the rare earth race is shifting from single-asset mining stories to integrated supply-chain control. The deal’s real test will be whether USA Rare Earth can turn Brazilian ionic clay output, US heavy rare earth resources, separation capacity and magnet production into a bankable ex-China magnet platform.

St George Mining Signs Strategic Rare Earth Supply Agreement with Brazilian Partners

St George Mining

Australian mining company St George Mining (SGM) has entered into a significant five-year deal to supply rare earth metals to a pioneering rare earth magnet facility in Brazil, underscoring a strategic move to strengthen the supply chain for critical minerals.

Expanding Rare Earth Capacities

SGM's new partnership involves the Brazilian technology agency Senai and the Federation of the Industries of the state of Minas Gerais (Fiemg). The collaboration focuses on supporting pilot magnet production at the Lab Fab facility, managed by Fiemg. Although specifics such as the supply volumes remain undisclosed, this agreement marks a crucial step towards developing Brazil's rare earth capabilities. The rare earth metals for this project will be sourced from SGM's Araxá mine, with production anticipated to commence post-mine launch, though specific timelines are yet to be provided.

Collaborative Efforts and Future Plans

Alongside the supply deal, SGM has committed to multiple agreements with Fiemg and Senai, signed on December 12, to promote and research Brazilian rare earth magnet production. This includes permitting Senai to conduct metallurgical testing at the Araxá facilities. The Fiemg’s pilot facility is expected to start operations in 2025, with an initial output target of 100 tons per year of rare earth magnets, aiming to double this capacity within three years.

This initiative aligns with broader efforts to position Brazil as a significant player in the rare earth industry, potentially becoming the first large-scale rare earth magnet producer in the Southern Hemisphere.

Broader Industry Impacts

The deal follows SGM's acquisition of the Araxá mine, which is rich in heavy rare earth mineral deposits, from Houston-based fertilizer firm Ifatos. The transaction, expected to close in the coming months, adds substantial value to SGM's asset base. Additionally, this agreement is part of a larger trend, as seen with fellow Australian miner Meteoric Resources, which also signed a supply deal with Fiemg earlier this year.

The significance of these developments is magnified by recent international trade tensions, highlighted by China’s decision to restrict gallium exports to the US, emphasizing the importance of diversifying the global supply chain for rare earth elements.

Viridion Considers US Rare Earth Refinery to Boost Supply Chains

Viridion

Viridion Evaluates Refining Expansion in US and Brazil

Brazilian rare earth producer Viridion is weighing the construction of a rare earth refinery in the United States alongside a magnet refining and recycling facility in Brazil. Viridion is a joint venture between Australia’s Viridis Mining and Minerals and Ionic Rare Earths (IonicRE). The initiative follows recent funding support under Brazil’s $1.4bn Strategic Minerals Transformation Initiative, led by the National Bank for Economic and Social Development.

An internal study suggested that a proposed US refinery in Tennessee could produce 4,000 t/yr of separated rare earth oxides (REOs). The project would leverage proximity to potential partners while securing downstream processing capacity for non-Chinese supply chains.

US Refinery to Process Feed from Uganda’s Makuutu Project

The proposed Tennessee facility would process mixed rare earth carbonate (MREC) from IonicRE’s 60pc-owned Makuutu Rare Earth Project in Uganda. The Makuutu project stands out for its 45pc medium and heavy rare earths content, one of the highest reported concentrations globally. These elements, including dysprosium and terbium, are critical for permanent magnets in clean energy and defense industries.

Meanwhile, Viridion continues to advance recycling initiatives in Brazil. In May, the company delivered its first batch of recycled magnet REOs to local partners. Discussions are ongoing for pilot plant sites that could scale into full refineries and recycling hubs.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Viridion’s dual focus on US refining and Brazilian recycling underscores the geopolitical urgency of rare earth diversification. If realized, the Tennessee facility could reduce Western reliance on Chinese separation capacity, while Brazil positions itself as a recycling hub. Success will depend on financing, permitting, and securing offtake agreements in both markets.

