Liontown Lithium Sales Jump as Kathleen Valley Ramp-Up Gains Momentum

Liontown

Liontown lithium sales rose strongly in the fourth quarter of 2025 as Kathleen Valley continued its ramp-up. The company sold 112,000 dry metric tonnes of lithium concentrate during the quarter. That was 38pc higher than a year earlier. As a result, Liontown lithium sales now show stronger operating momentum from one of Australia’s most watched new lithium mines.

The performance matters because Kathleen Valley is still in a scale-up phase. Liontown is mining both open pit and underground ore at the operation. That gives the company more flexibility as it lifts production. Therefore, Liontown lithium sales are becoming a clearer indicator of how well the mine is moving toward steadier commercial output.

Pricing also remained supportive during the quarter. Liontown sold six parcels at an average realized price of $900 per dry metric tonne on a 6pc Li2O basis. Meanwhile, its all-in sustaining cost stood at $695 per dry metric tonne. Consequently, the gap between selling price and cost suggests improving commercial quality as volumes rise.

Kathleen Valley Lithium Mine Is Moving From Commissioning to Commercial Scale

The Kathleen Valley lithium mine is now shifting from early ramp-up toward more meaningful market participation. Liontown said it continues to increase production, which supports the stronger quarterly sales result. That matters because volume growth is often the hardest stage for new hard-rock lithium projects. However, Kathleen Valley now appears to be moving through that phase with growing confidence.

Product quality remains another key factor. The company sold concentrate at an average grade of 5.1pc lithium oxide during the quarter. While that sits below the 6pc reference basis used for pricing, it still shows the mine is delivering saleable material at rising volumes. Therefore, the Kathleen Valley lithium mine is strengthening both operational credibility and commercial visibility.

The company’s pricing strategy also adds flexibility. Liontown uses a mix of spodumene, lithium carbonate, and lithium hydroxide indexes with different quotation periods. That approach can help it respond to changing market conditions. As a result, Liontown lithium sales are not tied to a single pricing formula in a volatile market.

Spodumene Auction Pricing Adds a High-Value Option to Liontown’s Sales Mix

Spodumene auction pricing is becoming one of the most interesting parts of Liontown’s strategy. The company plans to retain 10-20pc of production for auction. It sold 10,000 dry metric tonnes in its first auction in November at $1,254 per dry metric tonne. That result was well above the quarter’s average realized price.

This matters because auctions can capture faster price movements than longer-term formula contracts. Liontown also said spodumene prices rose faster than lithium chemical prices during the quarter. That created an opportunity to extract more value from spot-facing sales. Consequently, spodumene auction pricing could become an important earnings lever as production expands.

The customer base also strengthens the company’s market position. Liontown has offtake agreements with LG Energy Solution, Chengxin, Tesla, and Ford. Meanwhile, LG Energy Solution now owns 8pc of the company after converting its convertible note into equity. Therefore, Liontown enters the next phase of ramp-up with both industrial backing and diversified commercial relationships.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Liontown is no longer just a development story. It is becoming a live test of how new spodumene producers balance contracted sales with auction upside. If Kathleen Valley keeps ramping smoothly, Liontown could become one of the more commercially agile lithium names in the market.

China Nickel and Lithium Futures Opening Could Expand Global Pricing Power

The China Securities Regulatory Commission

China nickel and lithium futures are moving toward a more international market structure. Regulators approved access for foreign investors to key contracts. The decision covers SHFE nickel futures and options, plus GFEX lithium carbonate futures and options. As a result, China nickel and lithium futures could gain greater influence in global metals pricing.

The move reflects China’s larger industrial position in both metals. China remains the biggest consumer of nickel and lithium. It also plays a central role in stainless steel and lithium-ion battery production. Therefore, policymakers want market pricing power to better match physical market importance.

The approval also has strategic timing. Chinese-invested nickel operations in Indonesia now account for about 70pc of Indonesian capacity. That gives Chinese-linked supply strong relevance in global nickel trade. Meanwhile, opening China nickel and lithium futures could connect that supply base more closely to domestic benchmarks.

Foreign Investors in Chinese Futures Could Deepen Benchmark Influence

Foreign investors in Chinese futures could make domestic benchmarks more internationally credible. This is the first metal product on the SHFE approved for foreign participation as a special variety. That makes SHFE nickel futures especially significant. Consequently, the market now sees a clearer path toward stronger China commodity pricing power.

Lithium carbonate futures could also gain more strategic value. The GFEX contract launched only in 2023, but it already influences industry behaviour. Many traders now operate across both futures and spot markets. Therefore, wider access could accelerate the contract’s role as a pricing reference.

However, rules will determine how meaningful this opening becomes. The regulator has not yet released start dates or detailed implementation terms. Market participants said those details will shape participation and liquidity. As a result, the policy signal is strong, but execution still matters most.

China Commodity Pricing Power Still Depends on Liquidity and Market Discipline

China commodity pricing power will not rise automatically after market opening. Previous experience with copper futures on the Shanghai International Energy Exchange offers a cautionary example. Foreign access began in 2020, but liquidity stayed weak under multiple restrictions. Therefore, market design will matter more than headline approval alone.

The opening also creates new risks for domestic markets. Short-term foreign capital can intensify price swings if inflows or outflows become concentrated. That could increase volatility in futures and spill into the spot market. Meanwhile, supervision of overseas participants may become more complex.

Initial market reaction remained limited. The most-traded February nickel contract rose modestly, while the May lithium carbonate contract fell. That muted response suggests traders are waiting for operational details. Consequently, China nickel and lithium futures still need practical credibility before sentiment changes materially.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This policy matters because China wants pricing influence to reflect its physical dominance in battery and stainless steel supply chains. But internationalisation works only when access rules support real liquidity and trust. If implementation stays restrictive, China may gain visibility without gaining true benchmark power.

Elevra Lithium Production Guidance Cut Signals Short-Term Pressure at North American Lithium

Elevra

Elevra lithium production guidance now points to a softer short-term operating outlook. The company lowered its forecast for spodumene concentrate production and sales for the fiscal year ending 30 June. It now expects production of 180,000-190,000 dry metric tonnes, below its earlier range. As a result, Elevra lithium production guidance reflects mining optimization challenges rather than a change in long-term strategy.

