US Launches Section 232 Probe Into Aircraft and Engine Imports

U.S. Aircraft

Trade Investigation Targets National Security and Import Reliance

The U.S. government has launched a Section 232 investigation into imports of commercial aircraft and engines, citing national security concerns. The Focus Keyphrase "aircraft and engine imports" lies at the heart of this probe, which could lead to heightened tariffs on critical aerospace products and disrupt long-standing free trade norms.

The Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is evaluating the impact of foreign government subsidies and predatory trade practices on U.S. aerospace competitiveness. It is also reviewing whether increased domestic capacity could reduce the nation’s dependence on imports. The investigation, quietly initiated on May 1 and made public on May 9, grants stakeholders a three-week comment period to respond.

Tariff Tensions Add Pressure to Global Aerospace Supply Chains

This probe adds to growing friction in the global aviation industry, which had largely operated under the 1979 Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft. That agreement enabled decades of tariff-free trade in commercial aviation components. However, the Trump administration’s push for reciprocal tariffs disrupted this regime, and although some duties have been delayed until July, a 10% tariff remains on most aircraft imports.

In parallel, the U.S. and UK recently reached a trade agreement allowing Rolls-Royce’s Trent 1000 engines—used in Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner—to enter the U.S. duty-free. Still, U.S. firms like Boeing, GE Aerospace, and RTX are urging a return to “zero-for-zero” tariffs, emphasizing America’s $75 billion aerospace trade surplus.

EU Considers Retaliatory Measures Against US Aerospace Exports

In response to the escalating tensions, the European Union is preparing countermeasures. On May 7, the European Commission opened public consultations on potential tariffs targeting €95 billion in U.S. goods, including large commercial aircraft. If enacted, these measures would directly impact Boeing deliveries to EU-based carriers and leasing firms.

The inclusion of aircraft under CN code 88024 signals the EU’s intent to mirror U.S. trade policy shifts. While Boeing has not commented publicly, industry leaders are watching closely, as retaliatory tariffs could disrupt delivery schedules, inflame transatlantic relations, and reshape global supply chains.

The Metalnomist Commentary

The Section 232 investigation into aircraft and engine imports marks a pivotal moment in U.S. aerospace trade policy. As governments reassess industrial self-sufficiency, the balance between national security and global cooperation becomes increasingly fragile. This shift may signal a new era of strategic protectionism in advanced manufacturing sectors.