Energy Fuels to Scale Rare Earth Oxide Production in the U.S.

Energy Fuels

Energy Fuels rare earth production

Energy Fuels rare earth production is poised for a major expansion as the company announces technical readiness to process six key rare earth oxides at scale in Utah. This development comes as China tightens export controls on critical materials, heightening U.S. urgency to secure alternative supply chains.

Energy Fuels can now process monazite ore into separated neodymium-praseodymium (NdPr) oxide at its White Mesa Mill. The facility is also prepared to produce samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, terbium, lutetium, and yttrium within 12 months, pending government support.

White Mesa Mill to Anchor Domestic Supply Chain

The White Mesa Mill has the permits and expertise to handle radioactive monazite ore and extract uranium and rare earths. Energy Fuels currently processes 10,000 t/yr of monazite, producing 1,000 t/yr of NdPr oxide.

The company plans to increase capacity to 60,000 t/yr in the coming years to meet domestic demand. This facility will serve as the backbone of a non-Chinese supply chain for rare earth oxides crucial to defense and clean tech.

Long-Term Ore Supply Secured Through Global Expansion

Since 2021, Energy Fuels has sourced monazite from Chemours’ mines in Florida and Georgia. In 2023–2024, it secured three major heavy mineral sands (HMS) properties in the Southern Hemisphere to ensure long-term supply.

However, the company notes these assets are subject to permitting and development uncertainties. Until 2028, Energy Fuels will rely on third-party monazite, as high shipping costs hinder additional imports due to material radioactivity.

The Metalnomist Commentary

Energy Fuels' move to domestically scale rare earth oxide production is a milestone in reshoring critical mineral supply chains. If fully realized, it could significantly reduce U.S. dependence on China while supporting clean energy and defense sectors.