Australian Firm Meteoric Resources to Supply Rare Earths for U.S. Manufacturing

Meteoric Resources, an Australian Securities Exchange-listed company, announced today that it will supply 3,000 metric tonnes of rare earth oxide from its Caldeira project in Minas Gerais, Brazil, to Ucore Rare Metals, a Canadian firm. The rare earth oxides will be used at Ucore's new plant in Louisiana, marking a significant step in North America's efforts to secure critical minerals necessary for advanced manufacturing and technology.

The supply deal, formalized through a memorandum of understanding, also includes a provision for Meteoric to supply at least 3,000 metric tonnes per year of neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, and dysprosium. These rare earth elements are essential in the production of high-performance magnets used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, and various other high-tech applications.

Ucore Rare Metals plans to commence production at the Louisiana facility by the end of 2025, with full commercial operations expected to begin in the first half of 2026. This partnership is seen as a strategic move to bolster U.S. supply chains for critical materials, reducing dependence on Chinese imports, which currently dominate the global market.

Meteoric Resources has been actively expanding its presence in the rare earth sector. In addition to the Ucore deal, the company signed supply agreements with a Brazilian rare earth magnet facility in June and with Neo Performance Materials in May. These agreements position Meteoric as a key player in the global rare earth supply chain, particularly at a time when demand for these materials is expected to surge.

The collaboration between Meteoric and Ucore underscores the growing importance of securing reliable sources of rare earth elements, as countries and companies alike seek to mitigate risks associated with supply chain disruptions and geopolitical tensions.

Serra Verde Secures $150 Million for Rare Earth Expansion in Brazil

Serra Verde

Brazilian mining company Serra Verde has been awarded $150 million in funding to bolster its efforts in developing sustainable rare earth element (REE) production. The investment, led by Denham Capital, the US' Energy and Minerals Group, and the UK's Vision Blue Resources, is set to enhance operational capacity and drive long-term expansion of rare earth supply chains.

This funding initiative aligns with the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) project, a global effort involving 14 countries and the European Union. The MSP focuses on accelerating the development of critical energy mineral supply chains to support the global energy transition.

Pioneering Rare Earth Production Outside Asia

Located in the central-western state of Goias, Serra Verde commenced commercial production earlier this year. It is recognized as the first large-scale rare earth operation outside Asia, leveraging Brazil's third-largest global reserves, estimated at 21 million tons according to the US Geological Survey.

The Serra Verde deposit contains a high proportion of both heavy and light rare earth elements, including neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, and dysprosium. These critical minerals are essential for manufacturing clean energy technologies such as wind turbines, electric vehicles, and high-performance magnets.

A Boost for Sustainable Rare Earths Supply

As demand for rare earths continues to grow globally, this investment positions Serra Verde as a key player in diversifying rare earth supply chains, reducing reliance on Asia-dominated markets. The focus on sustainable production practices also aligns with rising environmental and governance standards in the mining industry.

With Serra Verde’s expanded operations, Brazil solidifies its position as a critical rare earth supplier, contributing to global energy and technological advancements.

Axel REE Brazil Rare Earth Deal Advances Magnet Supply Chain in Southern Hemisphere

Axel REE

Axel REE signs landmark rare earth deal with Minas Gerais

Axel REE has signed a collaboration deal with the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais to support rare earth magnet development. The deal centers on LabFab ITR, the only rare earth magnet laboratory in the Southern Hemisphere. Axel will supply the lab with materials and gain access to research programs and magnet manufacturing pilot tests.

As a result, the partnership marks a significant step toward regional self-sufficiency in rare earth technologies.

In addition, Minas Gerais will assist Axel REE with permitting, development support, and engagement with government agencies. The state has committed to backing all exploration and operational stages across Axel’s local project portfolio.

Gallium and lithium also part of exploration focus

Axel REE holds two projects in Minas Gerais — Caladão and Caldas — with Caladão nearing final exploration. Caladão contains one of the world’s highest-grade gallium reserves, while Caldas remains in early discovery stages. These assets position Axel to benefit from both energy transition and semiconductor material demand. 

