Airbus A320 Delivery Target Cut as Pratt & Whitney Supply Delays Persist

Airbus A320

Airbus A320 delivery target has been cut because Pratt & Whitney engine supply remains insufficient. Airbus now expects to reach a rate of 70-75 A320 family aircraft per month by the end of 2027. Its earlier target was 75 aircraft a month. As a result, Airbus A320 delivery target is now being reset by engine constraints rather than customer demand.

This matters because the A320neo family remains Airbus’ core narrowbody platform. Pratt & Whitney’s delivery shortfall is forcing Airbus to slow its production ramp-up. The problem also affects near-term planning for commercial aircraft deliveries. Therefore, Airbus A320 delivery target has become a direct measure of supplier performance.

Airbus still expects to deliver 870 commercial aircraft in 2026. That is above the original 2025 guidance of around 820 and the revised 2025 target of 790. However, management made clear that engine availability and wider supply chain pressure still limit output. Consequently, Airbus commercial aircraft deliveries remain exposed to upstream bottlenecks.

Pratt & Whitney Engine Supply Is Now the Main Constraint

Pratt & Whitney engine supply is the central reason for the revised Airbus schedule. The US engine maker supplies the PW1100G geared turbofan for the A320neo series. Airbus said Pratt must balance new engine deliveries with its recall campaign and durability upgrades. As a result, A320neo production ramp-up cannot move as quickly as Airbus planned.

The durability issue remains important. Pratt is working to improve performance through the GTF Advantage engine, which was certified in 2025. Even so, Airbus said the supply response has not matched its requirements. Meanwhile, Airbus has already initiated a dispute process, showing how serious the issue has become.

A320neo Production Ramp-Up Also Raises Pressure on CFM

A320neo production ramp-up now depends even more on alternative engine capacity. Airbus will need more support from CFM International if it wants to sustain rate 75 later on. CFM is jointly owned by Safran Aircraft Engines and GE Aerospace. Therefore, the Airbus A320 delivery target now creates more pressure on the wider engine ecosystem.

The adjustment is not limited to the A320 program. Airbus also lowered its A220 delivery target to 13 a month in 2028 from 14. It also cut this year’s A220 target to 12 a month from 14. That shows the company is managing multiple production constraints at once. Meanwhile, Airbus kept its A330 and A350 targets unchanged.

The Metalnomist Commentary

This revision shows that aerospace demand is still stronger than supply chain execution. Airbus does not have a market problem. It has an engine availability problem. Until Pratt & Whitney fully stabilizes deliveries, Airbus A320 delivery target will remain one of the clearest indicators of aerospace supply chain stress.

GTF Advantage Engine Certification signals new era for Pratt & Whitney

Pratt & Whitney

GTF Advantage engine certification in Europe marks a critical milestone for Pratt & Whitney and A320neo operators worldwide. The GTF Advantage engine certification from EASA, following earlier FAA approval, clears the way for entry into service from 2026. As a result, Pratt & Whitney strengthens its position in the narrow-body market against rival CFM’s Leap-1A engine.

Durability and efficiency at the heart of GTF Advantage engine certification

The upgraded design targets longer time on wing and lower lifecycle cost for airlines. Pratt & Whitney expects the GTF Advantage to double time on wing before major maintenance. As a result, operators gain fewer shop visits, lower unit costs and improved fleet availability. Meanwhile, the GTF Advantage engine certification reinforces confidence among lessors and financiers watching ongoing engine reliability debates.

Component enhancements focus on hotter sections where durability matters most. A redesigned airfoil in the high-pressure turbine helps reduce operating temperatures and manage thermal stress. Therefore, the engine can maintain performance over longer intervals with less degradation. Airlines flying dense A320neo schedules should benefit from higher dispatch reliability and more predictable MRO planning.

GTF Advantage engine certification reshapes narrow-body competition

The GTF Advantage will become Pratt & Whitney’s production standard for the Airbus A320neo family. This positions the engine as a direct, modernised challenger to CFM’s Leap-1A on the same platform. However, airlines will continue to weigh fuel burn, maintenance performance and OEM support before committing future fleet choices.

Narrow-body demand remains robust, with strong order backlogs and long delivery queues. As a result, even incremental gains from GTF Advantage engine certification can influence total cost of ownership over decades. For supply chains, higher time on wing may shift MRO demand timing, but it also locks in long-term parts and service revenue for RTX’s aftermarket network.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The GTF Advantage engine certification underscores how incremental turbine and materials engineering now drive competitive advantage in commercial aviation. If Pratt & Whitney delivers the promised durability in real-world service, the balance of power on the A320neo could tilt back toward the GTF. For metal and component suppliers, extended on-wing life will favour higher-value, longer-lasting alloys over pure volume growth.

FAA Approves Pratt & Whitney’s New GTF Advantage Engine for Airbus A320neo

Pratt & Whitney

Engine Upgrade Extends Life Cycle and Boosts Long-Range Capabilities

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has approved the GTF Advantage engine by Pratt & Whitney for commercial use. This next-generation engine will power Airbus A320neo aircraft starting in the second half of 2025.

The GTF Advantage is an upgraded version of the PW1100G-JM geared turbofan (GTF) engine. It will become the production standard for Pratt & Whitney-powered A320neo aircraft, the company confirmed last Friday.

Airbus also offers the LEAP-1A engine, made by CFM International, a joint venture between GE Aerospace and Safran. Together, these two engine options define the propulsion strategy for Airbus’ best-selling narrow-body jet.

Engineering Enhancements Aim to Extend Time on Wing

The GTF Advantage was designed to extend time on wing and reduce engine maintenance cycles. To do so, Pratt & Whitney integrated a new airfoil design and advanced coating technologies in the high-pressure turbine.

Operating temperatures have been lowered through component upgrades, improving fuel efficiency and durability. Some of these enhancements can already be applied to existing GTF engines to deliver immediate performance benefits.

The engine also provides greater takeoff thrust, allowing it to serve larger variants like the A321XLR. This extra-long-range model aims to compete with widebody jets on transcontinental and long-haul routes.

