Pilbara Minerals and Calix Restart WA Lithium Phosphate Project with Government Backing

Pilbara Minerals

Mid-Stream Plant to Strengthen Australia’s Downstream Lithium Supply Chain by Late 2025

Pilbara Minerals and Calix have resumed development of their mid-stream renewable lithium phosphate demonstration plant in Western Australia, following a major funding boost from the state government. The project, paused in October 2024 due to funding constraints, restarted after a A$15 million (US$9.4 million) grant was awarded in December.

Now 75% complete, the facility will produce 3,000 tonnes per year (t/yr) of lithium phosphate, using spodumene feedstock from Pilbara’s Pilgangoora lithium mine. Commissioning is targeted between October and December 2025, with the project serving as a key step in advancing Australia’s mid-stream lithium processing capabilities.

Strategic Incentives Set Stage for Long-Term Lithium Refining Growth

This mid-stream facility will qualify for new tax incentives, offering 10% rebates on processing and refining costs for a ten-year period starting in 2027. These incentives, legislated by Australia’s federal government, aim to increase domestic value-added production in critical minerals.

Additionally, the Western Australian government has granted two-year waivers on administrative and port fees, further lowering the project's financial barriers. These measures reflect coordinated efforts by state and federal authorities to stimulate downstream investment amid fluctuating global lithium prices.

Pilbara Expands Global Processing Footprint Amid Market Volatility

The joint venture aligns with Pilbara Minerals broader strategy to expand its downstream presence. The company already operates a lithium hydroxide plant in Gwangyang, South Korea, in partnership with POSCO, one of the world's largest steel producers.

By partnering with Calix, a leader in low-emission calcination technology, Pilbara aims to produce battery-grade lithium chemicals with lower carbon intensity. The demonstration project will not only support Australia's domestic battery supply chain but could serve as a template for future commercial-scale operations.

Pilbara Lithium Sales Prices Plummet by 74% in FY24

Australian miner Pilbara Minerals saw a significant 74% drop in lithium sales prices during the 2024 financial year, as the company continued to expand production and sales from its spodumene mines in Australia and South America.

The average realized sales price fell to $1,176 per ton, a steep decline from the previous year's $4,447 per ton. Lithium prices have experienced a sharp downturn over the past year, with Metalnomist-assessed spodumene prices at $1,020-$1,120 per ton CIF China on June 25, marking a 71% drop from $3,600-$3,850 per ton on July 4, 2023. Prices have continued to decline, reaching $770-$840 per ton by August 20.

"FY24 saw a softening in lithium prices that impacted financial performance, but as a nascent industry, pricing volatility is to be expected," said Pilbara Minerals chairperson Kathleen Conlon. "While the long-term outlook appears strong, it is expected that there will be price and demand variability from time to time."

Increased Production Amid Falling Revenues

Despite the challenging market conditions, Pilbara's production and sales increased year-over-year. Lithium production rose by 17% to 725,300 tons, while sales increased by 16% to 707,100 tons. However, the company’s revenue plummeted by 69% to $1.25 billion. Pilbara Minerals also announced the approval of a new A$1 billion credit facility to support further investments in expansion projects across Australia and South America.

"Seeing the progress of our two expansion projects, P680 and P1000, during FY24 was remarkable. Despite challenging market conditions, these projects remained on schedule and on budget," said Pilbara Minerals chief executive Dale Henderson.

Pilbara Minerals Reports Record Lithium Production Despite Market Volatility

Australian mining company Pilbara Minerals announced a significant increase in spodumene production and sales for the 2023-24 fiscal year, defying negative market predictions about the electric vehicle (EV) sector. The company produced 725,300 tons of spodumene, a 17% increase from the previous year, surpassing its production guidance of 660,000-690,000 tons. Sales rose by 16% to 707,100 tons, with record production and sales in the April-June quarter.

Despite these gains, Pilbara Minerals' revenues fell by 69% to A$1.25 billion ($825 million) due to a sharp correction in the lithium market over the past year. Managing Director and CEO Dale Henderson emphasized the continued strength of the EV market, noting a 20% increase in global EV sales to 7 million units by June, driven primarily by Chinese demand.

Henderson highlighted that the US market, despite its prominent headlines, represents a smaller portion of total demand. He assured that customer demand remains strong, and the company is optimistic about future market conditions as higher-cost lithium suppliers exit the market.

Pilbara Minerals plans to integrate and ramp up its P680 and P1000 projects over the coming quarters, which may temporarily affect production and costs. The company has issued a production guidance of 800,000-840,000 tons of spodumene for the 2024-25 fiscal year, with unit operating costs expected to be A$650-700 per ton.