The revision matters because the North American Lithium mine remains a key hard-rock lithium asset in Quebec. Elevra also holds broader lithium exposure in the US, Australia, and Ghana. However, current performance at its main operating site is now the market’s main focus. Therefore, Elevra lithium production guidance will shape near-term confidence in its broader growth story.

Lower Lithium Recovery Rates Are Driving the Guidance Reset

Lower lithium recovery rates are the clearest reason behind the downgrade. Recovery in the December quarter fell to 62pc, down seven percentage points from the previous quarter. The company linked this decline to lower ore grades and higher iron content. Consequently, plant performance weakened even as market prices improved.

The company said the downgrade is temporary and tied to ongoing operating adjustments. It is using increased grade-control drilling and ore blending to improve mine performance. Those steps should help stabilize feed quality over time. However, until those benefits appear, production and sales will remain under pressure.

Cost guidance also moved in the wrong direction. Unit operating costs increased to $860-880 per dry metric tonne from the prior outlook of $765-830. Lower sales volumes drove much of that increase. As a result, weaker production is now affecting both output and margin performance.

Rising Spodumene Prices Offer Partial Support to Elevra

Rising spodumene prices are providing some relief despite weaker operating performance. In the December quarter, Elevra sold 66,016 dry metric tonnes in line with guidance. Its realized selling price rose by 27pc from the previous quarter to $998 per dry metric tonne fob. Therefore, stronger market pricing is helping offset part of the operating setback.

This pricing support matters because Elevra has important commercial relationships in place. The company holds multi-year offtake agreements with Tesla and LG Chem. Its pricing also references international market levels and a forward sales structure linked to lithium hydroxide futures. Meanwhile, frequent contango in that futures market can support better commercial positioning.

The broader message is mixed rather than negative. Elevated spot prices show demand support remains present in the lithium chain. However, pricing alone cannot solve mine performance issues. Therefore, the real test for Elevra lithium production guidance will be whether operational improvements restore recovery and volume.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This downgrade is important because it highlights a familiar hard-rock lithium problem. Good pricing can support revenue, but recovery and ore quality still determine real performance. If Elevra improves blending and grade control, this may look like a temporary setback rather than a structural weakness.

PLS Lithium Phosphate Offtake Signals Shift Toward Midstream Battery Materials

PLS Lithium

PLS lithium phosphate offtake with China’s Ningbo Ronbay New Energy Technology marks a strategic step by the Australian lithium producer into higher-value battery materials. The agreement covers lithium phosphate from PLS’ midstream lithium refining demonstration plant.

PLS lithium phosphate offtake gives the company an early customer pathway as it tests whether spodumene can be converted into an intermediate chemical product with broader downstream appeal. The plant is scheduled to deliver first product in the third quarter of 2026.

PLS lithium phosphate offtake also links the company directly with Ronbay, one of the world’s largest lithium iron phosphate cathode material producers. Ronbay will provide technical support as PLS works to optimise product quality and specification.

The agreement’s price and volume details were not disclosed. But the pricing structure will broadly reference lithium chemical prices, with a proportional mechanism similar to spodumene pricing.

Lithium Phosphate Could Shorten the LFP Supply Chain

PLS’ demonstration plant is designed to produce more than 3,000 t/yr of lithium phosphate. It will consume about 27,000 t/yr of spodumene.

The company took full ownership of the plant from former joint-venture partner Calix in February. That gives PLS more control over the development route as it moves beyond conventional lithium concentrate sales.

The strategic importance lies in the possible use of lithium phosphate as a direct feedstock for LFP cathode production. Some LFP cathode producers are testing lithium phosphate instead of lithium carbonate because it could shorten processing steps and reduce total production costs.

This matters because LFP batteries are gaining share in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Cathode producers want lower-cost, reliable and scalable lithium inputs that can support high-volume manufacturing.

If lithium phosphate can meet strict cathode specifications, PLS could access a new customer base. Instead of selling only to lithium hydroxide or carbonate converters, it could sell directly into cathode material supply chains.

That would move PLS closer to battery manufacturers and allow it to capture more margin inside the lithium value chain.

Quality Testing Will Determine Commercial Potential

The opportunity remains at an early stage. PLS has warned that lithium phosphate must meet demanding quality requirements before it can become a commercial cathode feedstock.

Battery material customers require tight control over impurities, consistency, particle characteristics and chemical performance. A product that works technically at small scale must still prove reliability across repeated production.

Ronbay’s role is therefore important. As a major LFP cathode producer, it can provide practical feedback on product suitability, processing performance and downstream qualification needs.

The agreement also reflects a broader trend in lithium markets. Producers are no longer focused only on mining and concentrate production. They are looking for midstream products that can reduce processing complexity and improve customer access.

For PLS, lithium phosphate could serve multiple markets. It may supply existing lithium chemical producers, while also opening a direct route to cathode manufacturers.

The demonstration plant will test whether that strategy can move from concept to commercial scale. If successful, it could give spodumene producers a new pathway into battery materials without fully entering carbonate or hydroxide production.

The Metalnomist Commentary

PLS’ lithium phosphate strategy is a clear attempt to move higher in the battery value chain without jumping directly into full chemical conversion. The key test will be whether cathode makers accept lithium phosphate as a reliable feedstock at scale, not just as a technical possibility.

Yahua Terminates Finniss Lithium Offtake Deal with Core Lithium Following Project Suspension

Yahua Lithium

Chinese lithium producer Yahua terminated its spodumene offtake agreement with Australia's Core Lithium for the suspended Finniss project operations. The Yahua Finniss lithium deal termination follows Core Lithium's decision to halt operations at the Australian project in July 2024. Core Lithium agreed to pay Yahua a $2 million settlement to resolve the contractual obligations under the original 2019 offtake agreement for the Yahua Finniss lithium supply arrangement.

Original Offtake Agreement Targeted 75,000 Tonnes Annual Spodumene Supply

The terminated offtake agreement required Yahua to purchase at least 75,000 metric tonnes per year of spodumene concentrate from Core Lithium's Finniss project. The parties signed this long-term supply contract in 2019 when lithium market fundamentals appeared more favorable for Australian project development. However, the Finniss project faced operational challenges and market headwinds that ultimately led to the suspension of mining activities.