Airbus and Pratt & Whitney Push the Narrow-Body Frontier

Airbus has received over 500 orders for the A321XLR, signaling strong demand for fuel-efficient long-range narrow-body aircraft. Airbus recently delivered its first LEAP-powered XLR aircraft to Iberia, a major Spanish airline.

Pratt & Whitney, a subsidiary of RTX, continues to innovate in high-performance propulsion for commercial aviation. With FAA certification now secured, the GTF Advantage sets a new benchmark for engine longevity, sustainability, and flight efficiency.

Safran Predicts LEAP Engine Delivery Growth in 2025

Safran Aerosystems

French aerospace manufacturer Safran anticipates a 15-20% increase in LEAP engine deliveries in 2025 as demand rebounds for the Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 MAX.

LEAP Engine Delivery Forecast

Safran, in collaboration with CFM International, expects LEAP engine deliveries to grow to approximately 1,649-1,727 units in 2025, a recovery from the estimated 10% decline in 2024 deliveries from 1,570 units in 2023. The LEAP engine powers Boeing’s 737 MAX exclusively and competes with Pratt & Whitney’s PW1100G-JM for installation on Airbus’s A320neo jets.

The projected recovery remains tempered by:

• 737 MAX production slowdowns at Boeing.
• Turbine blade yield issues affecting the Airbus A320neo engine variant.

Aftermarket Revenue Outlook

Safran expects lower year-over-year revenue growth in its civil aftermarket segment for 2025:

• Spare parts revenue is forecast to grow in the mid-to-high single digits.
• Services revenue is projected to increase by mid-teens percentages.

This marks a slowdown compared to the mid-twenties growth rate anticipated for overall aftermarket revenues in 2024. From 2025 onward, Safran plans to split its aftermarket revenue reporting into spare parts and services to reflect the increasing share of service contracts.

Supply Chain Challenges Persist

While the aerospace supply chain is improving, Safran highlighted that full recovery is unlikely by 2025. The company cited supply chain production capability as the main risk to meeting its guidance. Safran reiterated these concerns in its October report and during its recent capital markets day.

Despite challenges, Safran’s cautious optimism aligns with the ongoing recovery in global aerospace manufacturing, supported by rising demand for narrowbody jets and sustained investment in engine technology.

RTX Engine Deliveries Slip in 2Q After Strike

RTX Engine

RTX engine deliveries slip in the second quarter as a monthlong strike disrupted Pratt & Whitney operations in Connecticut. Large commercial engine shipments fell 3.8pc to 227 units. However, RTX raised full-year revenue guidance as tariff headwinds eased, underscoring resilience even while RTX engine deliveries slip.

Strike impact and production mix

The strike by IAMAW workers hit East Hartford and Middletown facilities. As a result, Pratt & Whitney’s A320neo GTF programs faced near-term constraints. Meanwhile, military engine deliveries rose 8.1pc to 40 units. Pratt & Whitney Canada shipments increased 9.9pc to 521 units, partly offsetting where RTX engine deliveries slip in large commercial.

Supply chain, tariffs, and MRO recovery

RTX lifted adjusted 2025 revenue guidance to $84.75bn–$85.5bn. Therefore, improved US-UK tariff carve-outs cut expected 2025 tariff costs to $500mn from $850mn. Maintenance, repair and overhaul output rose 22pc as isothermal forging output increased 12pc. Still, RTX must balance forgings and castings between spares and new builds while RTX engine deliveries slip modestly.

Quarterly profit reached nearly $1.7bn, up from $111mn last year. Moreover, Collins Aerospace reduced overdue line items by 25pc. That improvement supports Boeing’s 787 program, where Collins supplies heat exchangers. However, allocation decisions remain critical as Airbus ramps A320neo output and demand for GTF spares persists.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Short-term labor disruption explains the dip, but MRO momentum and tariff relief stabilize outlook. Watch forging and casting allocations; bottlenecks here will set the pace for A320neo and defense program recoveries through 2025.

Airbus 2Q commercial deliveries fall amid engine shortages

Airbus Family

Airbus 2Q commercial deliveries fell year on year to 170 jets. Airbus 2Q commercial deliveries still rose from 136 in 1Q. Supply chain constraints, especially Leap engines, continued to bite. The company targets about 820 deliveries in 2025.

Program mix and production cadence

Narrowbody output weakened as A320neo deliveries slipped to 126 from 145. A220 shipments improved to 24 from 16 a year earlier. Widebody deliveries were mixed across the quarter. A350 fell to 12 from 14, while A330 rose to 8 from 6. Shipment stability suggests steady, quality-focused production cadence. However, the 38-per-month narrowbody goal still matters.

Risks, orders, and backlog outlook

Airbus must accelerate in the second half to hit 820. First-half deliveries totaled 306, leaving a heavy lift. Potential UK strike action could pressure wing supply. A U.S. Section 232 probe also threatens trade costs. Gross orders reached 214, or 198 net after cancellations. The company’s backlog stood at 8,754 aircraft on 30 June. Rival Boeing delivered 150 aircraft in the quarter. Competitive momentum adds pressure on Airbus execution.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Airbus must convert large backlog into predictable monthly cadence. Engine flow, labor stability, and logistics will define outcomes. Watch A320neo engine availability and A350 build integrity through year-end.

Airbus Sets Ambitious 2025 Target of 820 Aircraft Deliveries Amid Supply Chain Headwinds

Airbus

LEAP Engine Supply and Spirit AeroSystems Integration Pose Near-Term Challenges

Airbus, the European aerospace giant, has announced a 2025 delivery target of approximately 820 commercial aircraft, up from a revised 770-unit goal for 2024.

The announcement, made during the company’s annual press conference, reflects long-term confidence, even as supply chain disruptions continue to pose risks in the short term.

One of the main bottlenecks remains the supply of LEAP engines from CFM International, a joint venture between Safran Aircraft Engines and GE Aerospace.

These delays continue to hamper A320neo production, especially during the first half of 2025, according to Airbus CEO Guillaume Faury. To compensate, Airbus plans to accelerate deliveries in the second half of the year, assuming engine supply conditions improve.

Spirit AeroSystems Deal Delays A350 Freighter, Affects Ramp-Up

Airbus also faces challenges linked to its pending acquisition of select Spirit AeroSystems sites and work packages.