Pilbara’s Spodumene Output Falls to Three-Year Low Amid Cyclone and Maintenance

Pilbara Minerals

Cyclone Zelia and Upgrades Slash Lithium Output

Pilbara’s spodumene production dropped 34pc in Q1, hitting a three-year low of 125,000 dry metric tonnes (dmt). The decline stemmed from Cyclone Zelia disruptions and planned maintenance at the 680,000 t/yr Pilgangoora plant, which was offline for 13 days.

Compared to Q1 2024, spodumene output fell by 30pc, further impacted by the closure of the Ngungaju plant in December due to oversupply-driven price weakness. This 180,000–200,000 t/yr facility is on care and maintenance and will require four months to restart when prices recover.

Output Drops Despite Growing Lithium Hydroxide Production

Pilbara’s lithium hydroxide output rose 18pc to 3,316t in Q1, driven by its two-train facility in South Korea. Train 1 alone produced 2,546t, roughly half of its 21,500 t/yr capacity, as it continues to ramp up.

Meanwhile, sales volumes plunged by 39pc to 125,500t due to limited spodumene availability. However, the firm realized a 7pc price increase, averaging $747/t (CIF China) for 5.3pc spodumene concentrate.

Long-Term Outlook: Capacity Upgrades Ahead

Pilbara continues expansion efforts, aiming to increase spodumene output to 1.2mn dmt/yr by 2027, up from 725,300 dmt in FY2024. Upgrades could buffer future volatility and position the company for demand growth from the battery sector.

The company remains focused on balancing short-term output disruptions with long-term capacity investments in both spodumene and lithium hydroxide segments.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Pilbara’s Q1 performance reflects the fragility of lithium supply chains amid weather events and market cycles. As spodumene output falls, the firm’s pivot to lithium hydroxide and long-term capacity plans show strategic adaptation.

Australia's Lithium Concentrate Exports Surge in First Half of 2024

Australia's lithium concentrate (spodumene) exports saw a significant increase in the first half of 2024, reaching approximately 1.94 million metric tons. This growth was largely driven by robust demand in the second quarter, particularly from South Korea and Indonesia, as they began to ramp up their imports of Australian lithium supplies.

From April to June, exports surged by 49% year-over-year to 1.26 million tons, contributing to a 9.9% rise in total first-half shipments, according to data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. China remained the dominant importer, accounting for nearly 95% of Australia's lithium concentrate exports, with volumes rising by 4.6% to 1.84 million tons. This surge is closely tied to China's continued growth in new energy vehicle (NEV) sales and production, which remains strong despite global concerns about slowing electric vehicle (EV) growth in other regions such as Europe and the United States.

South Korea's imports of spodumene experienced a dramatic increase, rising to 71,441 tons in the first half of the year from just 1,240 tons a year earlier. This spike follows the completion of the country's first lithium hydroxide plant late last year, which has since started production. The plant, a joint venture between Australian lithium producer Pilbara Minerals and South Korean conglomerate Posco, delivered its first lithium hydroxide order in April.

Indonesia also saw a sharp increase in spodumene imports, reaching 25,098 tons from a mere 60 tons the previous year. This growth coincides with the launch of pilot production at a lithium plant in Indonesia by Chinese lithium salts producer Chengxin Lithium, which extracts lithium from hard rock ores.

Despite these gains, the lithium market faces challenges. While most Australian lithium producers reported higher spodumene output in the second quarter—including companies like Pilbara Minerals, Mineral Resources, and Core Lithium—Core Lithium has paused its processing operations since June due to the weak lithium market conditions.

Australia's lithium concentrate exports (t)

* Source : Australian Bureau of Statistics

Liontown Resources Scales Back Lithium Expansion Amid Market Downturn

Liontown Resources

Australian lithium producer Liontown Resources has revised its production targets for the Kathleen Valley project, a move aimed at reducing costs amid a challenging lithium market downturn. The project, initially set to reach a processing capacity of 3 million tonnes per year (t/yr) by Q1 2025, is now expected to hit a reduced capacity of 2.8 million t/yr by the end of the company's fiscal year 2027.

Strategic Shift in Expansion Plans

Liontown’s decision to scale back expansion focuses on targeting higher-margin ore to optimize profitability. The company anticipates capital expenditure reductions of A$100 million ($64 million) through cost optimization and strategic investment cuts.