Core Lithium's decision to halt operations reflects broader challenges facing Australian lithium projects amid volatile pricing and operational complexities. The $2 million settlement payment compensates Yahua for the terminated supply relationship while releasing both parties from future contractual obligations. Meanwhile, the Yahua Finniss lithium deal termination demonstrates the risks facing long-term offtake agreements when projects encounter operational difficulties.

Diversified Supply Strategy Shields Yahua from Feedstock Disruption

Yahua emphasized that the Finniss project termination will not affect its lithium feedstock supply security due to diversified sourcing strategies. The Chinese lithium producer owns the Kamativi lithium assets in Zimbabwe, providing direct control over spodumene production and processing operations. As a result, this backward integration strategy reduces Yahua's dependence on third-party Australian suppliers for critical lithium raw materials.

The company maintains additional supply agreements with established lithium miners including Australia's Pilbara Minerals and other global producers. These diversified supply relationships ensure consistent feedstock availability despite individual project disruptions or market volatility. Therefore, Yahua's multi-sourced approach provides operational flexibility and supply chain resilience across different geographic regions and mining operations.

Yahua's response to the Finniss project termination highlights the importance of supply diversification in the volatile lithium market. Chinese lithium processors increasingly pursue backward integration strategies and multiple supplier relationships to manage supply risks. Consequently, the Yahua Finniss lithium deal termination reinforces the strategic value of diversified sourcing approaches for lithium chemical producers.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Yahua-Core Lithium offtake termination illustrates the fragility of long-term supply agreements in volatile commodity markets, particularly for emerging lithium projects facing operational and financial pressures. Yahua's emphasis on supply diversification through asset ownership and multiple supplier relationships reflects the evolving risk management strategies of Chinese lithium processors seeking to secure feedstock supplies amid market uncertainty and project development challenges.

Finniss Lithium Operation Restart Signals Australian Spodumene Supply Return

Core Lithium

Finniss Lithium Operation is returning to production after Core Lithium restarted mining at the Grants open pit in Australia’s Northern Territory. The move marks the reopening of an asset that had been in care and maintenance since 2024 because of weak lithium prices.

Finniss Lithium Operation will process its first ore in the September quarter, with the first spodumene concentrate shipment expected in the December quarter. Additional shipments are planned for 2027.

Finniss Lithium Operation restart reflects the sharp recovery in spodumene prices after supply constraints emerged in late 2025. Core Lithium approved the restart in March as stronger pricing improved the economics of bringing idled capacity back online.

The Grants pit will provide access to around 800,000t of ore and deliver about 100,000t of spodumene concentrate on a 5% lithium oxide basis. Mining has started in line with Core Lithium’s final investment decision schedule and cost expectations.

Grants Pit Brings Near-Term Spodumene Back to Market

The Grants open pit gives Core Lithium a near-term route back into the seaborne spodumene market. First ore processing in the September quarter and first shipment in the December quarter create a clear restart timeline.

This matters because Australian lithium producers are beginning to respond to stronger market conditions. Several operations that were halted during the downturn are now restarting as prices recover.

Spodumene prices have rebounded sharply from the lows reached in December 2025. The recovery has made previously idled hard-rock assets more attractive, especially those with existing infrastructure and established development plans.

For buyers, the return of Finniss adds incremental Australian supply at a time when lithium converters are reassessing feedstock security. But the restart also adds new supply into a market still vulnerable to oversupply if too many projects return at once.

Core Lithium’s timing is therefore important. The company is moving before the next wave of supply fully arrives, but it must still prove stable mining, processing and shipment performance after a long shutdown.

BP33 Sets Up Longer-Term Finniss Expansion

Core Lithium is also advancing infrastructure work at the BP33 underground mine. The company awarded a A$274mn underground mining services contract to Develop Global for a three-to-five-year period.

BP33 is expected to be developed by mid-2027. It should help lift ore production at Finniss to 1.2mn t/yr by mid-2028.

Core Lithium’s final investment decision summary outlines a longer-term plan to produce spodumene concentrate over a 20-year mine life. Expected unit costs are around A$762/t, giving the operation leverage to higher spodumene pricing if execution stays on track.

The restart and BP33 development show how lithium producers are rebuilding confidence after the 2024-25 market downturn. The key difference now is that investors and customers will focus more closely on cost discipline, grade, logistics and customer commitments.

For the broader battery supply chain, Finniss adds another signal that Australian spodumene remains central to global lithium raw material supply. The market recovery is bringing supply back, but long-term balance will depend on whether battery demand can absorb returning and new production.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Core Lithium’s restart shows that the lithium cycle has turned enough to bring idled Australian mines back into action. The risk is that recovering prices invite too much supply too quickly, making cost discipline and offtake quality more important than restart headlines.

AMG Lithium Hydroxide Sales Lift First-Quarter Profit as German Refinery Starts Output

AMG Lithium

AMG Lithium hydroxide sales drove a sharp first-quarter turnaround as AMG Lithium began selling unqualified battery-grade lithium hydroxide from its new German refinery. The subsidiary of AMG Critical Minerals sold $21mn of lithium hydroxide in January-March, helping revenue rise by 89%.

AMG Lithium hydroxide sales marked the first commercial contribution from the German refinery. The plant produced its first commercial batches during the quarter, giving AMG a new downstream revenue stream beyond spodumene concentrate.

AMG Lithium hydroxide sales remain at an early stage because the material has not yet completed customer qualification and approval processes for long-term supply contracts. The “unqualified” label does not mean the product lacks battery-grade characteristics. It means customers have not yet fully approved it for routine contracted supply.

The result shows how lithium producers are trying to move further down the battery materials chain. Spodumene mining remains important, but lithium hydroxide refining offers higher-value exposure if qualification, consistency and customer approvals are achieved.

German Refinery Adds Downstream Lithium Exposure

AMG Lithium’s first-quarter performance shows the strategic value of adding refining capacity in Europe. The German refinery allows the company to convert lithium feedstock into lithium hydroxide closer to European battery and cathode customers.

Battery-grade lithium hydroxide is a key input for nickel-rich cathode chemistries used in electric vehicles and high-performance batteries. European supply remains strategically important as the region seeks to reduce dependence on imported battery chemicals.

The refinery’s first commercial batches therefore carry industrial significance beyond the initial sales value. AMG is building a position in the midstream lithium chain, where qualification, product quality and customer trust determine long-term value.