The transaction is expected to close in H1 2025, but current part shortages from Spirit are already impacting production for A350 and A220 models, said CFO Thomas Toepfer.

The full integration of Spirit assets post-acquisition will take time, contributing to Airbus’ decision to delay the A350 freighter variant entry into service from 2026 to H2 2027.

This shift reflects the reality that operational issues at Spirit could persist even after the deal closes.

In January 2025, Airbus delivered just 25 aircraft, including 23 narrowbody jets and 2 widebody A350s, down from 28 single-aisle jets in January 2024 and 102 aircraft in December 2024.

This slowdown underscores the fragility of current output levels, especially for A220s and A320neo family aircraft.

Long-Term Outlook Remains Strong Despite Tariff and Supply Risks

Despite near-term turbulence, Airbus reaffirmed its production ramp-up goals:

• A220 at rate 14 by 2026

• A320 at rate 75 by 2027

• A350 at rate 12 by 2028

The A330 production rate will stabilize at four per month, with no immediate plan for increases.

On trade concerns, CEO Faury noted that tariffs from the U.S. are unlikely to significantly affect Airbus due to its integrated transatlantic footprint. He emphasized that Airbus is a major export customer for the U.S. aerospace industry, highlighting the mutual dependency across the Atlantic.

GE Aerospace Engine Deliveries Rise as LEAP Shipments Support Aircraft Ramp-Up

GE Aerospace Engine

GE Aerospace engine deliveries rose sharply in the first quarter as the company increased commercial engine shipments and benefited from strong aerospace maintenance demand. Total engine deliveries climbed by 50% on the year to 640 units in January-March.

GE Aerospace engine deliveries were led by the LEAP engine, where shipments rose by 63% to 520 units. The LEAP is the sole engine for Boeing’s 737 MAX and one of the two engine options for Airbus’ A320neo family.

GE Aerospace engine deliveries helped offset weaker volumes from rival Pratt & Whitney, whose large commercial engine deliveries fell year on year. This matters because engine availability remains one of the biggest constraints on narrowbody aircraft production.

The result shows that aerospace demand remains strong, but the supply chain is still under pressure. Engine makers need more castings, forgings, rotating parts, powder metal components, superalloys, titanium parts and qualified spare capacity to meet aircraft build-rate targets.

LEAP Ramp-Up Offsets Pratt & Whitney Weakness

GE Aerospace attributed higher shipment volumes to better supplier performance. The company has been working to increase output of new engines and spare parts to support Boeing and Airbus production plans.

The company announced another $1bn supply-chain investment in March. About $100mn of that will support external suppliers and help them increase output capacity.

This investment is strategically important because commercial engine production depends on a deep, qualified supplier base. A single bottleneck in forgings, castings, coatings, disks, blades or precision machined parts can slow engine deliveries.

GE Aerospace competes with Pratt & Whitney on the Airbus A320neo programme. Pratt & Whitney’s delivery pressure has affected Airbus production planning, while GE’s stronger LEAP output gives aircraft manufacturers another source of support.

However, demand still exceeds available supply. GE Aerospace said supplier throughput rose by double digits, but spare parts delinquency increased by 70% from the end of 2024 because of material availability constraints.

That warning is important for metals and aerospace suppliers. Higher engine deliveries do not mean the supply chain is fully recovered. It means suppliers are improving from a constrained base while demand continues to rise faster than available capacity.

MRO Demand Stays Strong but Fuel Risk Emerges

Aerospace MRO demand remained robust in the first quarter. LEAP internal shop visits rose by more than 50% from a year earlier, while spare parts sales increased by more than 25%.

The aftermarket outlook remains strong because LEAP work scopes are increasing and older-generation CFM56 and GE90 engines still face major shop-visit cycles. Many of these engines are approaching their first or second major maintenance events.

This creates a powerful revenue base for GE Aerospace. Even when new engine deliveries face constraints, airlines still need repairs, overhauls, spare parts and component replacement to keep fleets flying.

However, the Middle East war has created a new risk for airline economics. Higher oil prices and tighter jet fuel supply could pressure airline finances and delay some aftermarket work in the near term.

GE Aerospace lowered its full-year forecast for global commercial flight growth to flat-to-low-single-digit growth. It had previously expected mid-single-digit growth.

The company still maintained its 2026 earnings guidance. It said that without the war, it likely would have raised its forecasts.

Defense and power-generation engine deliveries also increased. Quarterly shipments for defence and aeroderivative applications rose by 24% to 185 units, adding another source of industrial demand for high-performance engine materials.

GE Aerospace’s quarterly revenue rose by 25% to $12.4bn, while profit fell by 2.1% to $2.2bn. The figures show that demand remains strong, but supply-chain cost, material constraints and geopolitical pressure continue to shape margins.

The Metalnomist Commentary

GE Aerospace’s first-quarter results show that aircraft production recovery is now a supplier-capacity story. LEAP shipments are improving, but material availability and spare parts delays prove that aerospace metals, forgings and MRO capacity remain strategic bottlenecks.

RTX Engine Deliveries Rise as Airbus Ramp-Up Drives New-Build Focus

RTX

RTX engine deliveries are set to rise in 2026 as the company shifts more output toward new aircraft builds. RTX expects large commercial engine shipments to increase by a mid-to-high single-digit rate from 2025 levels. That follows deliveries of 1,055 large commercial engines last year. As a result, RTX engine deliveries are becoming a more direct measure of Airbus ramp-up progress.

This shift matters because Pratt & Whitney supports key Airbus programs. Its engines mainly serve the A320neo and A220 families. RTX said the split between new-build installs and aftermarket shipments will favor new aircraft in 2026. Therefore, RTX engine deliveries will increasingly track airframe production rather than spare engine demand.

The company is making this move while aftermarket demand remains strong. Airlines still fly older fleets longer because new aircraft deliveries remain delayed. However, RTX now wants more of its engine output directed toward Airbus assembly lines. Consequently, the market will watch whether RTX engine deliveries can support higher narrowbody build rates without weakening service support.