• Revised capacity: 2.8 million t/yr by 2027.
• Production forecast (2028-30): 530,000 t/yr of 6% grade spodumene concentrate.
• Capital investment (January-June 2025): Estimated at A$97 million-A$113 million.

Production Guidance and Market Context

Liontown has issued production guidance for January-June 2025, forecasting 170,000-185,000 dry metric tonnes (dmt) of spodumene at unit operating costs of A$775-855/dmt on a free-on-board (fob) basis. The company produced its first spodumene concentrate earlier this year, coinciding with a global lithium market slump driven by oversupply concerns.

Industry-Wide Belt-Tightening

Liontown is not alone in navigating the lithium market downturn. Competitors such as Pilbara Minerals and Mineral Resources have also announced spodumene output reductions in response to falling prices and an oversupplied market. Despite these challenges, Liontown’s revised strategy aims to position the Kathleen Valley project for sustainable long-term growth while managing near-term financial pressures.

Yahua Terminates Finniss Lithium Offtake Deal with Core Lithium Following Project Suspension

Yahua Lithium

Chinese lithium producer Yahua terminated its spodumene offtake agreement with Australia's Core Lithium for the suspended Finniss project operations. The Yahua Finniss lithium deal termination follows Core Lithium's decision to halt operations at the Australian project in July 2024. Core Lithium agreed to pay Yahua a $2 million settlement to resolve the contractual obligations under the original 2019 offtake agreement for the Yahua Finniss lithium supply arrangement.

Original Offtake Agreement Targeted 75,000 Tonnes Annual Spodumene Supply

The terminated offtake agreement required Yahua to purchase at least 75,000 metric tonnes per year of spodumene concentrate from Core Lithium's Finniss project. The parties signed this long-term supply contract in 2019 when lithium market fundamentals appeared more favorable for Australian project development. However, the Finniss project faced operational challenges and market headwinds that ultimately led to the suspension of mining activities.

Core Lithium's decision to halt operations reflects broader challenges facing Australian lithium projects amid volatile pricing and operational complexities. The $2 million settlement payment compensates Yahua for the terminated supply relationship while releasing both parties from future contractual obligations. Meanwhile, the Yahua Finniss lithium deal termination demonstrates the risks facing long-term offtake agreements when projects encounter operational difficulties.

Diversified Supply Strategy Shields Yahua from Feedstock Disruption

Yahua emphasized that the Finniss project termination will not affect its lithium feedstock supply security due to diversified sourcing strategies. The Chinese lithium producer owns the Kamativi lithium assets in Zimbabwe, providing direct control over spodumene production and processing operations. As a result, this backward integration strategy reduces Yahua's dependence on third-party Australian suppliers for critical lithium raw materials.

The company maintains additional supply agreements with established lithium miners including Australia's Pilbara Minerals and other global producers. These diversified supply relationships ensure consistent feedstock availability despite individual project disruptions or market volatility. Therefore, Yahua's multi-sourced approach provides operational flexibility and supply chain resilience across different geographic regions and mining operations.

Yahua's response to the Finniss project termination highlights the importance of supply diversification in the volatile lithium market. Chinese lithium processors increasingly pursue backward integration strategies and multiple supplier relationships to manage supply risks. Consequently, the Yahua Finniss lithium deal termination reinforces the strategic value of diversified sourcing approaches for lithium chemical producers.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Yahua-Core Lithium offtake termination illustrates the fragility of long-term supply agreements in volatile commodity markets, particularly for emerging lithium projects facing operational and financial pressures. Yahua's emphasis on supply diversification through asset ownership and multiple supplier relationships reflects the evolving risk management strategies of Chinese lithium processors seeking to secure feedstock supplies amid market uncertainty and project development challenges.

Australian Lithium Companies Maintain Optimism Amid Low Prices, Eye Long-Term Growth

Despite lithium prices hitting a five-year low, Australian lithium mining companies remain optimistic about the future, expecting a price recovery later in the decade that will sustain their operations. Industry leaders expressed confidence at the Diggers and Dealers mining forum in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, citing the cyclical nature of the market and the long-term demand driven by the electric vehicle (EV) industry.

Dale Henderson, CEO of Pilbara Minerals, likened the current market situation to "a bright blue sky with a bit of cloud cover," noting that price volatility is expected in rapidly growing industries like lithium. "It's no surprise really, given that lows always follow periods of highs," he said, emphasizing the industry's resilience.

The lithium market’s connection to the EV industry, which has experienced explosive growth in recent years, is a key factor in the optimism. Henderson highlighted that the combination of government stimulus, technological advancements, and varying rates of consumer adoption is driving the industry's evolution. He cautioned, however, that the road ahead would not be a "straight line" and that businesses must prepare for continued volatility.