However, qualification remains the key hurdle. Battery customers require strict consistency, impurity control and process reliability before committing to long-term supply agreements.

The company’s current sales are therefore an early commercial step, not a fully mature refinery ramp-up. The next stage will depend on customer approvals, stable production volumes and the ability to secure higher-value contracts.

Brazil Spodumene Recovery Supports Integrated Model

AMG’s Brazil lithium mine also improved during the quarter. Spodumene production rose by 11% on the year to 13,454t, recovering after ore grade and equipment issues affected output last year.

The mine is back operating in line with AMG’s 2026 target guidance of 130,000 t/yr. Current capacity is around 100,000-110,000 t/yr, according to the company.

Spodumene pricing also strengthened. AMG’s average realised cif China spodumene sales price rose to $916/t in the first quarter, up 43% from $640/t a year earlier.

Higher lithium prices supported the lithium segment’s profitability. AMG Lithium swung to a $15.4mn profit from a $13.9mn loss a year earlier, helped partly by the upward valuation of existing inventory.

But the group’s overall profit still fell by 25% because AMG excludes inventory mark-ups from its final figures. This shows that headline lithium segment improvement partly reflects accounting treatment rather than only operating cash generation.

Shipping delays also capped first-quarter performance. More than 12,000t of spodumene shipments were delayed into April-June, pushing related revenue into the second quarter.

For AMG, the strategic direction is clear. The company is combining Brazilian spodumene production with European lithium hydroxide refining to capture more value across the lithium chain. The model will become stronger if refinery qualification progresses and delayed shipments translate into second-quarter revenue.

The Metalnomist Commentary

AMG Lithium’s first-quarter profit shows how quickly downstream refining can change the earnings profile of a lithium producer. The real test is not the first $21mn of hydroxide sales, but whether AMG can qualify the product, scale output and turn European refining into a durable margin advantage.

Mt Marion Lithium Expansion Advances as MinRes and Ganfeng Lift Spodumene Supply

Mineral Resources

Mt Marion lithium expansion is moving ahead after Mineral Resources and Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium reached a final investment decision on a A$490mn upgrade at the Western Australian mine. The project will raise 6% spodumene concentrate output from 500,000 t/yr to 600,000 t/yr.

Mt Marion lithium expansion reflects renewed confidence in spodumene markets after a period of stronger pricing, Chinese demand and supply disruption from Zimbabwean export controls. The decision also reinforces Australia’s role as a core lithium feedstock supplier to global battery material chains.

Mt Marion lithium expansion includes A$220mn for underground mine development, A$240mn for a flotation plant and A$30mn for non-processing infrastructure. Construction is scheduled to begin in July-September.

The partners expect to commission the mine within 12 months of construction starting, with production ramp-up over the following six months. That timeline makes Mt Marion an important near-term growth project in the Australian hard-rock lithium sector.

Underground Mining Extends Mine Life and Feed Flexibility

The underground mine will supplement ore from the existing open pit and contribute up to 40% of processing feed. This will extend Mt Marion’s remaining mine life by six years beyond the previous estimate of 10 years.

That is strategically important because mine life extension improves supply visibility for customers and investors. Battery chemical producers need stable spodumene feedstock to support long-term lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate production.

The underground development also gives MinRes and Ganfeng more operational flexibility. Combining open-pit and underground ore can support feed blending, grade control and continuity as the mine matures.

The project will cause minimal disruption to existing operations, according to the company. That matters because the mine is already a major producing asset and any downtime could affect near-term shipments.

Mt Marion is also backed by a strong downstream partner. Ganfeng is one of China’s leading lithium companies, giving the project a direct link to one of the world’s largest battery materials markets.

Flotation Plant Targets Higher-Grade Product Mix

The new flotation plant will remove SC3.5 product from MinRes’ mix and deliver a minimum SC5 grade product. This is a key upgrade because higher-grade concentrate can improve processing efficiency for downstream converters.

SC6 remains the benchmark product for hard-rock lithium supply. Increasing SC6 output to 600,000 t/yr gives Mt Marion stronger exposure to higher-value concentrate markets.

The investment economics are highly sensitive to price. At an assumed SC6 price of $2,700/t, MinRes expects the expansion payback period to be less than one year.

Spodumene prices have risen in recent months, supported by Zimbabwe’s lithium concentrate export controls and strong Chinese demand. The latest Australian SC6 assessment was $2,661/t on 19 May, down from $2,811/t a week earlier but still elevated enough to support renewed investment.

MinRes also cited higher lithium prices as a reason for restarting operations at its Bald Hill mine in Western Australia. Together, these moves suggest producers are again positioning for stronger lithium feedstock demand.

The broader lithium market remains volatile, but the Mt Marion decision shows that high-quality Australian assets can still attract capital when pricing, partners and mine-life extension align.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Mt Marion’s expansion shows that lithium investment is returning first to established, scalable assets with strong downstream links. The key lesson is that the next lithium cycle will reward producers that can improve grade, extend mine life and secure reliable routes into China’s battery supply chain.

Chile’s Value-Added Lithium Strategy Faces Setbacks Despite New Tender

Albemarle

Preferential pricing fails to attract long-term downstream lithium investments

Chile's value-added lithium strategy continues to struggle, as the country launches a new tender targeting downstream lithium manufacturing. Despite offering preferential prices through U.S.-based Albemarle’s supply, past efforts to anchor lithium battery production in Chile have faltered due to investor withdrawal and bureaucratic hurdles.

Chinese companies exit amid weak market and contract uncertainty

On 30 April, Chile’s economic development agency Corfo issued a call for proposals to manufacture lithium-based products locally. The offer involves 9,599 tonnes/year of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) from Albemarle’s operations in the Atacama region, with volumes set to rise annually until the lease ends in 2043. However, Chinese firms BYD and Yongqing Technology—winners of a 2022 tender—recently exited the program, citing weak global lithium prices and the short remaining duration of SQM’s contract, which ends in 2030.

Bureaucracy and pricing formula disputes hinder industrialization

Government delays in allocating fiscal land for facilities and unresolved pricing methodology disputes have consistently derailed investment plans. Chile also failed to advance a 2018 initiative when three selected companies abandoned their projects due to disagreements over the preferential pricing mechanism. These repeated breakdowns raise concerns about the long-term viability of Chile's value-added lithium strategy.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Chile’s ambitions to move up the lithium value chain face structural and market barriers. Without streamlining regulatory procedures and securing long-term offtake confidence, the strategy risks remaining stuck at the raw material stage—even as global EV demand grows.