The agreements signed are non-binding but align with Brazil’s strategy to elevate its role in global critical minerals. Meanwhile, Axel’s positioning in gallium and lithium adds strategic depth beyond rare earths.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This rare earth magnet deal marks a shift in global REE value chains. Axel REE’s entry into Brazil could reduce reliance on China and diversify supply for magnet and gallium materials. If successful, LabFab ITR may emerge as a critical hub for rare earth innovation in the southern hemisphere.

Atlas Lithium rare earths in Brazil reshape its critical minerals story

Atlas Lithium

Atlas Lithium rare earths in Brazil mark a major strategic shift for the US-listed lithium developer. The company has identified rare earth deposits at its Ipora and Alto do Paranaiba projects, adding ionic clay and sedimentary rock resources to its portfolio. This Atlas Lithium rare earths in Brazil announcement broadens its exposure beyond brine and hard-rock lithium into magnetic and heavy rare earths.

The Ipora project in Goias has emerged as an important ionic clay discovery. Initial drilling shows 2,071ppm total rare earth oxides (Treo), including 775ppm magnetic rare earth oxides, positioning Atlas Lithium rare earths in Brazil within a competitive grade range. As a result, the project stands out for its heavy rare earth oxide recovery rate of 55pc and yttrium recovery at 63pc, both attractive metrics for downstream magnet and electronics supply chains.

Alto do Paranaiba links rare earths with titanium credits

Alto do Paranaiba in Minas Gerais adds a very different style of mineralisation. The project hosts near-surface Treo grades up to 28,870ppm alongside 23.3pc titanium dioxide, pointing to potential by-product titanium value. Therefore Atlas Lithium rare earths in Brazil now span both ionic clays and high-grade sedimentary units, which can diversify processing options and revenue streams.

However, the company still needs to confirm continuity, metallurgy and scalable mine plans at Alto do Paranaiba. Near-surface grades offer potential for lower strip ratios and faster development, but sediment-hosted rare earths require careful flowsheet design. Investors will focus on how Atlas prioritises drilling, pilot testing and sequencing between Ipora and Alto do Paranaiba.

Building a multi-commodity critical minerals platform

Atlas Critical Minerals, the company’s Brazilian subsidiary, now controls more than 218,000 hectares of mineral rights across rare earths, titanium, graphite and uranium. This scale provides optionality for partnerships and off-take, especially as Western buyers seek non-Chinese rare earth sources. Meanwhile, combining Atlas Lithium rare earths in Brazil with its lithium portfolio could position the group as an integrated critical minerals developer rather than a single-commodity play.

As a result, Atlas can align its narrative with supply-chain diversification, energy transition and defence applications. But execution risk remains high, given early-stage status, capital needs and complex permitting in Brazil. Clear timelines, resource updates and metallurgical results will determine whether these discoveries translate into bankable projects.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Atlas is moving quickly to rebrand itself from a pure lithium story into a broader critical minerals platform. The rare earth discoveries are promising, particularly the ionic clay potential at Ipora, but still sit firmly in the exploration risk bucket. For now, these finds strengthen strategic optionality and headline appeal more than near-term cash flow.

Brazil Critical Minerals Processing Moves Closer to a US-Backed Expansion

US, critical minerals in Brazil

Brazil critical minerals processing is moving closer to a new strategic phase. The United States is now openly discussing financing and technical support for Brazil critical minerals processing. Washington sees Brazil as an essential partner in a more resilient Western supply chain. As a result, Brazil critical minerals processing is becoming a serious geopolitical and industrial priority.

This shift matters because Brazil has large reserves but limited downstream scale. The country holds major positions in niobium, rare earths, graphite, nickel, and lithium. Yet Brazil still contributes only a small share of global rare earth production. Therefore, the next stage of the market will depend less on geology and more on industrial buildout.

The US focus appears especially clear in heavy rare earths. Projects such as Serra Verde and Aclara already show where this strategy may go. Both are tied to mixed rare earth products with higher dysprosium and terbium content. Consequently, heavy rare earth processing in Brazil is becoming more central to future magnet supply chains.

US-Brazil Critical Minerals Partnership Is Moving Beyond Mining

US-Brazil critical minerals partnership is now shifting from resource interest toward processing ambition. US officials said financing from the Development Finance Corporation and technical cooperation could support that next step. That matters because processing is where more value stays inside the supply chain. As a result, Brazil is being positioned as more than a raw materials source.