Pratt & Whitney Supply Chain Expansion Is Becoming the Key Enabler

Pratt & Whitney supply chain capacity is now central to this delivery plan. RTX said it is expanding forgings and castings capacity to ease production bottlenecks. Those investments are designed to support Airbus as it pushes toward much higher monthly output targets. As a result, internal supply chain execution is becoming as important as final engine assembly.

The company has already committed major capital to this effort. RTX announced a $206mn expansion in Columbus, Georgia, covering engine MRO, nickel and titanium forgings, and compressor blade production. It also announced a $285mn investment in Asheville, North Carolina, to expand turbine blade castings. Therefore, RTX is reinforcing the upstream parts base that supports future engine growth.

These additions will not deliver full benefits immediately. RTX said the Asheville casting project remains in the build-up phase. Management also highlighted work on yields to ensure efficient production when output rises further. Meanwhile, a new powder metal tower and forging press are expected within the next 24 months. That means the supply chain still has execution risk even as capacity grows.

Airbus Ramp-Up Will Test Engine Flow and Material Discipline

Airbus ramp-up will put real pressure on engine delivery discipline. The aircraft maker wants to raise A320neo production to 75 aircraft per month by 2027. It also wants to lift A220 production to 12 aircraft per month this year. Therefore, RTX engine deliveries must improve not only in volume, but also in timing and consistency.

That challenge is already visible in recent numbers. Fourth-quarter large commercial engine shipments rose 12pc year on year to 312 units. RTX benefited from Airbus’ year-end push to meet its revised outlook. However, the market still sees engine shortages as one of the main constraints on narrowbody production. Consequently, 2026 will be a test of whether RTX can move from recovery to reliable support.

RTX’s broader results show it has momentum. Defense engine deliveries rose strongly in 2025, while Pratt & Whitney Canada also posted modest growth. Profit and revenue both increased over the year. Even so, the most strategic question remains clear. Can RTX engine deliveries rise fast enough to support Airbus without creating new strain elsewhere in the system?

The Metalnomist Commentary

RTX is no longer just solving a delivery backlog. It is rebuilding the industrial base behind future engine flow. If forgings, castings, and yield improvements hold, RTX could become one of the key enablers of the next aerospace production upcycle.

Airbus A220 production rate cut as Spirit integration reshapes ramp-up

Airbus A220

Airbus A220 production rate is being cut to 12 jets per month in 2026 from 14. The move allows Airbus to integrate key Spirit AeroSystems work packages, including A220 wings, while stabilising parts supply after recent disruptions. As a result, the Airbus A220 production rate strategy now balances short-term constraints with longer-term industrial resilience.

Airbus A220 production rate planning also reflects pressure from engine durability issues. Powder metal defects affecting Pratt & Whitney GTF engines have already slowed A220 and A320neo fleets. Therefore Airbus is using the softer ramp to phase in engine durability improvements and reduce the risk of new “glider” buildups. The group still targets a steep step up from current delivery levels of around seven A220s per month.

Spirit integration and engine bottlenecks reshape Airbus output

Airbus is integrating Spirit AeroSystems’ work packages to stabilise A220 and A350 structures supply. Spirit’s wing and fuselage issues have previously constrained final assembly lines, so direct control should strengthen quality and timing. However, integration work requires time and resources, justifying a lower Airbus A220 production rate target in 2026.

Engine supply remains an equally critical bottleneck. Deliveries from CFM and Pratt & Whitney are improving, but Airbus admits it is “not out of the woods”. The number of engine-less “gliders” at final assembly lines has fallen from 60 to 32 and is targeted to reach zero by year-end. As a result, engine makers have committed to support this goal, with deliveries now roughly balanced between Leap-1A and GTF.

Airbus ramps narrowbodies while managing widebody constraints

Airbus keeps its guidance of around 820 total aircraft deliveries in 2025, despite back-loaded schedules. This means an intense push in the final months, which management acknowledges will be “quite unprecedented”. Meanwhile, A320 family rates are still aimed at 75 aircraft per month in 2027, supported by new final assembly lines in Tianjin and Mobile.

Widebody programmes show a more gradual trajectory. A330 output will stabilise at four per month, with a move toward five by 2029. The A350 remains targeted at 12 per month in 2028, although Section 15 fuselage supply from Spirit still creates friction. Airbus plans to address this bottleneck through the same Spirit integration strategy underpinning the Airbus A220 production rate reset.

Focus keyphrases: Airbus A220 production rate, Spirit AeroSystems integration, Pratt & Whitney GTF, Airbus ramp-up, A320neo backlog

The Metalnomist Commentary

Airbus’ revised A220 ramp illustrates how OEMs trade headline growth for industrial control when supply chains come under strain. Bringing critical Spirit packages in-house while synchronising engine improvements positions Airbus for a more reliable narrowbody surge later this decade. For metals and aero-engine suppliers, the message is clear: capacity must align not only with demand, but with traceable quality and integration readiness.

Safran LEAP engine deliveries rise in H1 2025

Safran LEAP engine

Safran LEAP engine deliveries increased in the first half as production accelerated. As a result, Safran LEAP engine deliveries reached 729 units, up 10pc year on year. Meanwhile, the narrowbody market kept demand firm across Boeing 737 MAX and Airbus A320neo programs.

Production acceleration lifts Safran LEAP engine deliveries

Safran boosted output in the second quarter to support airlines and MRO partners. Q2 production rose 29pc versus Q1 and 38pc year on year. Therefore, the delivery cadence improved despite supply chain pressures in castings and forgings.

Aftermarket strength and airline orders support momentum

Safran reported stronger spare parts demand across LEAP and legacy CFM56 fleets. Notably, Ryanair ordered 30 LEAP-1B spare engines to support its 737 MAX fleet. Consequently, aftermarket revenue provided an additional tailwind to first-half results.

Safran broadened volumes beyond LEAP with high-thrust engines. First-half high-thrust deliveries rose to 107 units, up from 91 a year ago. However, M88 military engines slipped to 10, while CFM56 deliveries eased to 26.