Lithium Market Growth Could Reach 25pc in 2026 as Battery Storage Demand Surges

SQM BESS

Lithium market growth could reach 25pc in 2026 as stronger battery energy storage demand combines with steady electric vehicle consumption, according to Chilean producer SQM. The outlook suggests that the lithium market is entering a new demand phase led not only by EVs, but also by large-scale stationary storage.

SQM raised its 2026 production guidance to 260,000t of lithium carbonate equivalent, up from 230,000t in 2025. The company also expects sales to rise by 10pc this year, supported by strong Asia-Pacific demand and full-capacity operations at its Atacama assets.

Lithium market growth is also improving short-term pricing expectations. SQM expects first-quarter sales to rise by more than 15pc from the same period in 2025, which would set a record for January-March sales. The company also expects prices to be substantially higher than the $10/kg level recorded in the fourth quarter.

Battery Storage Demand Changes the Lithium Growth Model

Battery energy storage is becoming a stronger driver of lithium demand. This matters because Bess demand can grow independently of passenger EV cycles, especially as grids add more renewable power and require storage for stability.

SQM’s outlook shows that lithium producers are increasingly watching storage demand alongside EV sales. EV consumption remains steady, but storage growth can absorb additional lithium carbonate equivalent volumes and tighten the market faster than expected.

The company has already secured contracts covering 80pc of its 2026 LCE volumes. That leaves 20pc, or around 52,000t, available for spot market sales. This structure gives SQM exposure to higher prices if demand remains strong, while also protecting much of its volume through contract coverage.

SQM Output Expansion Strengthens Chile’s Lithium Position

SQM produced 233,000t of lithium carbonate equivalent in 2025, up 14pc from the previous year. A record fourth quarter drove the result, with NovaAndino Litio producing 66,000t LCE, up 52pc from the same period in 2024.

NovaAndino Litio is the new name of SQM’s Chilean lithium subsidiary following its merger with Codelco. The rebrand signals the growing importance of Chile’s state-linked lithium strategy and the central role of the Atacama operations in global supply.

SQM’s Australian operations also continued to progress. Its attributable production from the Mt. Holland extraction site reached 156,400t of lithium concentrate in 2025, while the Kwinana hydroxide refinery produced 1,600t LCE during its ramp-up phase. These assets give SQM a broader lithium platform across both brine and hard-rock supply chains.

The Metalnomist Commentary

SQM’s forecast shows that lithium demand is becoming more diversified and less dependent on EVs alone. If battery storage continues to outperform expectations, producers with flexible sales exposure and reliable capacity could regain pricing power faster than the market expected.

Zabuye lithium project marks major step in China’s brine supply expansion

Zabuye lithium Salt lake

The Zabuye lithium project in Tibet has entered its second phase, expanding China’s brine-based lithium capacity. The Zabuye lithium project now adds sizeable battery-grade output at a time when the global lithium market is tipping into surplus. As a result, the Zabuye lithium project strengthens China’s ability to influence pricing and security of supply across the EV battery chain.

Phase-two expansion lifts Tibet’s brine lithium capacity

China’s Tibet-based producer has started up phase two at Zabuye with 9,600 t/yr of battery-grade lithium carbonate. The new phase also includes 2,400 t/yr of industrial-grade lithium carbonate, adding flexibility across downstream chemical and industrial customers. Commissioning of the second-phase lines began in late 2023, but full launch slipped from a planned June start into late September. However, the first phase, focused on 7,000 t/yr of lithium concentrate, has remained operational and continues to support the overall project. Zabuye draws on one of the world’s largest salt-lake resources, with proven reserves of around 1.84mn t of lithium in brine. This makes it Asia’s largest lithium brine lake and the third-largest globally, underlining its strategic relevance for long-term supply.

Zabuye lithium project scales into a looser global market

The timing of the Zabuye lithium project expansion coincides with strong growth in global brine output. Market forecasts indicate that global lithium brine production will rise by about 24pc in 2025 to above 370,000t LCE. At the same time, total lithium feedstock supply is projected to reach about 1.6mn t LCE in 2025. Meanwhile, demand is expected to come in near 1.5mn t LCE, implying a surplus of roughly 100,000t. Therefore, new brine tonnes from Zabuye will feed into an already better-supplied market, potentially reinforcing price pressure if demand underperforms. Yet high-quality, low-cost brine projects retain strategic importance, especially for integrated Chinese players.

Strategic shareholders reinforce China’s battery value chain

Zabuye’s ownership underscores its role in China’s EV and battery strategy. Major Chinese battery and lithium companies hold significant stakes in the project, tightening the link between upstream brine resources and downstream cathode and cell manufacturing. This integrated structure allows key players to secure battery-grade lithium carbonate volumes under long-term arrangements. In addition, the project’s location in Tibet diversifies China’s domestic resource base beyond traditional hard-rock and other brine hubs. However, higher-altitude operations and logistics can still pose cost and reliability challenges compared with coastal or overseas assets. Even so, the project is positioned as a core pillar in China’s wider lithium industrial ecosystem.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Zabuye’s phase-two launch shows how Chinese brine projects are still scaling even as the market moves into surplus. For global buyers, the combination of growing Chinese brine capacity and integrated ownership by major EV and lithium players suggests continued competitive pressure on higher-cost producers. The medium-term question is how long marginal assets outside China can remain viable if brine-led oversupply persists.

Elevra Mangrove Lithium Offtake Could Strengthen Eastern Canada’s Battery Supply Chain

Elevra Lithium

Elevra Mangrove lithium offtake could become an important building block in Canada’s battery materials chain. Elevra has agreed to supply Mangrove Lithium with up to 144,000 t/yr of spodumene concentrate. The material would come from Elevra’s North American Lithium operation in Quebec. As a result, Elevra Mangrove lithium offtake points to a more integrated regional lithium model.

This deal matters because it links upstream mining with planned downstream conversion in eastern Canada. Mangrove intends to process the concentrate into battery-grade lithium hydroxide or carbonate. That would keep more value inside North America instead of exporting raw material only. Therefore, Elevra Mangrove lithium offtake supports the broader push for localized battery supply chains.