This approach also fits wider US strategy in Latin America. Washington has already signed critical minerals agreements with several regional partners. Brazil stands out because of its resource scale and industrial sophistication. Therefore, it offers stronger conditions for building midstream capacity than many other jurisdictions.

However, the political structure will matter. Brazil would still need to allow foreign-backed processing development on its territory. That means any real progress will require policy alignment as well as financing. Meanwhile, both governments appear to understand that strong partnerships will decide whether this vision becomes real.

Brazil Rare Earth Value Chain Depends on Industrialization, Not Exports Alone

Brazil rare earth value chain expansion is also a domestic political priority. President Lula has made it clear that Brazil does not want to remain a simple exporter of critical minerals. He wants foreign companies to build downstream industry inside the country. That message aligns closely with demands from Brazilian market participants.

The same logic applies beyond rare earths. Lithium producers and industry groups also want policies that support a full end-to-end value chain. They argue Brazil has the resource base to become a global critical minerals leader. However, the country still lacks stronger fiscal incentives for midstream and downstream investment. Therefore, Brazil critical minerals processing may advance only if industrial policy becomes more competitive.

That is why current US interest matters so much. External financing can help, but it cannot replace local policy support. If Brazil combines foreign capital with domestic industrial incentives, it could move far higher in the global value chain. As a result, Brazil rare earth value chain development may become one of the most important critical minerals stories in the Americas.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Brazil now faces a clear strategic choice. It can stay rich in reserves but light in processing, or it can push deeper into value-added industry. If US backing and Brazilian industrial policy move together, Brazil could become one of the West’s most important critical minerals processing hubs.

Aclara Produces First REE Concentrate in Brazil with Circular Mining Technology

Aclara Resources

Pilot Plant Targets Heavy Rare Earth Output Through August

Aclara Resources has produced its first rare earth elements (REE) concentrate at a pilot plant in Brazil, marking a key milestone in its integrated mining-to-magnet strategy. In May, the facility processed 14 metric tonnes (t) of ionic clay, yielding concentrates containing dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb). Operations will continue through August, with up to 200t of clays expected to generate approximately 150kg of heavy REE concentrates.

Sustainable Mining and Global Expansion Plans

The Brazilian pilot plant uses Aclara’s proprietary Circular Mineral Harvesting technology, which removes the need for tailings dams and reduces environmental impact. This facility is part of a broader strategy encompassing the Carina Project in Goias, Brazil, and the Penco Module in Chile’s Biobio Region. Aclara also plans to establish a rare earth separation facility in the US. The Carina Project aims to produce 4,736t/yr of total rare earth oxides, including 191t of DyTb, with commercial operations targeted for 2028.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Aclara’s move to pilot REE production in Brazil positions it as a competitive player in the heavy rare earth market. Its low-impact extraction method addresses growing environmental concerns, while its integrated supply chain strategy could help secure critical minerals for the global magnet industry. The success of the Carina Project will be pivotal in determining its long-term market influence.

EU Brazil critical minerals agreement targets strategic autonomy

Brazil critical minerals

The EU Brazil critical minerals agreement signals a major shift in how Europe secures lithium, nickel and rare earths. The EU Brazil critical minerals agreement aims to underpin the bloc’s digital and clean transitions while reducing exposure to geopolitical shocks. By elevating Brazil as a strategic partner, the EU Brazil critical minerals agreement also diversifies away from single-country dependence in sensitive supply chains.

EU Brazil critical minerals agreement builds on Mercosur trade deal

The new framework for critical minerals cooperation comes as the EU signs a long-awaited free trade agreement with Mercosur. This broader deal creates a legal and commercial backbone for long-term investment in Brazil’s mining, processing and midstream industries. As a result, European OEMs and utilities gain clearer access to Brazilian lithium, nickel and rare earths under a stable trade regime.

EU leaders explicitly link critical minerals to the green and digital transitions, not just to raw material security. The EU wants Brazilian supply to feed battery plants, magnet producers and clean-tech manufacturers across the bloc. Meanwhile, joint projects in exploration, processing and ESG standards can lift Brazil’s role from simple ore exporter to integrated value chain partner.