Despite recent industry cutbacks, most Australian lithium companies are steadfast in their long-term strategies, confident that demand for lithium will continue to grow. Core Lithium, for instance, suspended operations at its Grants open pit mine in January, awaiting a market rebound. CEO Paul Brown mentioned that a price around $18/kg LCE is necessary to support the industry.

Tony Ottaviano, CEO of Liontown Resources, echoed this sentiment, stressing the importance of maintaining a long-term perspective. "When you see a 60% price reduction in six months, there is only one response a company can do and it is blunt. We need to hold our heads while others are losing theirs and push through," he said. Ottaviano pointed out that while EV adoption may be slowing in the US and Europe, it is expected to pick up as new models become competitive with internal combustion engine vehicles. In China, EV prices are already on par with traditional vehicles.

Looking forward, industry experts underscored the need for new investment in lithium to meet the anticipated surge in demand from EV manufacturing. However, current low prices are hindering the flow of necessary capital. Ivan Vella, CEO of IGO, which owns 49% of the world’s largest lithium mine, Greenbushes, highlighted the challenge of financing the development of 80 new lithium projects by 2035, each requiring substantial investment.

The optimism expressed by Australian lithium companies underscores their belief in the sector's long-term potential, despite current market challenges. As the EV market matures and demand for lithium grows, the industry is preparing to navigate through the volatility and capitalize on future opportunities.

MinRes Cuts Lithium Output as Prices Slide in FY2024-25

Mineral Resources

MinRes cuts lithium output after a tough year for spodumene prices and grades. The producer reported 571,000t of concentrate, down 9.5pc. MinRes cuts lithium output mainly because Bald Hill closed and Mount Marion prioritised higher grade. MinRes cuts lithium output even as Wodgina lifted tonnage.

Operations pivot to grade and cash flow

MinRes produced 257,000t at Mount Marion, down 22pc year on year. However, it lifted average shipped grade to 4.4pc from 4.1pc. Meanwhile, Wodgina raised output to 251,000t from 212,000t. Its shipped grade eased to 5.5pc from 5.6pc. As a result, Bald Hill moved to care and maintenance in November 2024.

Prices undercut revenue despite grade gains

Average revenue fell 36pc to $637/t from $988/t. Therefore, stronger grades could not offset weak spodumene prices. Pilbara Minerals also reported lower realised prices, down 43pc cif China. These moves mirror a broader lithium market slowdown.

MinRes produced 63,000t at Bald Hill in the first half. That was down from 91,000t a year earlier. The company cited the extended downturn as the closure driver. Western Australia remains the core hub for Mount Marion and Wodgina.

The Metalnomist Commentary

MinRes prioritised grade, flexibility and unit costs to ride out the trough. Watch recovery rates and contract mix as demand stabilises. A disciplined ramp at Wodgina could position margins for a faster rebound when prices turn.

Australia's MinRes Scales Back Lithium Production Amid Market Downturn

Company Adjusts Output Forecasts for Mount Marion and Wodgina Sites

Australian lithium and iron ore producer Mineral Resources (MinRes) has announced a reduction in lithium production at its Mount Marion and Wodgina sites due to the current downturn in the market.

On August 29, MinRes managing director Chris Ellison stated, "I'm starving the product going into the market. I don't want to oversupply the market. I don't want to waste my ore." This decision reflects a strategic move to prevent market oversaturation and manage inventory effectively.

For the fiscal year July 2024-June 2025, MinRes has revised its lithium shipment guidance. Mount Marion’s forecast is set at 150,000-170,000 dry metric tonnes (dmt), a decrease from the previous year's 190,000-220,000 dmt. Wodgina’s guidance is now 210,000-230,000 dmt, reduced from 210,000-240,000 dmt. The newer Bald Hill site aims to ship 120,000-145,000 dmt but has not yet issued formal guidance.

Ellison noted that while MinRes has adjusted its operational strategy to adapt to lower prices, it is not planning to shut down the mines. Instead, the company will minimize spending while conserving cash. MinRes' revenues for 2023-24 increased by 10% to approximately A$5.3 billion ($3.6 billion), partly due to higher iron ore revenues but offset by lower lithium prices.

Ellison expects lithium prices to remain depressed for about six months before rebounding early next year. He cautioned that if prices do not improve, many lithium operations might be forced to cease operations. MinRes will also avoid downstream processing of lithium, contrasting with competitors like Pilbara Minerals, due to perceived marginal returns. In June, MinRes ended a third-party processing agreement with US-based Albemarle for converting Wodgina spodumene into lithium hydroxide.