The group posted solid top-line growth alongside delivery gains. First-half adjusted revenue reached €14.8bn, up 13.2pc year on year. In addition, second-quarter revenue edged up to €7.5bn from €7.3bn in Q1.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Airline network rebuilds and sustained A320neo and 737 MAX demand continue to anchor LEAP volumes. We expect LEAP spares and shop visits to lead margin mix while OEM output normalizes. Watch castings, combustor hardware, and rotor parts as pacing items for further rate increases.

Pratt & Whitney Capacity Expansion Targets Forgings and GTF MRO Bottlenecks

Pratt & Whitney

Pratt & Whitney capacity expansion plans will add production and aftermarket capability across commercial and defence engine programmes. The RTX subsidiary will invest $200mn to increase engine component output and strengthen maintenance, repair and overhaul capacity.

Pratt & Whitney capacity expansion is strategically important because the company remains under pressure to improve geared turbofan engine deliveries for Airbus narrowbody aircraft. It must also support defence engine demand tied to F-15, F-16 and F-35 fighter programmes.

The investment will be split between manufacturing and GTF engine MRO. Half will support a new facility in Rzeszow, Poland, while the remaining $100mn will expand three US aftermarket sites.

The plan shows how aerospace supply chains are moving deeper into materials and repair bottlenecks. Engine production now depends on qualified forgings, titanium and nickel disks, powder metallurgy control, spare parts availability and faster shop-visit turnaround.

Rzeszow and Columbus Expand Forging Disk Output

Pratt & Whitney will invest $100mn in a new facility at its Rzeszow site in Poland. The facility will include equipment to heat treat, machine and test isothermal forgings.

The Polish operations support components for GTF engines used on Airbus narrowbody aircraft. They also support F100 and F135 engines used in F-15, F-16 and F-35 fighter programmes.

The Rzeszow expansion will support Pratt & Whitney’s plan to add a seventh isothermal forging press at its Columbus, Georgia manufacturing campus. Both projects are expected to be operational by 2028.

The combined investments are expected to increase output of nickel- and titanium-based compressor and turbine disks by 30%. These disks are critical rotating components in high-performance jet engines.

This matters for metals supply chains. Titanium compressor disks and nickel turbine disks require strict chemistry control, high-quality melting, forging, heat treatment and inspection.

Isothermal forging is especially important because it supports complex, high-strength components used under demanding temperature and stress conditions. Capacity expansion in this area directly affects engine production reliability.

Pratt & Whitney capacity expansion therefore targets one of the most sensitive parts of the aerospace supply chain. More disk capacity can help reduce constraints in both new engine output and spare parts availability.

GTF Aftermarket Investment Targets Turnaround Times

Pratt & Whitney will also invest $100mn across three US MRO sites to expand aftermarket capacity for the GTF engine. The sites are located in Irving, Texas, West Palm Beach, Florida, and Springdale, Arkansas.

Most of the MRO funding will go to Irving. The investment will add new equipment, increase on-site inventory and expand facility footprints.

The goal is to improve throughput and reduce repair turnaround times. This is crucial because GTF fleet issues have created heavy demand for inspections, shop visits and replacement parts.

The investment follows a $70mn expansion at Pratt & Whitney’s Columbus aftermarket services operation earlier this year. That project increased annual overhaul capacity by 25%.

Pratt & Whitney has been under pressure from Airbus because GTF delivery shortfalls have affected aircraft ramp-up plans. The company’s large commercial engine shipments fell by 15 units year on year to 235 in the first quarter.

The main challenge is balancing new engine production with spare parts and repair demand. A powder metal issue identified in 2023 forced accelerated inspections and potential rework across hundreds of A320neo aircraft.

Durability has also been a point of tension. European regulators approved Pratt & Whitney’s GTF Advantage for the A320neo on 17 April, and the upgrade is expected to double time on wing. An upgrade kit for in-service engines is expected later this year.

The MRO investment is therefore not only a repair capacity expansion. It is part of a wider effort to stabilise the GTF fleet, rebuild Airbus confidence and improve engine availability across the installed base.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Pratt & Whitney capacity expansion shows that aerospace bottlenecks are now concentrated in qualified materials, forgings and MRO infrastructure. The company’s ability to restore GTF reliability will depend as much on titanium and nickel disk capacity as on final engine assembly.

GE Aerospace LEAP engine deliveries surge on supply chain recovery

GE Aerospace LEAP engine

GE Aerospace LEAP engine deliveries surged in the third quarter as supply chain stability unlocked higher output. The engine maker delivered 511 LEAP units, a 40pc increase year on year. As a result, GE Aerospace lifted its full-year guidance for LEAP production growth above 20pc. The stronger trajectory for GE Aerospace LEAP engine deliveries underlines how quickly the narrowbody engine market is tightening again.

Supply-chain gains underpin LEAP production outlook

Improved throughput and yields at core suppliers sit behind stronger GE Aerospace LEAP engine deliveries. Suppliers shipped more than 95pc of committed volume for a third consecutive quarter. Therefore, GE Aerospace now expects more than 20pc shipment growth versus 2024, up from earlier guidance. Management also targets deliveries of 2,000 LEAP engines next year through its CFM International joint venture. This outlook closely tracks Boeing and Airbus narrowbody build plans for the 737 MAX and A320neo.

Aftermarket demand intensifies LEAP engine pressure

Meanwhile, surging MRO demand amplifies the impact of higher GE Aerospace LEAP engine deliveries. Airlines are flying older fleets longer as new aircraft deliveries slip, stretching engine maintenance schedules. At the same time, early-generation LEAP engines are entering first and second shop visits. Quarterly aftermarket revenue rose 28pc to $6.8bn, driven by complex widebody work and higher narrowbody volumes. Internal LEAP inductions increased 30pc, while external shop visits doubled, yet capacity still lags demand.

Despite strong earnings momentum, GE Aerospace warns that supply chain vulnerabilities could still disrupt engine deliveries. The company continues to expand its MRO network and parts availability to support future LEAP shop visits. However, management expects engines coming off wing for maintenance to rise by double digits next year. This imbalance between demand and repair capacity will shape utilization patterns for airlines and lessors.