The commercial structure also deserves attention. Pricing will follow a market marker with both a floor and a ceiling. That approach can reduce downside risk while also limiting extreme upside exposure. Consequently, the deal structure appears designed for stability rather than pure spot-market volatility.

Quebec Spodumene Supply Gains a New Domestic Processing Route

Quebec spodumene supply is becoming more strategically important as downstream conversion capacity develops nearby. Elevra plans to begin supplying Mangrove in 2028 and ramp up deliveries to 144,000 t/yr by 2030. That timeline gives both companies room to align mine output with conversion buildout. As a result, Quebec spodumene supply could gain a stronger domestic destination.

The agreement is still conditional, which is important. The parties may sign a binding deal later, but only if Mangrove commits before June 2027 to build its conversion facility. That means project execution remains the real next test. Meanwhile, the announcement still signals serious intent from both sides.

Eastern Canada Lithium Conversion Could Broaden Elevra’s Offtake Portfolio

Eastern Canada lithium conversion could give Elevra a more diversified commercial base. The company already has offtake agreements with LG Chem and Tesla. Those contracts use different pricing formulas linked to spodumene and lithium hydroxide. Therefore, Elevra Mangrove lithium offtake would add another channel with a more regional conversion focus.

For Mangrove, the agreement is equally strategic. Securing future spodumene supply is essential if the company wants to build a viable conversion business. Without feedstock certainty, downstream lithium projects often struggle to gain credibility. Consequently, this proposed deal helps strengthen the case for an eastern Canada lithium conversion platform.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This agreement matters because it connects mine output with regional chemical conversion, which is where North America still needs more depth. The bigger issue now is not whether the idea makes sense. It is whether Mangrove can commit to the plant and turn this framework into a binding supply chain.

Hancock Lithium Mine Plan Advances as Spodumene Prices Recover

Hancock Lithium Mine

Hancock lithium mine plans in Western Australia are moving forward as stronger lithium concentrate prices revive confidence in large-scale spodumene development. Hancock Prospecting plans to build the A$1bn Andover mine, targeting production of up to 1.1mn t/yr of lithium concentrate.

Hancock lithium mine construction is scheduled to start in November 2028, with a two-year construction period. The project is planned for a 30-year operating life and would process 6mn t/yr of ore.

Hancock lithium mine development reflects a shift in lithium sentiment after the deep price collapse that forced project delays and suspensions across the sector. Spodumene prices have rebounded as Chinese battery demand improves and supply expectations tighten.

The Andover project is strategically important because Australia remains one of the world’s key hard-rock lithium supply bases. New capacity from Western Australia could support converters, battery producers and electric vehicle supply chains seeking long-term spodumene feedstock.

Andover Adds Scale to Western Australia’s Spodumene Pipeline

The Andover mine would become a major new lithium concentrate source if developed as planned. Annual output of up to 1.1mn t would give the project meaningful weight in the seaborne spodumene market.

The project sits within a broader ownership structure shaped by recent consolidation. Hancock Prospecting and Chilean lithium producer SQM partnered to acquire Azure Minerals in a A$1.7bn deal completed in May 2024 through their jointly owned company, SH Mining.

Andover is 60% owned by Azure, while Croydon Gold, a subsidiary of the Creasy Group, holds the remaining 40%. The involvement of Hancock and SQM gives the project both Australian mining strength and global lithium-market experience.

SQM’s role is especially relevant. The Chilean producer brings downstream lithium market knowledge, while Hancock adds financial capacity and Australian project execution capability.

The planned 30-year mine life also matters. Battery supply chains need long-duration feedstock sources, not only short-cycle spot supply. A project of this scale could support long-term offtake and conversion strategies.

Price Recovery Revives Lithium Project Economics

The Andover plan comes after a sharp recovery in spodumene concentrate prices. Prices rose in April as tighter supply expectations followed Zimbabwe’s introduction of export quotas for lithium concentrate.

Spodumene prices had previously collapsed to $900-1,100/t cif China in January 2024, down 83% after supply growth outpaced demand. That downturn forced many lithium developers to slow, delay or reassess projects.

Prices later began recovering in late 2025 as demand from China’s lithium-ion battery sector improved market sentiment. Stronger pricing has now made large hard-rock projects more attractive again.

However, lithium remains a volatile market. New supply from Australia, Africa, South America and China can quickly change balances if demand growth slows or inventories rebuild.

For Hancock, timing will be critical. Construction is not expected to start until late 2028, meaning the project will enter the market after the current price recovery has already been tested by several more years of battery demand and supply growth.

The strategic value remains clear. If lithium demand continues to rise from electric vehicles and energy storage, Andover could become an important feedstock source for global converters. If supply again expands too quickly, project economics may face renewed pressure.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Hancock’s Andover plan shows that lithium investment confidence is returning, but only for projects with scale, strong sponsors and long-term strategic value. The market has recovered from its deepest downturn, but future winners will still need cost discipline and secure downstream demand.

Smackover Lithium Arkansas Royalty Proposal Targets 2.5% on Technical-Grade Production

Smackover Lithium

New royalty framework aims to compensate brine owners as lithium extraction scales in Southwest Arkansas

Reynolds Unit Phase 1 application outlines total 3% equivalent compensation package under SWA project

Smackover Lithium Arkansas royalty terms have been formally proposed as the company seeks to establish a standardized payout structure for its South West Arkansas (SWA) lithium project. The U.S.-based lithium developer submitted an application to the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission, requesting approval for a 2.5% gross royalty on lithium production, calculated quarterly.

Royalty terms include fixed brine lease fee alongside lithium pricing-based compensation

In addition to the gross royalty tied to technical-grade lithium carbonate prices and output volumes, the proposal includes a flat annual “in lieu bromine royalty” of $65.05 per acre. Combined, the package is expected to deliver around 3% total compensation to brine owners at current lithium market levels. The new royalty structure is seen as a potential benchmark for future brine-based lithium developments in Arkansas and the broader Smackover Formation.