The trade and minerals agenda also reflects Brazil’s own industrial policy. Brasília seeks to climb the value chain by promoting local processing, refining and technology transfer. EU financing, offtake contracts and technology cooperation can accelerate that goal and create more predictable long-term flows to European buyers.

China export controls keep rare earth risks in focus

China’s rolling export controls on medium and heavy rare earths remain the backdrop for this strategic pivot. Even with recent suspensions and simplified licensing, Beijing still holds powerful levers over global magnet and rare earth supply. European policymakers view these episodes as a warning that minerals can become tools of coercion in future disputes.

Therefore, the EU is racing to build parallel supply routes through partners like Brazil, Australia, Canada and the US. New agreements with Brazil complement EU critical raw materials partnerships already under way with other producer countries. In practice, this means more diversified sourcing of rare earths, battery metals and strategic by-products into European industry.

However, turning memorandums into molecules will take time and capital. Brazil must expand infrastructure, environmental permitting capacity and midstream processing to meet European demand. The EU, in turn, must mobilise public finance, de-risk long-term offtakes and align sustainability rules with commercial reality for miners and processors.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This deal underlines how trade policy and critical minerals strategy now move in lockstep. For metals and mining players, EU–Brazil alignment could unlock new funding, offtake and joint-venture structures over the next decade. The key question is how fast projects can move from political announcements to bankable assets before the next supply shock hits.

Brazil India Critical Minerals Deal Targets Rare Earths and Supply Chain Resilience

Brazil-India rare earth

Brazil India critical minerals deal marks a strategic step toward deeper cooperation in rare earths, battery materials, and mineral extraction technology. The agreement reflects a shared effort to reduce supply-chain exposure, support clean energy industries, and build alternative sources outside China-dominated processing networks.

The bilateral agreement, signed on 21 February, will support cooperation in critical minerals and rare earths. Brazil and India plan to develop both countries’ mineral industries while exchanging technologies to improve extraction and resource development. For India, the deal supports its push to reduce dependence on China. For Brazil, it strengthens efforts to turn large mineral reserves into higher-value industrial supply chains.

Brazil India critical minerals deal also fits a wider geopolitical shift. Governments are no longer treating rare earths, lithium, and other strategic minerals as ordinary commodities. They are becoming tools of industrial policy, energy security, and technology competitiveness.

Rare Earths Cooperation Strengthens India’s Diversification Strategy

India is seeking more resilient supply chains for minerals used in renewable energy, batteries, electronics, defence, and advanced manufacturing. Cooperation with Brazil gives India access to a resource-rich partner with significant reserves of critical minerals and rare earths.

This matters because rare earths are difficult to develop at scale. Mining is only one part of the challenge. Separation, refining, metallurgical processing, and environmental controls are often bigger bottlenecks. Therefore, technology exchange between Brazil and India could become as important as raw material access.

The agreement also supports India’s broader industrial strategy. As India expands electric mobility, battery manufacturing, renewable energy, and electronics production, secure mineral supply will become a competitiveness issue. The Brazil India critical minerals deal gives New Delhi another route to reduce concentration risk in its future supply base.

Lithium Trade Signals a Broader Minerals Partnership

Recent lithium activity shows that Brazil-India mineral cooperation is already moving beyond diplomatic language. Indian battery cathode manufacturer Altmin recently purchased a 33pc stake in Brazilian lithium producer CBL’s refinery for $40mn. Altmin also secured an offtake agreement for 5,000 t/yr of lithium carbonate.

This transaction highlights how investment and offtake can turn critical minerals policy into actual supply-chain capacity. Brazil has lithium resources and refining potential, while India has rising demand from battery and cathode industries. That creates a natural partnership if both countries can align financing, processing standards, and long-term procurement.

The wider trade target reinforces the strategic direction. Brazil and India expect bilateral goods trade to reach up to $20bn/yr by 2030, compared with $15bn/yr in 2025. Critical minerals, rare earths, lithium, renewable energy, defence, and commerce could all become part of a broader industrial corridor between the two economies.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Brazil India critical minerals deal shows how emerging economies are building their own mineral alliances instead of relying only on Western-led frameworks. The key question is whether Brazil and India can move from resource diplomacy to processing capacity, bankable projects, and reliable offtake.