The Metalnomist Commentary

GE Aerospace’s latest results confirm that LEAP remains the workhorse of global narrowbody growth, but also a bottleneck. For metals and component suppliers, sustained LEAP ramps and heavier MRO loads signal durable demand for high-temperature alloys. Investors should watch whether supply chain upgrades can keep pace with this cycle before the next downturn.

FAA and EASA Certify CFM LEAP-1A HPT Blade for Durability Enhancement

CFM International

The FAA and EASA have certified CFM International’s upgraded high-pressure turbine (HPT) blade for the LEAP-1A engine, improving durability and extending time on wing in hot environments.

Durability Boost for LEAP-1A Engines

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) have approved a critical hardware upgrade for the LEAP-1A engine developed by CFM International, a joint venture between Safran Aircraft Engines and GE Aerospace. The newly certified high-pressure turbine (HPT) blade kit aims to increase engine durability, particularly in extreme operating environments like the Middle East, and enhance the engine's time on wing.

The certified kit includes:

• HPT stage-one blade
• Stage-one nozzle
• Forward inner nozzle support

These components are designed to withstand high operating temperatures, improving the engine’s overall performance and lifecycle.

Addressing Supply Chain Bottlenecks

The LEAP-1A engine powers Airbus A320neo aircraft, while the LEAP-1B variant exclusively powers Boeing’s 737 MAX. However, the supply chain for HPT blades has faced significant challenges, impacting engine deliveries in the first three quarters of 2024. During its third-quarter earnings call, Safran revealed that while certification of the new HPT blade was imminent, the delays had already constrained production.

With the certification complete, CFM International is prepared to ship the upgraded blades, focusing first on the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) market. This should alleviate pressure on airlines operating LEAP-1A engines, many of which are critical to global aviation fleets.

Certification for an updated HPT blade for the LEAP-1B variant is expected by the end of 2025, signaling further advancements in turbine blade technology for Boeing aircraft.

Advanced Materials for Extreme Performance

The high-pressure turbine blades are made from nickel-based superalloys that include chromium, molybdenum, and cobalt, which allow them to endure extreme temperatures and mechanical stress. These advanced materials are vital to enhancing the performance of modern aircraft engines, particularly in demanding conditions.

The certification underscores CFM International’s commitment to advancing engine technology and meeting the evolving needs of global aviation.

Safran LEAP Engine Deliveries Rise as Aerospace MRO Demand Stays Strong

Safran LEAP Engine

Safran LEAP engine deliveries rose sharply in the first quarter as the French aerospace group benefited from stronger narrowbody engine output and robust aftermarket activity. Safran delivered 520 LEAP engines in January-March, up 63% from 319 units a year earlier.

Safran LEAP engine deliveries are produced through CFM International, the company’s joint venture with GE Aerospace. The first-quarter result keeps CFM on track for its full-year delivery target of about 2,072 engines, based on expected growth of 15% over 2025.

Safran LEAP engine deliveries also show that narrowbody aircraft supply chains are improving, even as airlines and manufacturers remain exposed to engine durability, parts availability and material cost pressures.

The company said the Middle East war has had little to no operational impact so far. However, analysts questioned whether a longer conflict could eventually reduce air traffic, weaken airline finances or delay maintenance spending.

Aftermarket Strength Supports Propulsion Revenue

Safran’s aftermarket performance remained strong in the first quarter. Spare parts revenue rose by 29%, while services revenue increased by 43%.

This growth was driven by maintenance, repair and overhaul demand for both CFM56 and LEAP engines. Airlines continue to operate older fleets while waiting for new aircraft deliveries, supporting demand for engine shop visits, spare parts and repair work.

Safran said it has not seen any reduction in repair scope, shop visits or retirement trends. Chief executive Olivier Andries said the first half of the year should remain largely unaffected by the conflict.

The company maintained its full-year guidance. It expects low to mid-teen revenue growth, around 15% higher LEAP deliveries, mid-teen spare parts revenue growth and about 20% growth in services revenue.

Propulsion revenue reached €4.55bn in the first quarter. Services accounted for 64.5% of propulsion revenue at €2.9bn, while original equipment contributed €1.6bn.

That revenue mix matters for aerospace suppliers. Aftermarket activity provides stronger earnings visibility when new engine production remains constrained by materials, labour and qualified supplier capacity.

Cobalt and Tungsten Costs Highlight Engine Materials Risk

Safran noted significant price increases in raw materials such as cobalt and tungsten. These materials are critical to high-performance aerospace engine components.

Cobalt is used in superalloys that can withstand high temperatures inside jet engines. Tungsten supports hard metals, high-temperature alloys and precision tooling used across aerospace manufacturing.

The price pressure reflects wider supply-chain risk. Cobalt markets have been affected by the Democratic Republic of Congo’s export restrictions and quota system. Tungsten prices have also risen because of tight concentrate supply and restricted Chinese exports.

Safran said it is managing the cost increases and has buffers to absorb higher raw material prices. Still, the trend reinforces how engine production depends on stable access to strategic metals.

CFM is also preparing to introduce the upgraded “maverick” high-pressure turbine blade on the LEAP-1B around June-July. The upgraded blade was introduced on the LEAP-1A variant last year after US and EU certification.

Other equipment deliveries were mixed. A320neo nacelle output rose by one-third from a year earlier, while A320 landing gear sets, A330neo nacelles and A350 landing gear sets declined. Boeing 787 landing gear deliveries rose by 38% to 22 units.

The mixed performance shows that aerospace recovery remains uneven. Engine deliveries and aftermarket demand are improving, but nacelles, landing gear and late-stage aircraft systems still face different supply-chain pressures.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Safran’s quarter shows that aerospace profitability is increasingly tied to MRO depth and engine materials resilience. LEAP output is recovering, but cobalt, tungsten and high-temperature component supply will remain strategic pressure points as aircraft production ramps.

Safran LEAP engine deliveries catch up with Airbus production plans

Safran LEAP engine

Safran LEAP engine deliveries are accelerating as the French aerospace manufacturer races to align output with Airbus’ build rates. Safran LEAP engine deliveries reached 511 units in the third quarter, up 40pc year on year, pushing total shipments for the first nine months to 1,240 units. As a result, Safran now expects full-year Safran LEAP engine deliveries to grow by more than 20pc over 2024, implying that annual volumes could comfortably exceed 1,688 units.