Hearings for Reynolds Unit Phase 1 scheduled for late May 2025

The royalty application specifically pertains to the Reynolds Unit, part of Phase 1 of the SWA Project, located in Lafayette and Columbia counties. Regulatory hearings are scheduled for 28 May 2025. This move signals a critical step in aligning mineral rights, community engagement, and scalable extraction operations in a region expected to play a key role in U.S. lithium supply security.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Smackover Lithium Arkansas royalty proposal reflects a maturing phase in domestic lithium resource development. As U.S. lithium demand intensifies, clear royalty frameworks like this help derisk investment, clarify stakeholder value, and strengthen the social license to operate in emerging lithium basins.

Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project reshaped by US equity move

Lithium Americas

The Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project has entered a new phase as the US government links financing to direct equity. The Department of Energy (DOE) will take a 5pc stake in Lithium Americas and another 5pc in its joint venture with General Motors. This move reshapes risk sharing on the Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project and signals stronger US commitment to domestic lithium supply. As a result, the Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project now sits at the intersection of industrial policy, EV demand and capital markets.

US equity stake deepens support for Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project

The DOE has restructured its $2.26bn loan by adding equity warrants in Lithium Americas and its GM joint venture. This makes the US government not only a lender but also a partial owner of the Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project. LAC will draw an initial $435mn before the end of 2025, which will fund early construction and infrastructure. The joint venture structure remains intact, with Lithium Americas holding 62pc and operatorship and GM holding 38pc. This equity-linked design aligns incentives across government, miner and automaker, while anchoring long-term US battery material security.

The Thacker Pass development targets 160,000 t/yr of lithium carbonate across five phases. Each phase is planned at 40,000 t/yr, providing staged capacity that can track market demand. This phased approach reduces execution risk and gives lenders more confidence in the project ramp-up. It also lets the partners adjust capex timing if pricing or EV demand changes. For the DOE, the structure supports a scalable North American supply chain that can feed US gigafactories and reduce reliance on foreign lithium.

GM will also amend its offtake agreement to allow additional buyers into the portfolio. Under the existing terms, GM can take up to 100pc of Phase 1 and 38pc of total production for 20 years. The updated agreement will free some Phase 1 volumes for third-party offtake contracts. That shift reflects slower US EV adoption than previously expected and uncertainty after the expiry of key tax credits at the end of September. It also allows Lithium Americas to diversify its customer base and reduce single-buyer exposure.

Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project balances market risk and supply security

The Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project is now a test case for how policy-backed critical mineral projects manage demand cycles. On one hand, government equity and cheap debt lower financing costs and signal strong policy support. On the other, the partners must adapt to a softer EV sales trajectory and evolving battery chemistries. Allowing third-party offtake from early phases helps ensure plant utilisation and broader market participation. It also widens the strategic impact of Thacker Pass beyond a single OEM.

At the same time, the project remains central to US ambitions for a resilient battery supply chain. Domestic lithium carbonate output can reduce exposure to price spikes, export controls and shipping disruptions. The phased build-out allows careful monitoring of market conditions while keeping long-term capacity targets intact. If EV adoption reaccelerates later in the decade, Thacker Pass will already have a built foundation for further expansion.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The DOE’s equity stake turns Thacker Pass into a flagship example of industrial policy meeting market reality. The Lithium Americas Thacker Pass project gains financial strength and strategic backing, but must now prove it can thrive in a slower, more competitive EV landscape. For battery and automaker supply chains, the real story is optionality: diversified offtake and phased growth give this project room to adjust without losing strategic relevance.

Albemarle Announces Cost Cuts Amid Low Lithium Prices

US-based lithium producer Albemarle Corporation has announced the launch of cost-saving measures as well as halting some operations at one of its processing sites in Australia, as low prices for lithium persist. The company has decided to take action to preserve Albemarle's resources as well as to try to optimize its global network of mines and processing facilities, improve competitiveness, and reduce capital intensity, it said in its second-quarter results today.

It will initially adjust operations at its Kemerton lithium hydroxide processing plant in Australia, stopping activities at train 3 while idling production at train 2 but continuing production at train 1. The company expects to give more details on this operational review in its results for the third quarter.

"These actions showcase our deeper focus on cost and operating discipline," said Albemarle chief executive Kent Masters. "There is no question the global energy transition is underway. However, the pace of industry changes is dynamic."

The company said it expects lithium prices to average around $15/kg LCE for the whole of 2024, despite prices being much lower at present.

The company said EV demand growth in the US and Europe had moderated "substantially," and changes to the product mix of its downstream customers also weighed on demand for lithium. Masters said larger-than-consumer uptake of plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) over pure battery EVs (BEVs) had a negative impact on lithium demand, due to the smaller batteries. Oversupply in China also contributed to falling prices.

"At current Chinese spot pricing, we believe and are hearing from the market that many non-integrated producers are unprofitable," said Kent. "Current pricing is well below the incentive pricing required for Western greenfield lithium projects."

He added geopolitical developments and the decision by the US Department of Energy to consider mines owned in part by China as foreign entities of concern will impact its Australian business. Albemarle co-owns the world's largest lithium mine, Greenbushes, with Tianqi lithium, a Chinese producer.

"We continue to anticipate 2.5 times lithium demand growth from 2024 to 2030. Additionally, we see battery size growing over time, driven by technology developments and EV adoption," said Kent.

Posco Argentinian Lithium Projects Delayed Amid Prolonged Price Slump

Argentinian Lithium Projects

South Korea’s Posco has delayed completion of its Argentinian lithium projects by six months, citing sluggish lithium price recovery. The Posco Argentinian lithium projects were originally set to complete Phase 2 by Q3 2025 but are now rescheduled for Q1 2026.

Phase 2 Pushed Back as Market Conditions Weaken

Posco began operating its 25,000 t/yr lithium hydroxide plant in Argentina last year. The planned Phase 2 would have doubled capacity to 50,000 t/yr through a connected upstream brine project. However, weak lithium prices and soft global demand forced a schedule revision. The company now aims to optimize production systems and ramp up Phase 1 by late 2025.

This move reflects Posco’s strategic adjustment amid a volatile market. In its April 24 report, Posco highlighted the need for operational flexibility in response to sustained pricing pressures.

Lithium Price Pressure Forces Broader Strategic Realignment

The lithium downturn also contributed to Posco ending its nickel refinery joint venture with China’s CNGR. The JV’s liquidation will complete by June, marking a retreat from previously planned upstream battery material partnerships.

Meanwhile, Posco Future M—Posco's battery materials subsidiary—posted quarterly revenue growth of 17% but a 26% decline year-on-year. Profitability rebounded modestly, helped by rising sales of high-nickel cathode active material (CAM) and growing demand for non-Chinese anode active material (AAM).