Brazil, Saudi Arabia to cooperate for critical minerals

MME

Brazil, Saudi Arabia to cooperate for critical minerals as both governments move to deepen strategic resource ties. Brazil, Saudi Arabia to cooperate for critical minerals through a new working group that will align policy, investment, and project development. As a result, Brazil, Saudi Arabia to cooperate for critical minerals with a clear focus on exploration, mapping, and capital mobilisation.

Brazil’s mines and energy ministry and Saudi Arabia’s industry and mineral resources ministry will establish the working group to coordinate priorities. Brazilian minister Alexandre Silveira met Saudi minister Bandar Al-Khorayef in Riyadh to advance bilateral cooperation. Meanwhile, Silveira also sought support from Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund to finance projects that map Brazil’s mineral potential.

Why Saudi capital matters for Brazil’s iron ore, copper, and exploration push

Brazil, Saudi Arabia to cooperate for critical minerals at a time when Brazil wants faster project execution in key regions. Silveira is targeting streamlined development for iron ore and copper projects in northern Pará and southeastern Minas Gerais. Therefore, patient capital and structured financing could reduce timelines for studies, infrastructure, and early-stage buildout.

The outreach also signals a push to broaden Gulf participation in Latin American mining. Silveira wants to attract investment from Manara Minerals, which already has ties to major Brazilian iron ore supply. However, investors will still weigh permitting risk, logistics, and long-cycle commodity price exposure.

Rare earths and uranium strengthen the strategic case

Brazil, Saudi Arabia to cooperate for critical minerals partly because Brazil holds major strategic resources beyond bulk commodities. Brazil has one of the world’s largest rare earth reservoirs and a top-tier uranium reserve base. Meanwhile, Brazil has mapped only about 30% of its underground territory, leaving significant discovery upside.

More systematic mapping can re-rate Brazil’s pipeline from “resource-rich” to “project-ready.” As a result, downstream interest can expand from mines into processing, refining, and longer-term supply agreements. However, execution will hinge on data quality, stable regulation, and credible ESG management in new districts.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This cooperation looks like a classic “capital meets geology” alignment. However, Brazil will only convert interest into deals if mapping data becomes bankable and project permitting stays predictable. The next signal to watch is whether funding targets early-stage exploration or full project development.

Seabed Mining Rule-Making Likely to Slow Under New Leadership

International negotiations to establish rules for seabed mining are expected to decelerate with the election of a new leader for the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Leticia Carvalho, a Brazilian oceanographer, was recently elected as the new Secretary-General of the ISA, a United Nations agency responsible for regulating the extraction of minerals from the deep seabed. Carvalho will assume her role in January, succeeding British lawyer Michael Lodge, who had been at the helm since 2016.

The ISA has been embroiled in lengthy discussions among 168 countries about setting up a regulatory framework for extracting metals like cobalt, nickel, rare earth, and copper from the deep seabed, areas beyond any national jurisdiction. These negotiations have become increasingly contentious, with some governments and environmental groups raising concerns about the potential environmental damage and acceleration of climate change that deep-sea mining could cause.

Carvalho's election signals a shift in approach. Unlike her predecessor, who was eager to push forward with mining agreements, Carvalho has been described as more conservative and cautious. According to a Caribbean delegate, this change in leadership is expected to slow down the movement towards exploration and extraction. A European delegate echoed this sentiment, noting that Carvalho’s stance could mean more time will be spent on preparatory work before any mining licenses are issued.

Under Lodge’s leadership, the ISA had been working toward a mining code that would govern mineral extraction in international waters. However, Carvalho has emphasized the need for comprehensive regulations to be in place before any mining begins. These regulations would include measures to monitor the environmental impact and determine how the benefits from extracted metals would be distributed.

The ISA has already granted 31 exploration contracts for areas in the equatorial Pacific but has not yet authorized any actual mineral recovery. As discussions continue, the pace at which seabed mining progresses will likely slow down under Carvalho’s cautious leadership.