Safran LEAP engine deliveries underpin Airbus narrowbody ramp-up

Safran’s LEAP delivery surge is closely tracking Airbus’ recovery in A320 family output after earlier engine shortages curbed assemblies. Higher third-quarter engine availability allowed Airbus to step up A320 deliveries, while Safran simultaneously increased shipments of key structures such as landing gear and nacelles. Deliveries of A320 landing-gear sets rose to 166 units in the quarter, and A320neo nacelles climbed to 186, underscoring how Safran is scaling its integrated narrowbody footprint. Meanwhile, discussions between Safran and Airbus on rate 75 for 2026–27 confirm that both companies share a common view on higher long-term production rates and the need for stable LEAP supply.

Trade uncertainty remains a risk despite strong aftermarket tailwinds

However, Safran still faces a complex trade environment even as operational performance improves. Recent EU-US tariff arrangements and efforts to secure eligibility under the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement have reduced some customs-related risks, but flows between China and the US — and persistent section 232 tariffs on aluminium, steel and copper — remain key concerns for the group. At the same time, Safran’s services and spares business continues to deliver robust growth as airlines keep aircraft in service longer and shop visits intensify. As a result, Safran has raised its services revenue guidance to low-to-mid 20pc percentage growth, helping lift total third-quarter revenue by 18.3pc to €7.85bn and providing an important buffer against macro and trade headwinds.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Safran LEAP engine deliveries are emerging as a critical bottleneck solution for Airbus as both sides push toward higher narrowbody build rates. For the wider metals and aero-supply chain, the combination of rising LEAP volumes, strong aftermarket work and persistent trade frictions will keep demand firm for high-spec nickel alloys, titanium and precision forgings. Suppliers that can manage tariff exposure while reliably meeting OEM schedules are likely to secure long-term, higher-margin positions in this extended aerospace upcycle.

Rolls-Royce UltraFan 30 Funding Supports Narrowbody Engine Comeback

Rolls-Royce UltraFan

Rolls-Royce UltraFan 30 development has gained fresh momentum after the company secured €64 million from the EU’s Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking program. The funding will support the UK engine maker’s effort to re-enter the narrowbody aircraft engine market.

Rolls-Royce UltraFan 30 is planned for ground testing in 2028 as the company moves the demonstrator toward future flight testing. The program targets next-generation single-aisle aircraft, a market Rolls-Royce exited after leaving the V2500 engine program in 2012.

Rolls-Royce UltraFan 30 is strategically important because narrowbody aircraft represent one of the largest and most competitive segments in commercial aviation. The company aims to challenge Pratt & Whitney and CFM International, the GE Aerospace and Safran joint venture that supplies LEAP engines.

Geared Turbofan Design Targets Fuel Efficiency Gains

The UltraFan 30 uses ducted geared turbofan technology and is designed to deliver up to 30,000lb of thrust. Rolls-Royce says the engine can improve fuel efficiency by as much as 20% compared with current in-service engines.

That efficiency target matters because airlines and airframers are under pressure to cut fuel burn, emissions, and operating costs. Engine performance has become a decisive factor in future aircraft programs, especially as Airbus and Boeing evaluate next-generation narrowbody platforms.

The fan system also carries materials significance. The engine uses composite fan casing and blades with titanium leading edges, reinforcing the role of lightweight, high-strength materials in future propulsion systems.

Titanium and Advanced Materials Remain Central to Engine Competition

The Rolls-Royce UltraFan 30 program shows how next-generation jet engine development depends on more than aerodynamics and software. It also requires reliable access to advanced composites, titanium alloys, nickel superalloys, precision forgings, coatings, and high-temperature components.

The competitive timing is also important. Airbus has faced engine supply constraints from Pratt & Whitney that affected A320neo production targets. This has highlighted the strategic value of engine availability, supplier resilience, and manufacturing capacity across the aerospace supply chain.

For Rolls-Royce, EU support reduces technical and financial pressure during a critical development phase. For Europe, the funding strengthens regional aerospace technology capability at a time when fuel efficiency, industrial sovereignty, and supply chain resilience are becoming linked.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Rolls-Royce’s UltraFan 30 funding is a strategic bet on re-entering a market dominated by Pratt & Whitney and CFM International. For specialty metals suppliers, the program reinforces long-term demand for titanium, superalloys, and advanced engine-grade materials.

Titanium Exempt from New US Reciprocal Tariffs Amid Broader Aerospace Uncertainty

Titanium Ingot

Titanium Scrap and Alloys Dodge Latest Tariff Wave, but Market Unease Persists

Titanium and its derivatives, including scrap and ferro-titanium, were notably exempted from the latest round of US reciprocal tariffs announced on April 2. Annex II of President Donald Trump’s executive order outlined the list of exemptions, sparing various nonferrous metals, including titanium, from additional duties.

However, existing tariffs on titanium products remain unchanged. These include a 60% duty on Chinese titanium sponge and a 15% duty on unwrought titanium from Japan, Kazakhstan, and Saudi Arabia. While titanium scrap imports from the EU and UK are also exempt, pre-existing duties—such as the 20% tariff on Chinese titanium added in March—still apply.

Meanwhile, concerns linger about supply disruptions, particularly in vacuum-grade titanium scrap. The US depends heavily on EU and UK sources to meet demand for ingot melting in aerospace-grade production.

Aerospace Industry Caught in the Crossfire of Uncertain Trade Measures

The aerospace supply chain could still face ripple effects, especially concerning finished parts, components, and jet engines. Major OEMs such as Airbus, Boeing, and Rolls-Royce remain cautious, stating that they are assessing the impact of the new tariffs.

Jet engines like CFM’s Leap-1A and 1B, which power the Airbus A320neo and Boeing 737 Max, span a US-French supply chain, raising questions about the impact of cross-border tariffs on subcomponents. Landing gear systems produced by Safran for the Boeing 787 and turbine modules from GE in the US to France further complicate the situation.

While titanium producers currently report no impact on OEMs for titanium-based parts, the ambiguity surrounding composite materials and mixed-alloy components could lead to future disruptions.