China Price Slide Highlights Global Supply Chain Fragility

Chinese lithium carbonate prices remain under pressure due to weakened demand and US-China trade tensions. As of 22 April, lithium carbonate prices dropped to ¥69,000–72,000/t ($9,463–9,874/t), extending a multi-week decline. This pricing environment complicates investment timelines and return expectations for global lithium projects.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Posco’s delay reflects broader capital discipline across the lithium sector amid persistent price volatility. With Phase 2 postponed, the company is signaling caution, while still committing to its long-term battery supply chain strategy in South America.

SQM Forecasts 15% Lithium Sales Growth in 2025 Despite Price Pressures

SQM

Chilean producer eyes stable pricing and rising demand, targeting 238,000 tonnes in lithium carbonate equivalent sales.

SQM, one of the world’s leading lithium producers, expects a 15% increase in lithium sales volumes in 2025, reaching 238,000 metric tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE). The company projects global lithium demand will grow by 17%, slightly lower than in 2024 but still driven by the electric vehicle (EV) and energy storage sectors.

In its Q4 2024 earnings call, Gerardo Illanes, SQM’s vice president of services and finance, highlighted continued demand strength. “We estimate the lithium market grew by 25% in 2024, led by EV adoption in China and growing global energy storage system (ESS) needs,” he said.

SQM Expands Spodumene Sales as Prices Stabilize

SQM also initiated its first spodumene concentrate sales through its International Lithium Division in 2024. However, global oversupply—particularly from Australia, Africa, and Argentina—led to a 41% year-over-year decline in lithium salt prices, reaching $9.20/kg LCE in Q4.

“Prices fell steadily throughout 2024,” Illanes noted, “but that trend softened in Q4, and we now expect prices to remain relatively stable in 2025.” He added that prices may increase in 2026, depending on the demand-supply balance.

Net Loss Reflects Market Correction, Long-Term Outlook Positive

Despite strong sales volume growth, SQM reported a net loss of $404 million for 2024, a sharp reversal from its $2.01 billion profit in 2023. The drop reflects weakened pricing, although SQM maintains an optimistic outlook amid robust global demand forecasts.

With lithium markets stabilizing and demand from EV and ESS segments remaining strong, SQM’s expansion and pricing strategy aim to position the company for a long-term rebound in profitability.

E3 Lithium battery grade lithium carbonate milestone in Alberta brines

E3 Lithium

E3 Lithium battery grade lithium carbonate production marks a key milestone for Alberta’s emerging lithium industry. The company has produced 99.7pc purity carbonate at its Clearwater Project demonstration facility near Bashaw, confirming its direct lithium extraction (DLE) flowsheet. This first output signals that E3 can convert lithium chloride from the Leduc Reservoir into commercial-grade battery chemicals.

E3’s Phase 1 design targets 12,000 t/yr of lithium carbonate equivalent, with phased expansion to 36,000 t/yr. Meanwhile, measured and indicated LCE resources at Bashaw total 16.2mn t, giving the project multi-decade scale. The early demonstration work therefore de-risks both chemistry and process integration ahead of full financing.

Cost structure positions E3 in the mid-cost global curve

The Clearwater Project carries an initial operating cost estimate of $6,200/t LCE, with capex of $2.5bn. That places E3 Lithium battery grade lithium carbonate in the mid-range of the global cost curve, but with meaningful upside if technology and power costs improve. As a result, investors will focus on power pricing, brine chemistry stability and long-term offtake terms.

Production is scheduled to begin in 2028 or 2029, aligning with the next wave of North American cathode and cell capacity. Therefore the timing could help secure premium contracts from OEMs seeking non-brine imports. The project’s large resource base also supports future debottlenecking beyond the initial 36,000 t/yr.

From brine to battery with strategic partnerships

E3 has already secured $41.9mn in government grants, leaving $25.4mn available, which signals strong policy backing. At the same time, its joint development agreement with Pure Lithium aims to link extraction directly with anode production. That “Brine to Battery” approach could shorten supply chains and reduce conversion losses.

For automakers and cathode producers, E3 Lithium battery grade lithium carbonate offers a new North American brine source. However, commercial success will depend on scale-up risk, impurity control and DLE reliability over years, not months. If E3 executes, Clearwater could become a template for other Western brine projects.

The Metalnomist Commentary

E3 Lithium’s progress moves Canadian brine projects from slides to steel, at a time when IRA-driven demand is still ramping. The combination of DLE, large resources and integrated anode concepts is strategically significant, even if costs remain mid-tier. For supply-chain planners, Clearwater now belongs on the serious watch list for late-decade battery-grade supply.

Stardust Power Secures 10-Year Lithium Supply Deal with Sumitomo

Stardust Power

Sumitomo's US Subsidiary Signs Agreement for Up to 25,000 Metric Tonnes of Lithium Carbonate Annually

In a significant move for the lithium supply chain, Sumitomo's US subsidiary has entered a 10-year nonbinding agreement with Stardust Power, a prominent lithium producer. The deal will see Sumitomo secure up to 25,000 metric tonnes per year (mt/yr) of lithium carbonate, a vital component for battery production, with an initial volume of 20,000 mt/yr.

Details of the Agreement and Supply Terms

Under the terms of the agreement, Sumitomo will initially receive 20,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate annually from Stardust's first production line. The volume could rise to 25,000 tonnes per year, depending on production capacity. Stardust began construction of its refinery in Muskogee, Oklahoma, in January, signaling that the first phase of production is underway.

The contract will come into effect once Stardust’s production meets the necessary qualifications for sale to Sumitomo's customers. Sumitomo also holds the option to extend the agreement for an additional five years, contingent on mutual agreement between the two companies.

Pricing and Future Prospects for Lithium Supply

The pricing for the lithium carbonate will be based on spot market rates, as reported by price agencies, with potential adjustments to meet specific customer requirements. Additionally, before producing battery-grade lithium, Stardust will supply technical-grade lithium in annual volumes or up to Stardust's production capabilities, ensuring a steady flow of material during the transition period.

This deal not only strengthens the supply chain for lithium, crucial in electric vehicle and energy storage applications, but also positions both companies for future success in the growing global market for lithium-based products.