PLS Boosts Pilgangoora Lithium Resources by 23% Amid Expansion Plans

Australia’s PLS

Higher Grade and Tonnage Strengthen Global Position

Pilbara Minerals (PLS) has expanded the Pilgangoora lithium resources by 23%, driven by a 10% rise in tonnage and a 12% improvement in grade. This boost elevates Pilgangoora’s standing to match the resource scale of Australia’s Greenbushes, the world’s largest hard-rock lithium mine.

Exploration since September 2023 added 39mn tonnes to measured, indicated, and inferred resources at the Western Australia site. As of 2025, Pilgangoora’s total mineral resource now stands at 446mn tonnes grading 1.28% Li₂O and 122ppm Ta₂O₅. Despite pausing exploration in March 2025 due to cost-cutting, PLS has identified a target of 76–102mn tonnes, indicating further growth potential.

Expanding Spodumene Production Capacity

Pilgangoora’s current nameplate capacity is 680,000 t/yr of spodumene, with Q1 2025 production at 125,000 tonnes—down from 188,200 tonnes in Q4 2024. The P1000 project is set to lift capacity to 1mn t/yr by Q3 2025, while the proposed P2000 project could double output to over 2mn t/yr within six years.

However, weaker market conditions may pressure higher-cost Australian spodumene producers to cut output. PLS’s large-scale, higher-grade reserves could provide a competitive advantage in maintaining production and market share during challenging pricing cycles.

The Metalnomist Commentary

PLS’s expansion at Pilgangoora reinforces Australia’s role as a dominant supplier of hard-rock lithium to global EV and battery markets. With both grade and tonnage growth, PLS is positioned to weather market volatility better than many peers. Long-term, the success of the P2000 project could transform Pilgangoora into one of the largest spodumene producers worldwide.

Posco and Hancock Prospecting to Construct New Lithium Plant

Hancock Prospecting

In an ambitious move to secure a more robust lithium supply chain, South Korean steelmaker Posco, in partnership with Australia’s Hancock Prospecting, has announced plans to build a 30,000 metric tonne per year lithium processing plant. The exact location of the plant is still under deliberation, with potential sites being evaluated in various countries, including South Korea.

Strategic Expansion in Lithium Sector

The collaboration between Posco and Hancock is a strategic step to bypass US Foreign Entity of Concern (FEoC) regulations and solidify Posco's standing in the lithium value chain. Posco’s plan is to manage a full spectrum from mining and extraction from salt lakes to producing lithium hydroxide and cathode materials, and eventually recycling them. This comprehensive approach aims to fortify its supply chain amidst growing demand for lithium, primarily driven by the electric vehicle and renewable energy sectors.

Global Partnerships and Investments

Both Posco and Hancock are not new to the lithium industry. Hancock holds a 19.9% stake in Liontown Resources, an Australian lithium developer. Posco has been extending its reach in the lithium market through various international partnerships, including joint ventures with Pilbara Minerals in Australia and an investment in the Sal de Ora brine project in Argentina’s Salar del Hombre Muerto.

These ventures underline both companies' commitment to strengthening their positions within the global lithium market, which is expected to grow significantly due to the increasing emphasis on sustainable and renewable energy resources.

Lithium Ionic Expands Baixa Grande Resource Estimate by 32%

Lithium Ionic

Baixa Grande Lithium Resource Sees Significant Growth

Lithium Ionic, a Canadian mining company, has expanded the mineral resource estimate for its Baixa Grande Project in Brazil by 32%. The updated figures increase the project’s measured and indicated (M&I) resources to 6.52 million metric tonnes (t), containing 179,580 t of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE).

The Baixa Grande Project is located in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, a key region for lithium production. The site sits east of the Colina deposit, which Pilbara Minerals acquired from Latin Resources in August 2024.

Lithium Ionic Expands Presence in Brazil’s Lithium Valley

In addition to Baixa Grande, Lithium Ionic owns the Bandeira Project, another lithium asset in Brazil’s Lithium Valley. The Bandeira Project holds an M&I resource of 23.7 million tonnes and received its construction permit in 2024. The company plans to begin lithium concentrate production in 2026, further strengthening its position in the battery metals market.

The expansion of Baixa Grande’s resources underscores Brazil’s growing role in global lithium supply. With lithium demand rising due to electric vehicle (EV) battery production, Lithium Ionic’s projects could help secure future supply chains.