China's Tariff Retaliation Raises Stakes for US Aerospace Exports

In response, China has imposed a 34% tariff on all US imports, with no exemptions, escalating the trade conflict. This will impact US titanium exports to China—totaling 1,300t in 2024—mainly in bars, rods, and wire, as well as aerospace components vital to Comac’s C919 jet program.

China’s C919 relies on US-sourced Leap-1C engines, avionics from Honeywell Aerospace, GE Aerospace, and Collins Aerospace, making it vulnerable to retaliatory tariffs.

Although China sources the majority of its titanium domestically, these duties highlight the fragile interdependence of global aerospace production.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Titanium’s tariff exemption provides momentary relief to US aerospace and scrap processors, but the real uncertainty lies in composite supply chains. As the US and China entrench their trade defenses, aerospace firms must prepare for further regulatory fragmentation. Strategic stockpiling, diversified sourcing, and diplomatic engagement will define resilience in the next phase of industrial policy shifts.

Safran Navigates Tariff Risks While Targeting Leap Engine Production Surge

Safran

Rising Demand from Airbus and Boeing Drives 2025 Leap Engine Outlook Despite Cross-Border Trade Concerns

Safran, the French aerospace giant, is closely watching potential U.S. tariff exposure as it plans a sharp increase in Leap engine production. Growing demand from both Airbus and Boeing is fueling the ramp-up, yet Safran remains cautious due to the complex global supply chain behind its CFM International joint venture with GE Aerospace.

Although Leap engine demand is set to rise, Safran's supply chain spans multiple countries. Components for the Leap 1A and 1B engines cross borders between France, the U.S., and Mexico, making them vulnerable to any future trade policy shifts. CEO Olivier Andriès emphasized this risk during the company’s full-year earnings call, stating that the impact of tariffs remains uncertain without knowing their exact scope.

Leap Engine Production Targets Face Supply and Policy Headwinds

Safran delivered 1,407 Leap engines in 2024, a drop from 1,570 units in 2023. The decline stemmed from high-pressure turbine (HPT) constraints on the 1A variant and reduced Boeing 737 MAX production, which affected the 1B. Nonetheless, the company reaffirmed its 2025 delivery target of 1,618–1,688 Leap engines, reflecting a 15–20% increase.

To support this growth, certification of a new HPT blade for the 1A is expected in 2025. Additionally, approval for an updated blade on the Boeing variant will help ease production bottlenecks. However, Safran acknowledged that both supply chain capacity and potential U.S. tariffs remain the two largest risks to this ramp-up.

Strong Growth Across Airbus Programs Offsets Leap Shortfall

Outside of the Leap program, Safran reported growth across several Airbus platforms. A320neo nacelle deliveries rose 7% to 622 units, while A330neo nacelles increased 15% to 62 units. Landing gear sets for the Boeing 787 jumped 37% to 41 units, while A320 landing gear sets rose 3% to 601.

In legacy engines, deliveries of the CFM56 rose 15% to 60 units, while high-thrust engines increased 3% to 195 units. Military M88 engine deliveries dipped slightly by two units, totaling 40.

As Safran prepares to scale production in 2025, its global manufacturing footprint—spanning over 18 sites in Mexico, 7 in Canada, and 24+ U.S. states—positions it well for long-term growth, but also increases exposure to trade risks.

Airbus Projects Dip in Titanium Demand for 2025, Recovery in 2026

Airbus

European aerospace giant Airbus has forecasted a temporary decline in titanium demand in 2025, following higher-than-expected offtake in 2024 driven by buffer stock accumulation. However, the company anticipates a rebound in 2026 and is urging suppliers to prepare for a renewed increase in demand. Speaking at the International Titanium Association conference in Austin, Olivier Maillard, Airbus' vice-president of metallic material procurement, outlined the company’s titanium procurement strategy and ongoing challenges.

2024 Buildup, 2025 Adjustment, 2026 Recovery

During ramp-up preparations in 2024, Airbus engaged in buffer stock accumulation, leading to a titanium offtake that exceeded actual production requirements. This buildup resulted from the steep ramp trajectories planned across all of Airbus' programs. Maillard explained that this excess stock will lead to a temporary adjustment in 2025, after which the demand trajectory is expected to normalize.

Despite a slight increase in 2024 demand compared to pre-pandemic 2019 levels, Airbus has adjusted its outlook, curbing further growth from 2025 to 2026. Projected titanium consumption in 2026 is expected to remain below peak levels seen in 2017-2018, during which the company was intensively producing the A350 and A380 models.

Exact figures for 2026 titanium volumes were not disclosed, but Maillard’s comments suggest cautious optimism for a recovery post-2025. For narrowbody aircraft, Airbus is targeting a production rate of 75 A320s per month by 2027, deferred by a year from 2026 due to supply chain constraints, and an unchanged rate of 14 A220s per month by 2026. Supply chain issues, particularly concerning missing parts and engine shortages, have prompted this adjustment.

To support the A320 ramp-up, Airbus is expanding its final assembly lines in Toulouse, Hamburg, Tianjin, and Mobile, yet remains vigilant of ongoing supply chain pressures. Meanwhile, its widebody aircraft programs continue to be a major driver of titanium demand, due to their higher weight and titanium content. For instance, the A350 is approximately 14-15% titanium by weight, compared to around 10% for the A320neo.

Maintaining Ties with VSMPO-Avisma Amid Geopolitical Tensions

Maillard reiterated Airbus' ongoing commitment to sourcing titanium from Russian supplier VSMPO-Avisma, underlining that the company remains compliant with current sanctions. "There are no sanctions on VSMPO titanium today, so yes, we continue to source VSMPO titanium," he stated. However, should the geopolitical situation change and new sanctions be imposed, Airbus will comply immediately and seek alternatives, emphasizing the importance of diversifying its procurement strategy across global suppliers to mitigate risk.

The geopolitical climate has underscored the need for Airbus to build a more robust and diversified supply chain, particularly for critical materials like titanium. The company’s efforts to secure its supply while adapting to global uncertainties reflect a strategic approach to maintaining production stability across its programs.